«Qazaqstan joly – 2050: Bir maqsat, bir mýdde, bir bolashaq» atty Elbasynyng biylghy joldauynda «aldaghy 10-15 jylda ghylymy qamtymdy ekonomikalyq bazis jasauymyz kerek, onsyz biz әlemning damyghan elderi qataryna qosyla almaymyz, múny damyghan ghylym arqyly sheshuge bolady» dep kórsetilgen. Ghylymy qamtymdy ekonomika qúru – eng aldymen Qazaqstan ghylymynyng әleuetin arttyru. Joldauda ghylymy qamtymdy salalar – elektronika, lazerlik tehnika, kommunikasiyalyq jәne medisinalyq jabdyqtar jasau, geologiyalyq barlau salasy boyynsha әlemdik naryqqa shyghu, avtomobili jәne aviaqúrastyru, teplovoz, jolaushylar jәne jýk vagondary óndirisi, mobilidi, mulitiymediyalyq, nano jәne gharyshtyq tehnologiyalar, robot tehnikasy, gendik injeneriya salalaryn, bolashaqtyng energiyasyn izdeu men ashu, agroónerkәsip keshenin innovasiyalyq baghytqa týsiru, «Jasyl» ekonomikagha kóshu, agrarlyq-innovasiyalyq klasterler qúru t.b. dep naqty anyqtalghan. Endi osy mindetterdi qalay jýzege asyramyz? Otandyq ghylym múnday mindetterdi sheshuge dayar ma?
Aldymyzgha nebir aspandaghan asqaq mindetter qoyghanymyzben, olardyng barlyghy da qara jerding betinde jýrip, ómir shynayylyghymen betpe-bet kelu arqyly sheshileri aqiqat. Sol siyaqty, qazaqstandyq ghylym da ózdiginen damymaydy, ony damytatyn ziyaly qauym ókilderi, atap aitsaq, negizinen ghalymdar, yaghni, ghylymy qyzmetkerler men joghary oqu oryndarynyng (JOO) professorlyq-oqytushylyq qúramy bolyp tabylady. Óitkeni, býgingi bilimdi student – ertengi ghúlama ghalym. Al endi osy qazaqstandyq ghylymdy damytady deytin ghalymdarymyzdyng hal-ahualy qanday, olargha ghylymiy-zertteu júmystarmen ainalysugha qajetti jaghdaylar jasalghan ba? Búl súraqtargha jauap izdeu ýshin jýieli taldau jasau qajettigi tuyndaydy, sebebi otandyq ghylymnyng damuyna túsau bolyp otyrghan problemalar óte kóp, tipten, keybir mәselelerding sheshimi tәuelsizdik alghaly beri tabylmay, әbden qordalanghan. Egemendi el bolghaly beri qanshama bilim-ghylym ministri auysqanyn halqymyz sanaudan janylysatyn boldy, olardyng bilim men ghylymdy әlemdik qalyptargha (standarttargha) sәikestendiru maqsatynda jýrgizgen reformalary búrynnan kele jatqan eski problemalargha qosylyp, jyghylghangha tiygen júdyryqtay bolyp otyr.
Qaryshtap damyp bara jatqan batys pen shyghystyng alyp memleketterining tәjiriybesine qarasaq, olar ghylymgha kónil bólu arqyly jan-jaqty damugha qol jetkizip otyrghanyn bayqaymyz. Mysaly, AQSh ghylymdy damytugha jyl sayyn 400 mlrd dollardan astam qarjy júmsaydy, búl AQSh ishki jalpy ónimining (IJÓ) 2,7 % qúraydy. Býkil әlem boyynsha ghylymdy damytugha júmsalatyn qarjynyng 34 % AQSh ýlesinde bolsa, 26 % - Eurooodaqqa, 14 % - Japoniyagha tiyesili eken. Songhy jyldary Qytay men Ýndistan da ghylymgha IJÓ 2 %bóliginen astam qarjy bólip, innovasiyagha basa nazar audaru arqyly damudyng jana satysyna kóterilip otyr. Damyghan elderding qataryna enu ýshin Qazaqstan әlemdik ýrdisten qalmauy tiyis. Sondyqtan, Elbasymyz jana joldauynda qazaqstandyq ekonomikanyng joghary tehnologiyalyq jana salalaryn qúru men ghylymdy qarjylandyrudy IJÓ 3 % kem emes dengeyge deyin arttyru talabyn qoyyp otyr. Áriyne, qarjylyq qoldau qazaqstandyq ghalymdardyng mýmkindigin keneytip, jana izdenister jasauyna, belsendi shygharmashylyqpen ainalysuyna iygi yqpal eteri sózsiz. Endigi mәsele osy bólingeli otyrghan qyruar qarjyny talan-tarajgha salmay, oryn-ornymen júmsap, ghylymy ortadaghy әdil bәsekelestikti dúrys jolgha qoy. Ázirge búl kórsetkish songhy bes jylda 0,15-0,17 % aralyghynda túr, yaghni, Qazaqstan ghylymdy damytugha IJÓ kóleminen kózge kóriner-kórinbes - 0,2% jetpeytin qarjy bóledi... Búl óte az kórsetkish, jetkilikti qarjylyq qoldau bolmaghan son, otandyq ghylym salasy qalt-qúlt etip, ólmesting kýnin keship otyr. Qazir qazaqstandyq ghylym salasy ayanyshty kýide ekenin býkil qogham biledi. Endi tól tengemizdi qúnsyzdandyrghan devalivasiyadan keyin ghylymnyng jaghdayy mýlem qiyndaytyn siyaqty. Ghalymdardyng ailyq jalaqysy óte tómen, olarda «kóldeneng payda» tabatyn qosymsha tabys kózi de joq. Ótkende Mәjilis deputaty D. Nazarbaeva da búl mәseleni kóterip, JOO oqytushylary 80 myng ailyq jalaqygha júmys istep jýr, demek olar «zachet», emtihan qabyldauda kóldeneng payda tabady dep aityp qaldy. Halyq qalaulysy qazaqstandyq JOO kredittik tehnologiyagha ótip ketkenin, studentterding sabaqqa qatysuy elektrondy jurnalgha tirkeletinin, «zachet» degen úghymnyng joyylghanyna onshaqty jyl bolghanyn, sessiya kezinde student pen oqytushynyng betpe-bet kezdesui shektelip, studentter emtihandy kompiuterlik testileu nemese qúpiya kodtau arqyly araqashyqtyqtan jazbasha tapsyratynyn, ony balama oqytushy tekseretinin bilmeydi nemese esinen shygharyp alghan boluy kerek. Qazir JOO oqytushylar qauymy bir jalaqygha qarap, «aylyqtan ailyqqa deyin» amaldap tirshilik etuge beyimdelgen. Ghalymdargha eshqanday әleumettik qoldau da jasalmaydy, túrghyn ýimen qamtu, jenildikter jasau degen atymen joq. Ghylymiy-zertteu jýrgizu bazalarynyng jaraqtandyryluy da zamangha say emes. Osynyng barlyghy ghylymy salany qojyratyp, «Ghalym» degen asqaq úghymnyng qadirin ketirip, jastardyng ghylymmen ainalysugha degen ynta-jigerin joida. Ghylym jolyna intellektualdyq bәsekelestik jolymen emes, joqtyng kýninen kelushilik, nemese, tamyr-tanys arqyly grantqa qol jetkizip, ghylymy ataq-dәreje alu ýshin kelu basym bolyp barady. Ókinishke oray, búl ótkir shyndyq, qazir qazaqstandyq joghary oqu oryndarynyng PhD doktoranturalarynda oqyp jýrgen doktoranttardyng kópshiligi ghylymnan alshaq jandar, ondaylarda «Ghalym bolam, ghylymy izdenisimmen elimning damuyna paydaly ýles qosam!» degen oy men arman joq. Ay sayyn doktoranturanyng stiypendiyasyn alyp, oghan qosymsha taghy bir jerge júmysqa túryp, «doktorant» retinde grant esebinen shet elderde «tegin taghylymdamadan» ótip, bostan bos tayrandaghandaryna mәz. Sheteldik impakt-faktorly basylymdarda ghylymy maqala shygharu talabyn orynday almay, PhD-doktorlyq dissertasiyalaryn qorghaugha jete almay ketip jatqan doktorantsymaqtar qanshama. Qor bolghan memlekettik budjetting qarjysy... Al, qorghalyp jatqan PhD-doktorlyq dissertasiyalardyng kóbisining sapasy men dengeyi búrynghy kandidattyq dissertasiyalargha da jetpeydi. Óstip ózimizdi-ózimiz aldap jýre bersek, otandyq ghylym qalay damymaq? Al, quys keude PhD-doktordyng ór kókirektigi nan pisirerliktey. Múnyng bәri bos sóz emes, búryn da, qazir de nebir dissertasiyalardyng talqylauynda resenzent bolghandyqtan salystyryp, kórip-bilip jýrmiz.

2010 jyly 11 nauryzynda Qazaqstan Boloniya prosesine qosylyp, «Uniyversiytetterding úly hartiyasyna» qol qoyyp, TMD elderining ishinen birinshi bolyp europalyq ýsh dengeyli bilim beru jýiesine ótti (bakalavriat-magistratura-doktorantura). Osyghan baylanysty, 2011 jylghy 1 qantardan bastap kenestik dәuirden múragha qalghan týrli ghylymy mamandyqtar boyynsha kandidattyq jәne doktorlyq dissertasiyalar qorghau arqyly ghylymy dәreje beru jýiesi joyyldy. Eki dengeyli ghylymy dәreje beru jýiesin bir ghana PhD-doktorantura almastyrdy. «Ózimizdegi dәstýrlining bәri jaman, shetelden engen janashanyng bәri tamasha» degen, sanamyzgha qasang bolyp qatqan synarjaq týsinik boyynsha PhD-doktorantura otandyq ghalymdy jarylqaydy dep edik, sol ýmitimiz aqtaldy ma? Qazirgi kezde otandyq ghalymdar men ghylymy basylymdardyng basym bóligi kandidattyq-doktorlyq dissertasiyalar qorghaudyng toqtatylyp, olardyng ornyna PhD-doktorantura endirilui qazaqstandyq ghylymdy toqyraugha úshyratty degen pikirde. Búryn ghylymy dәreje alu ýshin dissertasiyalyq zertteuding nәtiyjelerin otandyq ghylymy basylymdarda keninen jariyalau qajet degen talap qoyylatyn, búl óz kezeginde ghylymy maqalalardyng kóptep jazyluyn yntalandyryp, Qazaqstandaghy týrli ghylymy salalardaghy basylymdardyng damuyna iygi yqpal etetin. Qazir ol joq, PhD-doktoranturada oqityn doktoranttar az, sәikesinshe, olardyng jazatyn ghylymy maqalalary da az. Ghylymy maqalalardyng kólemi azayghan son, kóptegen ghylymy basylymdar aqyly maqala jariyalau qúnyn qymbattatugha mәjbýr boluda, keybiri nomerlerin qajetti materialmen toltyra almay, eki aida bir nomer, nemese toqsanda bir, jarty jylda bir nomer shygharugha kóshken. Qazir QR BGhM Bilim jәne ghylym salasyndaghy qadaghalau komiytetining úsynatyn ghylymy basylymdarynyng tizimi de edәuir qysqaryp qalghan.
Qazaqstandaghy kandidattyq-doktorlyq dissertasiyalar qorghaudyng toqtatyluy kórshi Qyrghyz Respublikasyna jaqsy boldy. Qazaqstannan qanshama dissertant Bishkekke baryp dissertasiya qorghap jatyr. Ár dissertant keminde 10-15 myng AQSh dollary kóleminde qyrghyz ekonomikasyn damytugha ýles qosary sózsiz (dissertasiya qorghaugha baylanysty tuyndaytyn týrli shyghyndardy óteu arqyly). Reseyge baryp dissertasiya qorghaushylar da jeterlik. Al Qazaqstan ekonomikasy men ghylymy kerisinshe, qolda barynan aiyrylyp, tam-túmdap joghaltyp jatyr. Sondyqtan da, qazaqstandyq ghylymdy damytu ýshin ghylymy izdenisterge yntalandyrudyng balama joldaryn qarastyruymyz qajet. Búl jerde mәsele tek qana materialdyq nemese aqshalay qúndylyqtargha tirelip túrghan joq. Ghylym damuyn әleumettik mәrtebege qol jetkizuge degen talpynys arqyly da qosymsha yntalandyrugha bolady. Mysaly, joghary oqu oryndary men ghylymiy-zertteu instituttarynda 5-10 jyldyq naghyz ghylymiy-pedagogikalyq enbek ótili bar shtattyq qyzmetkerelerge qaytadan kandidattyq jәne doktorlyq ghylymy dәrejeler berudi jolgha qoyyp, ghylymy damuda qazaqstandyq balama jol jasalsa (batystyq jәne otandyq ghylymy jýie paraleli jýretindey). Búl óz kezeginde, toqyrap bara jatqan ghylymy salagha qaytadan qan jýgirtip, onyng damuyna qosymsha mýmkindikter tughyzary sózsiz. Tek qana PhD-doktoranturagha qarap auzymyzdy ashyp otyrsaq, qazaqstandyq ghylymnyng kósegesi kógere qoymas. Biraq myna bir mәseleni erekshe eskeruimiz qajet – kandidattyq jәne doktorlyq dissertasiyalardy qorghaugha shen-shekpendilerdi jolatpaudy qatang qadaghalauymyz qajet. Búrynghy ghylymy jýiening berekesin qashyryp, bedelin týsirgen bizding sheneunikterding jappay «ghylymy dәreje alghyshtyghy» ekenin úmytpayyq. Búl ózi kezinde Elbasynan bastap, qatardaghy әrbir qazaqstandyqqa deyin mәlim bolghan ayanyshty jaghday bolatyn.
Otandyq ghylymgha payda әkeledi dep josparlaghanymen, is jýzinde týrli kedergiler men shyghyn әkelip jatqan janalyqtyng biri – sheteldik impakt-faktorly basylymdargha maqala jariyalau turaly talap. Búl talap PhD-doktoranturagha ghana emes, búrynghy jýieden kandidattyq jәne doktorlyq ghylymy dәrejelerin alghanymen, dosent nemese professor ghylymy ataqtaryn alyp ýlgermegenderge de qoyylady. Al, impakt-faktorly basylymgha maqala jariyalau qazaqstandyq ghalym ýshin qiyamet-qayymmen tendey, mashaqaty men shyghyny kóp sharua. Aldymen, impakt-faktor degen ne ekenin ashyp alayyq. Impakt-faktor ghylymy jurnaldyng manyzdylyghyn sapamen emes, sanmen anyqtaytyn kórsetkish, 1960 jyldary AQSh Pensilivaniya shtatynyng Filadelifiya qalasynda Yudjin Garfild degen kәsipker Eugene Garfield Associates Inc. kompaniyasynyng janynan Ghylymy aqparat institutyn (Institute for Scientific Information, ISI) qúrady. Búl kommersiyalyq úiym ghylymy basylymdardyng bibliografiyalyq mәlimetter bazasyn, siltemeler jasalu jiyiligi siyaqty statistikalyq zertteu jasaumen ainalysady. Zertteu nәtiyjelerin AQSh kitaphanalaryna satyp, qanday basylymdargha jazylugha bolatyny turaly aqyly kenester beredi. 1961 jyldan bastap Science Citation Index (SCI) silteme jasau indeksin shygharady, bastapqyda búl indeks 600 taqau ghylymy jurnaldy qamtysa, 2010 jyly búl kórsetkish týrli elderdegi 16 myng jurnalgha jetken. 1992 jyly Ghylymy aqparat institutyn Thomson Scientific & Healthcare korporasiyasy satyp alyp, birikken úiym Thomson ISI dep atalady. Al, 2006 jyldan bastap Thomson Reuters degen atqa iye. Basylymnyng impakt-faktoryn anyqtau songhy ýsh jyldy ghana qamtidy, odan búrynghy jariyalanghan ghylymy manyzy zor maqalalary bar basylymdar esepke alynbaydy. Impakt-faktorly basylymdargha maqalalardy irikteu bir jyldan astam uaqytqa sozylady, keyde eki jylgha deyin qarastyryluy mýmkin. Biyl Thomson Reuters bazasynda bar basylym kelesi jyly odan shyghyp qaluy da әbden mýmkin. Olay bolsa, Thomson Reuterske jatatyn basylymgha biyl bergen ghylymy maqalanyz kelesi jyly «jay ghana» sheteldik basylymda shyghyp jatsa tandanbanyz.
Búdan bólek, әleueti 18 mlrd. AQSh dolllaryna ten, 2000 astam jurnalgha iyelik etetin Elsevier baspager korporasiyasy qúrghan«Scopus» bibliografiyalyq jәne referativtik mәlimetter bazasy bar. Elsevier korporasiyasy negizinen ózining iyeligindegi jurnaldardyng bәsekelestik qabiletin arttyru arqyly payda tabu maqsatynda osynau qúitúrqy әri sangha negizdelgen jýieni oilap tauyp, ghylymy izdenisterdi «baghalaytyn» dengeyge kóterilgen. Sonymen qatar, 2005 jyly Kaliforniya uniyversiytetining fizik ghalymy Horhe Hirsh oilap tapqan h-indeks, nemese Hirsh indeksi degen bar. Búl da sol, ghylymy maqalalar sany men olargha jasalghan siltemelerdi sanau arqyly ghylymy úiymnyn, ghalymdar toby men jekelegen ghalymnyng reytingin anyqtau. Songhy kezderi keybir ghalymsymaqtar ózara kelisip, bir-birine jii silteme jasap, h-indeksi boyynsha bir-birining reytingterin arttyrudyng aila amaldaryn tapqany kóp aitylyp jýr. Sheteldik tәjiriybening bәri birdey jaqsy emes...
Impakt-faktorly basylymdargha maqala jariyalau óte qymbat, baspagha qabyldau turaly qarastyru kezeninde resenzentterding qalamaqysyn avtor tóleydi. Resenzentter teris pikir bildirse, maqala jariyalanbaydy. Múnday jaghdayda tólengen aqsha qaytarylmaydy, sebebi, sheteldik resenzentter ong nemese teris pikir bergenine qaramastan enbekaqysyn aluy tiyis. Shetelge maqala dayarlaymyn dep qazaqstandyq avtorlar ony shet tiline audarady, búl ýshin kóbinese kәsiby audarmashylardyng qyzmetine jýginedi. Audarmashylar bolsa bir betti aghylshyn tiline audarghany ýshin kemi 2500-3000 tenge alady, bir maqalany aghylshyn tiline audaru otyz myng tengege juyqtap qalady. Nemis, fransuz, ispan t.b. tilderge audaru búdan da qymbatyraq. Impakt-faktorgha jariyalaugha tólenetin aqsha 500-1000 evro aralyghynda. Búl aqshanyng bәrin qazaqstandyq ghalymdar ózderining qaltasynan tóleuge mәjbýr, onsyz da «shyqpa janym, shyqpa» dep zorgha jýrgen ghalymdarymyz әupirimdep, ol aqshany ýsh-tórt adam bolyp qosylyp tólep jýr. Impakt-faktorly basylymdardyng teginderi de bar kórinedi, biraq olargha senim az, basylatyn materialdy qarastyru merzimderi de tym úzaq. Onday basylymdargha bergen maqala jaryqqa shyqqansha tóziming tausylyp, doktoranturanyng merzimi de ayaqtalyp, ishindegi material da eskirip qalady. Týptep kelgende, taghy da sol, impakt-faktordyng jyrymen jýrgen qazaqstandyq ghalymdar әbden shyghyndanyp, sheteldik basylymdargha «jem» bolady, al, otandyq ekonomika men ghylym ózining auzynan talay qarjyny shetelge jyryp beredi. «Impakt-faktor» degen «qúdirettin» osynday tiyimsiz tústary kóp.
Negizi, impakt-faktordyng tiyimsizdigin aityp, oghan qarsy shyghushylar óte kóp. Búl turaly 2012 jyly jeltoqsanda AQSh ghalymdary San-Fransiskoda birikken mәlimdeme jasap, Ghylymy zertteulerdi baghalau jónindegi deklarasiya jariyalady (San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment — DORA)
http://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agroxxi/fakty-mnenija-kommentarii/indeks-citiruemosti-ne-mozhet-byt-reshayuschim-pri-ocenke-nauchnyh-rabot.html
Deklarasiya jariyalanghan sәtte ony әlemning týrli elderining 87 ghylymy úiymy moyyndap, 400 astam әlemge әigili ghalym qol qoyghan. Qazir búl deklarasiyany qoldaushylardyng sany әldeqayda kóp – 447 úiym men 10419 ghalym /http://am.ascb.org/dora/. Búl deklarasiyagha qol qoishylardyng biri, «EMBO Journal» redaktory Bernd Puliverer mynaday mysal keltiredi: «Nature» degen jurnaldaghy genom mәselesi turaly bir ghana maqalagha 10 000 ret silteme jasaluynan «Nature» jurnaly eki jyl qatarynan joghary impakt-faktor koefiysentin alghan. Búl siltemelerding ghylymilyghy da kýmәndi. Al ol jurnaldaghy basqa maqalalar aitarlyqtay súranysqa ie bolmaghan. Sonda, bir maqalanyng arqasynda impakt-faktorgha ie bolghan jurnalda jaryq kórgen basqa da ghylymy manyzy joq maqalalar keremet baghalanbaq pa?» Yaghni, sheteldik ghalymdardyng kórsetuinshe, impakt-faktor sapadan góri sangha kóbirek mәn beretin aldamshy kórsetkish, ol ghylymnyng damuyna yqpal etea lmaydy.
Fiziologiya jәne medisina boyynsha Nobeli silyghyn alghan amerikandyq biolog Rendy Shekman The Guardian gazetine bergen súhbatynda ózining «elitalyq» jurnaldargha maqala beruden bas tartatyn aitqan. Onyng aituynsha «...men jәne mening әriptesterim Nature, Cell jәne Science siyaqty «ataqty» jurnaldarda ghylymy maqala jariyalau arqyly kәsiby bedel men marapatqa qol jetkizemiz. Biraq búl - jurnaldardyng reputasiyasy men bedeli degen sóz emes, naghyz oqymystylardyng enbegining arqasy. Múnday jurnaldardyng atyn shygharatyn naghyz ghylymy maqalalar óte az, al, týkke túrghysyz materialdar olardyng betterinde kóptep kezdesedi» degen eken /http://www.pravda.ru/science/useful/24-12-2013/1186002-shekman-0/.
2013 jyly reseylik ghalymdar da impakt-faktorgha jappay qarsy shygha bastady http://agnc.ru/index.php?id=4374&t=2. 2013 jylghy 30 sәuirde Resey Federasiyasynyng Preziydenti janyndaghy Ghylym jәne bilim jónindegi reseylik keneste ghylymy zertteulerdi baghalauda impakt-faktor tiyimsiz ekendigi aitylyp, búl pikir birauyzdan qoldau tapty. Resey ghalymdary sheteldik basylymdargha jaltaqtamay, reseylik ghylymdy reseylik basylymdarda keninen talqylau arqyly damytugha basymdyq berudi úsyndy, kerek bolsa beldi reseylik ghylymy basylymdardy impakt-faktordyng tizimine jappay endirudi qolgha alu qajet dep atap kórsetken. Osy alqalyq basqosuda ghylymy zertteulerding biliktiligi men manyzdylyghyn tekseru qajet bolsa, reseylik zertteushilerden arnayy auditorlyq úiym qúryp, ghylymy zertteulerding sapasyntәuelsiz saraptaudy jolgha qong qajet dep sheshipti.

Qazaqstan ghylymyn damytamyz desek, bizge de osynday balama joldardy qarastyrghanymyz jón. Tek qana impakt-faktorgha qazaqstandyq ghylymnyng baghyn baylap qoygha bolmaydy. Mysaly, impakt-faktorgha maqala shygharudy mindettegeli beri Qazaqstanda dosent jәne professor ghylymy ataghyn alushylardyng sany kýrt kemip ketken. Búryn ghylymy ataq berude joghary bilim beru salasynda dosent ýshin 5 jyl enbek ótili, professor ýshin 10 jyl enbek ótili boluy, oqu qúraly men oqu-әdistemelik maqalalary boluy mindetti sanalatyn. Búl qoyylghan talaptyng artyq ne kem jeri joq. Joghary oqu ornynyng dosenti nemese professory bolu ýshin búdan artyq ne talap kerek? Endi kelip, múnyng ýstine 2-3 impakt-faktorly maqala jariyalau kerek degen mindet qosylyp otyr. Onsyz da uniyversiytetting otymen kirip, suymen shyghatyn, ailyghy shaylyghyna әzer jetetin oqytushylar qauymy ýshin búl talap aitarlyqtay auyrtpalyq tughyzyp otyr. Oqytushynyng bәri birdey әlemdik dengeyde tanylatynday ghylymy janalyq asha berse, Qazaqstannyng joghary oqu oryndary keremet bolyp, әlemdik ghylym ordasyna ainalyp ketpey me? Onda «Bolashaq» baghdarlamasy arqyly shetelderde qazaqstandyq jastardy oqytyp ne kerek, budjet qarjysyn otandyq uniyverlerge qúya salmaymyz ba? Elbasymyz damudyng qazaqstandyq ýlgisin jasaymyz dep jar salsa, sheneunikterimiz shetelding jýrgen jolymen jýremiz dep dauryghumen keledi. Nege biz kórpemizge qaray kósilip, ózindik damu jolymyzben jýrmeymiz? Bireuding istegenin qaytalap, aitqanyn isteytin, ózindik oiy men isi joq el qalay «Mәngilik el» bolmaq? Bilim jәne ghylym ministrliginen súraytynymyz osy bir býirekten siraq shygharatyn qisynsyz auyr mindetti mýldem alyp tastasa eken.
Qazaqstandyq ghylymnyng ayaghyna túsau bolyp otyrghan problemalardyng kelesi bireui – burokratiya. Qazaqstandaghy qogham ómirining barlyq salasynda shen-shekpendilerding bassyzdyghy men qaghazbastylyqtyng jappay beleng aluy elimizding damuyn tejep, jemqorlyqtyng neshe-týrin tuyndatyp otyr. Sol siyaqty,bilim-ghylym salasyndaghy «sholaq belsendiler» men «qaghazqúmarlyq» derti de bilim berudi qojyratyp,otandyq ghylymnyng damuyn daghdarysqa úryndyrdy. Mysaly, men qyzmet etetin әl-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq uniyversiyteti 2011-2012 oqu jyly kóktemde, 2012-2013oqu jylynda kýzde, yaghni, bir jylda eki ret memlekettik attestasiyadan ótti, 2013-2014oqu jyly kýzde halyqaralyq akkredetasiyadan, QR BGhM Bilim beru jetistikterin syrttay baghalaudan (VOUD), al 2014 jyldyng basynda últtyq akkredetasiyadan ótti. Maydyng ýstine may jaqqanday bolghan ýzdiksiz tekseruler oqytushyny da, studentti de әbden mezi etip bitti. Múnday tekseruler әsirese, professorlyq-oqytushylyq qúram ýshin tozaqtyng azap otynday, sebebi, tekserushilerding talabyn oryndau ýshin әrbir kafedranyng mýsheleri qújattar jasau, test tapsyrmalaryn qúrastyru, týrli qaghaz toltyrudan kóz ashpay ketedi. Keybir kafedralardaghy shkaftargha jinalghan qaghaz pәpkelerding sany jýzge tarta, әrqaysynyng kólemi topan kirpishtey, 200-300 betten túrady. Búl qazaqstandyq kez-kelgen joghary oqu ornyna tәn kórinis. Qazaqstannyng bilim-ghylym salasyndaghy qaghazbastylyqtyng qúny da tym qymbat - milliardtaghan tengening kense tauarlarynan bastap, sany kóp neshe-týrli shyghyndar. Jyl sayyn tonnalaghan qaghaz makulaturagha ainalyp, qarjy-qarajat tiyimsiz júmsaluda. Kredittik tehnologiya men elektrondy qújat ainalysyn, intranet jelisin iske qosu qaghazbastylyqtan aryltatyn bolady degen ýmit aqtalmady. Tanqalarlyq jәit: elektrondy oqu tehnologiyalary men kompiuterlik-úiymdastyrushylyq tehnika damyghan sayyn qaghazbastylyq azaymaq týgil, búrynghydan birneshe ese kóbeyip ketti. Aqylgha simaytyn, qajetsiz qaghaz toltyru tolastar emes. Bir ghana «Pәnning oqu-әdistemelik keshenin» alyp qarayyq (POÁK nemese UMKD). Ishinde ne joq deysiz: pәnning tiptik baghdarlamasy, sillabusy, seminar súraqtary, emtihan súraqtary, studentting ózindik júmys taqyryptary, test tapsyrmalary, әdebiyetteri, dәris mәtini, oqu-әdistemelik kartasy t.b. Kólemi keminde 300 bet.Osynday POÁK oqytylatyn әrbir pәn boyynsha jyl sayyn jasalady.Jyl sayyn týbegeyli ózgerip jatqan ghylym salasy Qazaqstan túrmaq, býkil әlemde kemde kem. Sәikesinshe, oqytylatyn pәnderding de mazmúny qatty ózgerip jatqan joq, kóptegen pәnder teoriyalyq sipatta, irgeli bilim beruge baghyttalghan. Uaqyt pen qaghazdy ýnemdeu ýshin teoriyalyq pәnderding POÁK joq degende tórt-bes jylda bir ret, qoldanbalyq baghyttaghylaryn eki-ýsh jylda bir ret jasap qonggha әbden bolady. Studentterge dәris oqyp, oqu-әdistemelik jәne tәjiriybelik júmys jýrizuden bólek,oqytushylardyng atqaratyn ghylymi, indikativtik, kýntizbelik-josparlyq, eseptik, tәrbiyelik, kezekshilik, qoghamdyq, imidjdik t.b. tolyp jatqan júmystary jetip artylady.

Búghan qosa, qazaqstandyq JOO europalyq bilim beru standarttaryna ótkenimen, tәrbie júmysyn búrynghy kenestik әdis-tәsildermen jýrgizudi jalghastyryp keledi. Shetelderde studentterge tolyqqandy azamat retinde, kәmletke tolghan, ózine-ózi jauap bere alatyn jeke túlgha retinde qaraydy. Tәlim-tәrbiyege mektep jasyna deyin jәne mektep qabyrghasynda basymdyq berilse, JOO studentine kәsiby bilim, túlghalyq qasiyetter qalyptastyru men azamattyq ústyndardy damytugha mәn beriledi. Sheteldik tәjiriybede studentterding tәlim-tәrbiyesimen ainalysatyn arnayy pedagog-psiholog mamandar – tiutorlar qauymy bar. Olar bilim berumen emes, tek qana tәrbiyelik, etikalyq-estetikalyq, patriottyq, azamattyq tәlim-tәrbie berumen ghana kәsiby ainalysady. Batystyq professor-oqytushylar bolsa, studentterge sapaly bilim berumen jәne ózderin kәsiby jetildiru maqsatynda ghylymy zertteuler jasaydy, olardyng jyldyq oqu jýktelimderi de bizding professorlargha qaraghanda eki ese az, al onyng esesine bizge qaraghanda keminde 3-4 ese kóp jalaqy alady. Yaghni, әrkim ózining isin atqaryp, sapaly júmys isteuge tolyq mýmkindikter jasalghan, sonyng arqasynda olarda bilim de, ghylym da qaryshtap damu ýstinde.
Al Qazaq elining JOO tәrbie isi basqarmalary shekten tys belsendilik tanytyp, studentter qauymyna keri әser etip jýrgenderin sezbey keledi. Olar qazirgi zamannyng talaby basqa ekenin, jastardyng dýniyetanymy men talghamy ózgergenin kópe-kórneu eskermeydi, eskishe búra tartudyng nәtiyjesiz ekenin bile túra, sholaq belsendilikke qúmar. Búl salada da qaghazbastylyq qaptap ketken, onyng barlyghy oqytushynyng moynyna kuratorlyq jәne edvayzerlik júmys bolyp qosymsha ilinedi. Qysqasy, oqu jәne tәrbie júmysy qosylghanda, professor-oqytushylardyng qajetsiz qaghaz toltyruy odan sayyn arta týsedi. Osylaysha, oy enbegimen, ghylymmen ainalysatyn adamnyng qajetsiz qaghaz jazudan bas kótere almaytyn qiyn jaghday qalyptasyp otyr. JOO enbek etetin ziyaly qauymnyng qaghazben alysugha ketken asyl uaqytyn bylay qoyghanda, qaghaz-qalam materialdar men elektr energiyasyn ýnemdeu, elektrondy qúral-jabdyqtardyng amortizasiyalyq shyghynyn azaytu men dalighan burokratiyalyq apparatty qysqartu arqyly qyruar qarjy ýnemdeuge bolady ghoy? Ýnemdeletin qarjy-qarajatty: naqty ghylymy zertteu júmystaryna;studentter ýshin JOO aqyly oqudyng baghasyn tómendetuge; miyn ashytyp, manday terin tógip jýrgen oqytushylardyng jalaqysyn kóteruge; bilim beru sapasyn arttyrugha baghyttasaq elimiz ýshin qanday keremet bolar edi.
Ayta bersek, otandyq bilim-ghylym salasyndaghy oryn alyp otyrghan kelensizdikter tolyp jatyr. Songhy kezderi Qazaqstannyng joghary oqu oryndaryna bas súqqan adamnyng kózine birden týsetin nәrse – kire beriste qalshiyp túratyn kýzetshiler men turniyketter. Al ghimarattardyng syrty adam boyynan biyik temir dualdarmen ainaldyra qorshalghan. Beyne bir, azamattyq oqu orny emes, erekshe kýzetiletin rejimdik obektiler – týrme, ishki ister nemese qorghanys, qauipsizdik organdarynyng ghimaraty siyaqty әser alarynyz sózsiz. Búghan shetelderden qonaqqa keletin ghalymdar da ýnemi tandanystaryn jasyra almay jatady. Búryn kireberiste kilt berip, qonyrau soghatyn vahterlar ghana túratyn edi. Sonda búl ghimarattar búryn eshbir «jau» almay, qalay ashyq-shashyq, emin-erkin túrghan dep te eriksiz oigha qalasyn... Búl azday, oqytushylardyng bәrine elektrondy ID-karta berilip, olardyng ghimartqa kirip-shyqqanyn «andu» jolgha qoyylyp, múnymen ainalysu ýshin әrbir JOO arnayy basqarma qúrylghan. Qazaqstandyq JOO búryn olarsyz da «qadaghalaushy-tekserushi-baqylaushy-núsqau berushi-ýilestirushi-kenes berushi» siyaqty kóp sandy әkimshilik basqarmalar jetip artylatyn. Qanshama qarjy-qarajat osynday itpen-mysyqtay «andysugha» júmsaluda. Erteden keshke deyin bir ghimaratta otyrugha professor-oqytushylargha eshbir jaghday da jasalmaghan, 20-30 adamnan túratyn kafedra tútasymen ayaday bir bólmege tyghylady. Oqytushylar qauymy oqu ghimaratyna kirip alyp, omalyp otyrsa, shygharmashylyq izdenis jasap, ghylymmen ainalysu ýshin kitaphanalargha qay kezde barmaqshy? Ózin-ózi jetildirmegen oqytushy erteng studentterge sapaly dәristi qaytip oqidy? BAQ-pen ózara baylanysty, halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyqty, júmys berushilermen kezdesudi t.b. júmystardy qaytip jýzege asyrmaqshy? Jazghan ghylymy enbekterin týrli basylymdardyng redaksiyalary men baspahanalargha tapsyrugha qalay barmaq? Al, basshylyq bolsa: «Oqytushylar ghylymmen ainalyspaydy» dep kinәlaydy. Eshqanday bos uaqyty men jaghdayy joq bolsa, oqytushylar qay kezde ghylymmen ainalyspaq?
Jәne bir ózekti mәsele – elimizde ghylym men óndiristing arasyndaghy ózara baylanystyng bolmauy. Naqty júmys istep túrghan óndiris oryndary kemde kem, shiyrek ghasyr boyy shetelge shiykizat satqanymyzgha mәz bolyp otyrmyz. Ýdemeli óndiristik-innovasiyalyq damu baghdarlamasynyng alghashqy besjyldyghy biyl ayaqtalady, al nәtiyjesi kózge kórinbeydi... Elbasymyz da ministrler men әkimderdi kóp synap, onyng nәtiyjesi mardymsyz ekenin talay aitty. Tehnikalyq ghylymy janalyqtar óndiriske endirilmese, qoghamdyq ghylymdardyng zertteu nәtiyjelerin sheneunikter qaperine almasa, elep-eskerip, jýzege asyrugha talpynbasa ne bolghany? Onda bizge ghylym ne kerek? Osylay jalghasa berse, ghylymgha júmsalghan qarjy-qarajattyng óteui qalay qaytpaq? Qazaqstanda marginaldardyng besinshi tobyndaghy bilimi men kәsiby biliktiligi boyynsha dýbәra bolyp, aralyq jaghdayda qalghandar jetip artylady.
Qazaqstannyng bilim-ghylym salasynyng taghy bir kemshiligi – qazir joghary bilimdi maman ekenin rastaytyn diplomy bar qanshama qazaqstandyq azamat ózining alghan bilimin mýldem qajet etpeytin salalarda enbek etip, jan baghuda. Onyng ýstine, jyl sayyn otandyq joghary oqu oryndaryn myndaghan student tәmamdaghanymen, olardyng da basym bóligi ózi oqyghan kәsipti iygeruge emes, nәsibine búiyrghan júmysty isteuge mәjbýr. Osy jerden kәsiptik túrghydaghy marginaldar tuyndaydy. Ne bilimdi oqyghan emes, ne bilikti maman emes, taghy bir dýbәra, әleumettik diyletant top qoghamgha top etip qosylady. «Diplommen auylgha» dep auyldaghy azyn-aulaq júmys oryndaryna jas mamandardy tartamyz dep úrandap jatqanda, auyl adamdary kerisinshe, «Diplomsyz – qalagha!» degen úranmen júmys izdep, saghym quyp qalagha qaray shúbyruda. Qaladaghy jaghday da jetisip túrghan joq. Kәsiby marginalizm qazaqstandyq qoghamnyng ótkir shyndyghy bolyp tabylady.
Jalpy, otandyq ghylymnyng damuyna túsau bolyp otyrghan problemalardy sanamalay bersek, bir maqala emes, bir jurnaldyng kólemi jetpesi anyq. Mәsele osynday kemshilikterdi tez arada týzep, Elbasymyz mejelep otyrghan ghylymy auqymy keng ekonomika qúrugha bәrimiz bel sheship atsalysuymyz qajet. Otandyq joghary bilim men ghylymnyng damuyn tejep, túsaulanghan attay adymyn ashyrmay otyrghan aramtamaq әkimshilik qúrylymdardyng sanyn qysqartyp, ghylym salasyn synarjaqtylyqtan, sholaq belsendilerding burokratiyasynan, shekten tys qaghazbastylyqtan aryltpasaq, elimizde ghylym-bilim damymaydy. Ghylymdy shyndap damytamyz desek, aldymen búl salagha kedergi jasap otyrghan problemalardy sheshuimiz kerek.

Músataev Seyilbek

Sayasy ghylymdarynyng doktory,

әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU

Sayasattanu kafedrasynyng professory

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