BAYQONYR GhARYSh AYLAGhY, POLIGONDAR JÁNE

YaDROLYQ OTYN BANKI BOYYNShA  

QAZAQ ÚLTTYQ KENESI MÁLIMDEME JASADY

Qazaqstanda 27-tamyzdan bastap Yadrolyq otyn bankining ashyluy zor alandaushylyq tughyzdy. Tabighat pen adam balasyna qauip tóndiretin, arty ýlken qasiretke әkelui mýmkin búl jobagha narazylyq bildiremiz.

Jer kólemi boyynsha әlemde 9-shy oryn alatyn Qazaqstan býginde tútastay ekologiyalyq apat aimaghyna ainaldy. 70 jyl boyy jeri men suyn ayausyz lastap, oiyna kelgenin istegen KSRO biyligi  qazaq elin Aral qasiretine úryndyryp, Soltýstik oblystardyng tyng jerlerin ekstensivti iygeru saldarynan topyraghyn jappay eroziyagha úshyratty. Qorshaghan ortany saqtaugha esh kónil bólmey, múnay men gazdy qalay bolsa solay óndiruden batys aimaqtarda auyr ekologiyalyq ahual qalyptasty. Kómir, metall, himiya, uran óndiristerining ziyandy qaldyqtary kesirinen Ortalyq jәne Shyghys Qazaqstandaghy jerlesterimiz de asa ayanyshty kýy keshude.  Semey yadrolyq poligonynda 40 jyl boyy jýrgizilgen jantýrshigerlik synaqtar saldarynan 1,5 million halyq qonystanghan alqap radiasiyalyq ulanu zardabyna dushar boldy.   

Qazaqstan 1991 jyldyng tamyzynda Semey yadrolyq poligonynyng jabyluyna qol jetkizdi. Sol kezde halqymyzdyng tarihynda osynday zúlmattyng birjolata ayaqtalghanyna, tiyisinshe Qazaq jeri búdan bylay qauipti synaqtar alany retinde bóten memleketterding oiynshyghyna ainalmaytynyna senim bolghan edi.

Alayda jerdi ayausyz qanau ýrdisi esh tolastamady. Milliondaghan gektar jer ziyandy qaldyqtardyng «molalaryna», ashyq aspannyng astyndaghy ýiindilerding mekenine ainaldy. Dәl osynday ókinishti jaghday Resey tarapy jalgha alghan Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghynda, oghan qosa alty әskery poligonda oryn alghan. Búl – Polisha syndy el aumaghyna ten. Atalghan qiyanatty  dogharudyng ornyna, onyng odan әri jalghasa beruine bar jaghdaydy jasap bergen Qazaqstandyq biylikting әreketi kimdi de bolsa alandatady. Alysqa barmay-aq, atyshuly proton zymyran tasyghyshtaryn qarastyrayyq. Resmy oryndar tasyghyshtardyng qauipsiz әri senimdi ekenin algha tartudan jalyqpaydy. Dese de, derekter mýlde ózgeshe shyndyqty aighaqtaydy.  Atap aitqanda, protonnyng otyn komponenti retinde simmetriyalyq emes diymetilgidrazin (geptil degen ataumen belgili) (CH3)2N2H2 jәne N2O4 azottyng tetraoksiydi qoldanylady. Búl qospalar soghysqa arnalghan uly zattardan asyp týsip, GOST12.1.007-76 boyynsha birinshi dәrejeli ulaghyshtargha jatady.

Bir Protondy úshyrugha ortasha eseppen 700 tonna geptil ketedi. Alayda zymyran tasyghysh  sәtti úshqannyng ózinde ol qorshaghan ortagha zor zalalyn tiygizip otyrady. Sebebi gharyshqa shyghu barysynda otynnyng barlyghy janyp ketpey, bastapqy kólemning shamamen 7-10 payyzy zymyran tasyghyshtyng qaldyqtarymen qosa qúlaydy. Demek, әr úshqan sayyn kem degende 50-70 tonna asa uly qospalar jerge, sugha, ósimdikterge, olar arqyly januarlar men adam aghzasyna týsedi degen sóz. Protonnyng úshu baghytyna kelsek, ol Qazaqstannyng jarty aumaghyn ontýstik batystan soltýstik shyghysqa qaray kesip ótip, ary qaray Tauly Altay men Sibir arqyly Tynyq múhiytqa bet alady. Nazar audararlyghy – reseylik resmy oryndardyng mәlimetinshe, Bayqonyrdan úshyrylatyn zymyrandardyng saldarynan Tauly Altay túrghyndarynyn  10 payyzynyng boyynan geptilding izderi tabylghan. Ónirding әrbir besinshi túrghyny qúrt auruyna shaldyqqan. Qazaqstanda búnday zertteuler mýlde jýrgizilmeydi, al tiyisti aqparattar tolyqtay jasyrylady.

Búl túrghyda Protonnyng «senimdi» ekendigi jayly payymdaular da bos sóz bolyp tabylady. 2001 men 2015 jyldar aralyghynda Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghynan 90 Proton úshyrylghan (eng soraqysy zymyran tasyghyshtyng osy týri tek Bayqonyrdan úshyrylady da, Reseyding óz ishinde jergilikti halyqtyng qarsy shyghuyna baylanysty olargha tyiym salynghan). Solardyn  80-i sәtti ótip, 10-y apatqa úshyraghan, yaghny әrbir 9-shy apparat qúlaghan. Búl ashyq aua men jerge kem degende 6 million tonna geptil taraghanyn bildiredi.  Arzan әri senimdiligi tómen shetel protondarynyng Bayqonyrdan әr úshyryluynan Resey 100 million dollar tabys tabady. Jeri lastanyp, halqy ulanyp otyrghan Qazaqstan Bayqonyr ýshin alatyn tólemaqysy jylyna 115 million dollar ghana.Onyng ózin Mәskeu aqshalay emes, eskirgen iyә, jaramsyz tehnika týrinde berip otyr. 

Bayqonyrdaghy bylyqtargha Resey qaruly kýshteri jalgha alyp otyrghan 6 әskery poligondy, olarda jýrgizilip jatqan ziyandy synaqtar men jarylystardy qosar bolsaq, nәubetting shyn mәnisindegi auqymy jagha ústatady. Biylghy kóktemde elimizde kiyikterding jappay qyrylghany belgili (150 mynnan astam) jәne búl apattyng ýstinen dәl sol reseylik gharyshtyq jәne әskery zymyrandar úshatyn ónirlerde oryn alghany kezdeysoqtyq emes. Nemese sóz bolyp otyrghan aimaq túrghyndarynyng arasynda onkologiyalyq, jýrek-tamyr aurularynyn, ana men bala ólimining dengeyi jalpy respublikalyq kórsetkishten әldeqayda joghary túruy, maldyng qyryluy, «úiqy derti» sekildi anomaliyalardyng jiyileui de jaydan-jay emes.

Búl azday, Qazaqstanda Yadrolyq otyn bankining (YaOB) ashyluy, jyghylghangha júdyryq bolyp tabylady. Qauipti qoyma Ýlbi metallqorytu zauytynda (ÝMZ) ornalaspaq. Biraq ol elimizge eshqanday ekonomikalyq ne qarjylyq payda әkelmeydi, óitkeni YaOB ayasynda qordalanghan materialdar týgeldey Atom quaty boyynsha halyqaralyq agenttik (MAGATE) qúzyryna jatady. Basqasha aitqanda, bizding basshylyq ýshin «búl atyng shyqpasa jer órte» degenge  kelip sayatyn әnsheyin imidjdik joba.

YaOB jayynda sóz qozghaghanda otandyq sheneunikter Qazaqstandy Shveysariyamyn salystyrugha әues. Shveysarlyqtar ghalamdyq qarjylardyng qory bolsa, bizder yadrolyq otynnyng ghalamdyq qoryna ainalamyz degendey synayda. Bolmasa da úqsap baghugha qúmar sheneunikterge búnday teneuler únamdy kóriner. Biraq yadrolyq isterge kelgende oigha damyghan elder emes, Chernobyli nemese Fukusima siyaqty mýlde óreskel mysaldar keledi. Nazar audararlyghy yadrolyq tehnologiyalardyng qyr-syryn jetik biletin keshegi KSRO men Japoniyanyng ózderi atalmysh apattardyng aldyn ala almady. Ghylymnyng asa kýrdeli osy salasynda tiyisti dayyndyghy shamaly, mamandary tapshy Qazaqstangha YaOB nendey zúlmat әkeletinin elestetu mýlde qiyn. Sony bilgendikten de әlemdegi 200-ge juyq memleketting bireui de múnday úsynysty qabyldamady.

Degenmen, biylikting YaOB boyynsha algha tartatyny – búl qauipsiz, tolyq baqylaudaghy ortalyq. YaOB qorghaushylarynyng dәiektemeleri de tang qaldyrady: Ýlbi metallqorytu zauytynda 40 jyl boyynda myndaghan tonna yadrolyq otyn óndirildi. Sondyqtan YaOB ýshin qosymsha әkelinbek 60-90 tonna tómen bayytylghan uran ainalanyng yadrolyq-radiasiyalyq jaghdayyna aitarlyqtay әser ete qoymaydy-mys. Múnday aqylsyz da jauapsyz ústanym qúrt auruyna shaldyqqan nauqasqa qosymsha uly zattardy qabyldaudy núsqaghanmen ten. 

Derek kózderine jýginer bolsaq, urandy bayytuda qoldanylatyn negizgi shiykizat urannyng geksaftoriydi óte uly jәne 53 gradusta-aq gazgha ainalatyn qospa bolyp sanalady. Atmosferada su buymen reaksiyagha týskende oghan ilespe uranilftorid pen plaviko qyshqyly syndy qaterli  zattar payda bolady. Olarmen ulanghanda birinshi kezekte adamnyng tynys joldary, býiregi, kózine núqsan keledi, jekelegen jaghdaylarda 30 tәulikting ishinde olar adam ólimine әkelui mýmkin. Al búl ulardyng taralu qarqynyna keler bolsaq, britan ghalymdarynyng esepteuinshe ólimge deyin alyp keletin mólsher taralu kózinen radiusy 32 shaqyrymdy alady. Al ÝMZ ýshin belgilengen sanitarlyq-qorghanys aumaghy – bar bolghany 1 shaqyrym.   

Kez kelgen urandy bayytudyng nәtiyjesinde radioaktivti qaldyqtar payda bolatyny әu bastan belgili. Ádette dayyn ónimning әr tonnasyna shaqqanda 10 tonna osynday ziyandy zattar qalyp otyrady. Sol sebepten olardy arnayy saqtau sharalarymen qatar qauipsiz túraqty qalypqa audaru qajet. Alayda Qazaqstanda, tipti yadrolyq tehnologiyalar salasynda әldeqayda bay tәjiriybe jinaqtaghan Reseyde onday әdistemeler әli joq. Demek, ziyandy uran qaldyqtary jyl sayyn úlghaya beretindigi, ekologiyalyq ahual odan әri ushygha týsetini anyq.

Atom-yadrolyq synaqtardyn, qyryp-jon tehnologiyalarynyng tauqymetin basynan keshirgen Qazaqstan ýshin olardy býkil әlemde bolmasa da, óz jerinde toqtatu aman qaludyng birden-bir alghysharty. Osy rette biz Qazaqstan biyligining aldynda kelesidey talaptar qoyyp, Otanymyzdyng taghdyryna beyjay qaramaytyn әr azamatty osy kókeytesti mәselelerge qoldau bildiruge shaqyramyz:

1.Geptildi paydalanatyn zymyrandardyng Qazaqstanda úshyryluyn ýzildi-kesildi toqtatudy reseylik taraptan talap etu. QR men RF arasynda Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghyn jalgha alu turaly kelisimderge osy aumaqta túryp jatqan Qazaqstan azamattarynyng qúqyqtary men mýddelerin birinshi kezekte jәne tolyqqandy qorghaytyn baptardy engizu.  

2.Qazaqstan aumaghynda  úshyrylatyn kez kelgen sheteldik zymyrangha qatysty aqparat ashyq bolsyn. Olar úshyrylatyn jәne olardyng qaldyqtary qúlaytyn jerlerde ekologiya men jergilikti túrghyndardyng densaulyghyna keltiriletin yqtimal zalaldyng mólsherin anyqtaytyn  arnayy qyzmetter júmys isteui qajet. Zymyrandar saldarynan kelensizdikterge shaldyqqan túrghyndargha memleket tiyisti emdeu, aiyqtyru, ótemaqy tóleu amaldaryn qamtamasyz etsin.

3.Qazaqstan jerinde ornalasqan barsha sheteldik әskery bazalar men poligondar jabylsyn. Qazaqstan sheteldik әskery kýshterdi ornalastyrudan adamemleket retinde jariyalansyn.

4.Asa qauipti ekeni moyyndalyp, Qazaqstanda Yadrolyq Otyn Banki júmysyn toqtatsyn. Sonday-aq elimizde atom elektr stansiyasyn salu josparynan birjolata bas tartu kerek. Búdan ýnemdelgen qarajat kýn, jel sekildi balama quat kózderin iygeruge júmsalsyn. 

5.Qorshaghan ortany lastau, oghan qanday da zalal tiygizu túrghysynan Qazaqstandaghy óndiristik oryndar týgeldey múqiyat tekseristen ótkizilsin. Onyng nәtiyjesinde belgili bolghan zang búzushylyqtargha qatysty tek aiyppúl salumen shektelmeu kerek. Jinalatyn ekologiyalyq aiyppúldardyn, olardy paydalanudyng meylinshe aiqyn da әdil boluy mindettelsin. Ayypty kәsiporyndargha ziyandy qaldyqtardy zalalsyzdandyru boyynsha halyqaralyq standarttargha ótui ýshin naqty merzimder belgilensin. Basqasha bolghanda tiyisti kәsiporyndar jabylsyn, búdan tuyndaytyn enbek újymdarynyng aldyndaghy boryshtar tútastay kәsiporyn qojayyndaryna jýktelsin.    

6.Jer men jer asty sularynyn, ózender men kólderdin, auanyng lastanuyn kórsetetin Qazaqstannyng ekologiyalyq kartasyn jasau qajet. Elimizding azamattary densaulyqtaryna qanday qauip-qater tónip túrghanyn, búnyng kimning kesirinen bolyp otyrghanyn biluge qúqyly.

7.Qazaqstandaghy ekologiyalyq  ahualdy ýnemi sholyp, baqylap, tuyndap otyrghan týitkilderdi der kezinde sheship otyru maqsatymen Ýkimet janynda memlekettik organ dengeyindegi qoghamdyq komissiya qúrylsyn. Oghan tәuelsiz ekologtar, qoghamdyq qayratkerler, ghylymy ortalardyng ókilderi jәne Qazaq últtyq kenesining mýsheleri engizilsin.      

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