Soltýstik-shyghys Qazaqstanda arheologtar qimaq-qypshaq dәuirine, shamamen bizding zamanymyzdyng IX-XI ghasyrlaryna jatatyn, minsiz saqtalghan aghash dóngelekti túrghyn ýidi tapty.

Arkeo News habarlauynsha, búl janalyq ortaghasyrlyq kóshpeli qauymdardyng Euraziya dalasynda qalay sayahattaghanyn, ómir sýrgenin jәne óz mәrtebesin qalay kórsetkenin siyrek kóruge mýmkindik beredi.

Qúrylym dәstýrli qazaq kiyiz ýiin eske týsiretin shatyr tәrizdi qúrylymy bar aghash arbadan túrady. Pavlodar oblysynyng biyligi búl oljanyng Qazaqstanda da, keng dala aimaghynyng basqa jerlerinde de belgili arheologiyalyq analogtary joq ekenin mәlimdedi.

Osy uaqytqa deyin úqsas jyljymaly túrghyn ýiler negizinen jazbasha derekter men shemalyq tarihy beynelerden belgili boldy. Jyljymaly túrghyn ýy Pavlodar qalasynyng manyndaghy Kenjekól auyldyq okrugindegi Baydala jerleu kesheninen tabyldy. Búl jerdegi arheologiyalyq zertteulerdi 20 jyldan astam uaqyt boyy qazaqstandyq arheolog Timur Smaghúlov basqaryp keledi.

Jyljymaly qúrylymnyng janynan zertteushiler aghash er-toqym, ýzengi, attyng qanyltyrlary, qaru-jaraq bólshekteri, zergerlik búiymdar, jibek matalary jәne ortaghasyrlyq dala ómirimen baylanysty basqa da zattardy tapty. Jalpy alghanda, búl oljalar tek kólik tehnologiyalarynyng ghana emes, sonymen qatar atqa minudin, qolónerdin, kiyim-keshekting jәne alys qashyqtyqtaghy baylanystyng da dәleli bolyp tabylady.

Aghash qúrylymdy saqtau erekshe manyzdy. Aghash jәne toqyma búiymdary siyaqty organikalyq materialdar әdette tez búzylady, búl arheologtardy metall elementterge, shúnqyrlargha nemese janama tarihy mәlimetterge sýiene otyryp, kóshpeli túrghyn ýilerdi qayta qúrugha mәjbýr etedi.

Degenmen, Baydalda ýlken shatyr tәrizdi ýiding dóngelekterge ornatylyp, landshaft arqyly qalay tasymaldanghanyn kórsetu ýshin jetkilikti aghash saqtalghan. Búl janalyq kóshpeli malshylardyng tek shatyrlargha ghana sýienui turaly dәstýrli týsinikke qarsy shyghady, olardy әr lageride bólshektep, qayta salugha tura keldi.

Jyljymaly túrghyn ýiler ómir salty mausymdyq qozghalystargha baylanysty asyl otbasylar men sayasy kóshbasshylar ýshin praktikalyq sheshim boldy. Tek tauarlardy tasymaldaugha qyzmet etetin әdettegi arbadan aiyrmashylyghy, Baydal kóligi tolyqqandy túrghyn ýy retinde qyzmet etken siyaqty.

Onyng shatyr tәrizdi ýstingi qúrylymy kiyiz ýiding injenerlik prinsipterin beyneleydi: iykemdi materialdarmen jabylghan jәne ashyq dalanyng jelderi men temperatura auytqularyna tótep beruge arnalghan jenil aghash jaqtau. Dóngelekti platforma túrghyndargha túrghyn ýilerin tolyghymen bólshektemey qozghalugha mýmkindik berer edi.

Arbanyng jerleu konteksimen baylanysy onyng kýndelikti tasymaldaudan tys manyzdylyghy bolghanyn kórsetedi. Múnday qúrylymdy jerleu keshenine ornalastyru marqúmnyng mәrtebesin nemese jeke basyn kórsetui nemese qaytys bolghannan keyingi sapardy beyneleui mýmkin edi, degenmen arheologtar onyng naqty rәsimdik manyzdylyghyn anyqtay almas búryn qosymsha zertteuler qajet.

Arheologtar ýshin «jyljymaly ýidin» manyzdylyghy onyng materialdyq shyndyghynda jatyr. Ortaghasyrlyq mәtinderde dala arqyly qozghalatyn jyljymaly túrghyn ýiler sipattalghan, biraq Baydaldaghy olja әldeqayda siyrek kezdesetin nәrseni bildiredi: qozghalystyng ózin ómir saltyna ainaldyru ýshin salynghan qúrylymnyng saqtalghan qaldyqtary.

2021 jyly Qazaqstandaghy Saryarqa arheologiyalyq institutynyng arheologtary qola dәuirine jatatyn «qúiryqty» pyshaq pen saby bar adje tapty. Sol kezde múnday túrmystyq zattar elde alghash ret tabyldy. Ghalymdar artefaktilerdi Taldy tarihi-arheologiyalyq sayabaghynda zertteu barysynda tapty.

Ol Qaraghandy ​​oblysynyng Shet audanynda ornalasqan. Jerleu oryndarynyng birinen siyrek kezdesetin qúraldar tabyldy. Aldymen arheologtar shanyshqysy bar pyshaq tapty. Taghy bir tanghajayyp olja - qazirgi zamanghy qashaugha úqsas aghash ústasynyng qúraly stameskany tapty.

Eskertkish Qimaq qaghanaty dәuirindegi eng manyzdy oryndardyng biri bolyp sanalady jәne Úly Dala tarihynda jana taraular ashuy mýmkin. Ghalymdardyng aituynsha, X ghasyrdaghy arab kartalaryna sәikes, Qimaq qaghanatynyng sayasy ortalyghy Imakiya dәl osy jerde ornalasqan. 20 jyldan astam uaqyt boyy arheolog Timur Smaghúlov bastaghan arheologiyalyq ekspedisiya konservasiyalyq qazba júmystaryn jýrgizip keledi.

Aghymdaghy dalalyq mausymda zertteushiler saqtalghan jerleu qorghandarynyng birin zertteudi jalghastyruda: jerleu orynyng qaldyqtary tazartyldy, qúrbandyqqa shalynghan januarlardyng sýiekteri tabyldy jәne negizgi jerleu ornynyng ashyluy tamyz-qyrkýiek ailaryna josparlanghan.

Songhy jyldardaghy basty janalyq - qimaq-qypshaq dәuirinen qalghan tolyghymen saqtalghan jyljymaly túrghyn ýy - shatyry bar aghash arba, onyng dizayny qazaq kiyiz ýiine úqsas. Arheologtardyng aituynsha, múnday janalyqtyng Euraziya dalasynyng arheologiyasynda balamasy joq.

Jyljymaly ýimen qatar, aghash er-toqym, ýzengiler, kesekter, qaru-jaraq, zergerlik búiymdar, jibek matalar jәne basqa da artefaktiler tabyldy, búl ortaghasyrlyq kóshpendilerding ómiri men mәdeniyetine jana kózqaras berdi. Osy uaqytqa deyin tarihy ghylymda múnday «jyljymaly ýiler» turaly tek jazbasha esepter men shemalyq illustrasiyalar ghana boldy.

Arheologiyalyq zertteulerdi odan әri jýrgizu, biregey oljalardy saqtau jәne qalpyna keltiru, sonday-aq keshendi múrajaygha ainaldyru jәne ony Qazaqstannyng negizgi tarihy jәne mәdeny múra nysandarynyng biri retinde damytu boyynsha úsynystar jasau josparlanuda.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov

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