AZATTYQ ÝShIN ARPALYSUDYNG ALGhAShQY KEZENI
XVI. AZATTYQ ÝShIN ARPALYSUDYNG ALGhAShQY KEZENI
Basqynshylardyng qaraqúrym әskeri ontýstik audandargha tóbeden jay týskendey basa-kóktey kirip, el-júrtty kól-kósir qayghy qasiretke dushar etken «Aqtaban shúbyryndy» tragediyasynyng alghashqy ailarynda qazaq әmirshileri qatty esengirep qalghan.
Dúshpan qazaqtardyng basty sayasy ortalyghy Týrkistan shaharyn basyp aldy. Jeniliske úshyraghan el biyleushileri qandy shayqas barysynda qalany tastap ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Astanada túratyn basqarushy elitanyng kóship ýlgermegen otbastary, solardyng ishinde agha hannyng bәibishesi, ógey sheshesi, bauyrlarynyng әielderi tútqyngha alynyp, Jonghariyanyng ishki úlystaryna әketildi. Et-jaqyndarynan airylu óz aldyna, kýlli qazaq astanasy men ólkedegi oghan japsarlas otyryqshy eldi mekenderdin basqynshy oirattardyng baqylauyna ótui el aghalaryn qatty kýizeltti. Olardyng jaugha qarsylyq kýresti úiymdastyru mýmkindikterin tómendetip, jigerlerin jasytty.
Mine osynday ahualda solardyng ishinen tez es jiyp, jaghdaydy aiqyn saralay bilgen jәne tiyisinshe maqsatty is-әreket úiymdastyra alghan jalghyz ghana túlgha qazaqtyng agha hany Ábilqayyr bahadýr boldy. Ol Aral manyndaghy ru-taypalardyng namysyn janyp, jonghar agressiyasyn qaytkende keri qaghudy kózdeytin ahual tughyzdy. Ózin sodan bir mýshelden astam uaqyt búryn han kótergen qúmdy ónirdi meken etken barshany otan qorghau isine júmyldyra aldy. Sondaghy el-júrtynyng qoldauymen qysqa merzim ishinde qazaq jәne qaraqalpaq jigitterinen jiyrma myng sarbazdan túratyn qol úiymdastyryp, jaraqtandyrdy. Áskery ónerge baulydy. Sheshimtal joryqqa dayyndady. Sosyn jer qayysqan qalyng jasaqtyng basyna ózi túryp, jaugha attandy. Biraq ontýstikti, ontýstiktegi qazaq elining bas qalasyn basyp alghan jonghargha emes, soltýstik-batystaghy qalmaq iyelikterine qaray shapty.
Bahadýr han oirattardyng eki qiyrdaghy memleketteri arasynda jýrip jatqan baylanystardyng týpki maqsatyn ne ózining týisigimen boljap, ne barlau retimen jetken týrli habarlar men derekterdi saraptau nәtiyjesinde, aldyn-ala әbden bilip alghan bolatyn. Qalmaq hany Aiykening jonghar qontayshysy bop otyrghan kýieu balasyna kómektesuge tyrysatyny kýmәnsiz edi. Edilding tómengi aghysyndaghy qalmaq pen onyng Ertisting bastauyndaghy týp tuysy jonghar aralaryn alyp jatqan qazaqty baghyndyryp aludy Boshoqtudyng sonau arnayy zandar jinaghyn qabyldap alghan zamanynan armandaytyn. Sevan Ravdannyng balalary ot-qaruly ýlken armiyasymen tútqiyldan basyp kirip, qazaq elin qansyratqan qazirgi jaghday kókeylerin tesken sol armandaryn jýzege asyrugha әbden qolayly sәt tughyzghan. Jonghardyng ontýstiktegi jenisin bayandy ete týsu ýshin teristikten qalmaqtyng shabuyldauy ghana qalghan. Ashyq dúshpanymen betpe-bet kelgen qazaqtyng tu syrtynan әne-mine soqqy berui yqtimal edi. Ábilqayyr han sonyng aldyn alugha úmtylghan.
Ol qatelespegen edi. Qyz berip, qyz alysyp túrghan búl eki handyqtyng әmirshileri arasynda jekjattyq alys-beris, әngime-súqbattar astarymen 1640 jyly barlyq oirat túqymdary qúryp túrghan handyqtardyng ókilderi qabyldaghan zannamalyq «Iky Saadjin Bichiyk» qújaty sóz bolatyn. Sonda negizdelgen úly jospar eske alynyp túratyn. Sol boyynsha әskeriy-sayasy odaq qúru mәselesi qaralyp jýrgen. Al 1723 jyly kóktemgi sәtti soghys sony tiyanaqtaudy kýn tәrtibine shyghardy da, Sevan Ravdan Aikege arnayy jaushy jiberip, qazaqtargha qarsy birlesip әskery qimyl jýrgizudi úsyndy. Ony Aike han yqylaspen qabyl aldy. Izinshe orys patshalyghyna da qolaysyzdyq tughyzyp jýrgen qazaqtargha qarsy joryq jasau ýshin ýkimetten ózine ot-qaruly jasaq bóluin ótingen. Alayda jongharlardyng qazaq jerindegi әskery jenisinen habardar reseylik biylik onyng búl soghysqa aralasuyn qoshtamady. Sebebi Resey ýshin eki qiyrdaghy oirattyng tútasyp kýshenginen góri olardyng arasynda derbes kýsh retinde qazaqtardyng saqtala túruy tiyimdi-tin. Ótken jyly ghana Úly Petr qazaq dalasynyng ózderin shyghys elderine shygharatyn qaqpa ekenin, ony paydalaryna asyru qajettigin aitqan. Eger sol qaqpa zengorlardyng qolastyna týsse – orys ýshin jabylghanmen parapar edi. Sebebi sol shamada Sevan Ravdan ordasynan oralghan Unkovskiy onyng orys bodandyghyn qabyldamaytynyn, kytaymen shekarasyna qamaldar da salghyzbaytynyn jetkizgen. Demek, Aykening Sevan Ravdangha qosyluyna jol beruge bolmaydy. Sondyqtan da oghan búl soghysqa aralaspaghany jón degen sypayy kenes berildi. Alayda qalmaq hany bәribir alghashqy niyetinen bastarta qoymaghan, óitkeni ol qazirgi jonghar soqqysynan qansyrap jatqan qazaq elin orystyng kómeginsiz-aq jaulap alatyn kýsh ózinde de bar dep biletin. Oirattardyng qanqúily basqynshylyghy úshyratqan «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlama» jaghdayynda ol, shynynda, Qazaq handyghyna eleuli qauip tóndirip túrghan. Osyny aiqyn ajyratqan Ábilqayyr han jedel de úshqyr jasaqtarymen Syrdyng orta aghysy túsynan Edil qalmaqtaryna qaray shúghyl attanghan edi.
Qazaq hanynyng ýlken qolmen Jayyqqa qaray jasaghan sheshimdi joryghy qalmaq әmirshilerin әbigerge saldy. Olar bitim jasau jolyn izdep, Ábilqayyrdyng aldynan elshi attandyrady. Alayda Aykening senimdi ókiline Ábilqayyr «qalmaqtar men orystargha qarsy soghysugha kele jatqany, jasaghynda qyryq myng sarbazy bary» jayynda ymyrasyz mәlimdemesin jariya etedi. Sonda, imperiyanyng týstiktegi qalqanynyng jaghdayy mýshkildigin paryqtaghan Astrahan gubernatory Ayke hangha kómekke artilleriya komandasy men alty eskadron soldat jiberedi. Biraq onysy ahualdy jaqsarta almaydy. Ábilqayyr hannyng iri әskery kýshi Jayyqqa jetken bette qarsy shyqqan qalmaqtardy alghashqy shayqasta-aq tas-talqan jenedi de, teristikke qaray terendey beredi. Qazaq jasaqtary jenisti sherulerin jalghastyra týsedi. Patsha ýkimeti sol jyldyng sonyna qaray Aykege «imperator úlylyghy mәrtebesimen araylanghan bizding qalalarymyz ben sening – bizding bodanymyzdyng úlystaryna kele jatqan» qazaqtar men qaraqalpaqtargha tosqauyl qoyyp, «qalalarymyz ben ýiezderimizdi talan-tarajgha týsiruge jol bermeudi» tapsyrady. Áriyne, tiyisti әskery jәrdemi de bolady. Nәtiyjesinde, qalmaqtardyng birikken әskerleri qazaqtardyng Jayyq boyyn týgel tazalaugha bet alghan qozghalysyn toqtatady.
1723 jyldan 1724 jylgha qarayghy qys ailarynda eleuli әskery qimyl jasalghan joq, biraq, kóktem kele (1724 jylghy aqpanda Aike han dýnie salady), Ábilqayyr bahadýr men onyng Eset jәne basqa da batyrlary bastaghan jasaqtar Edil qalmaqtaryna shabuyldaryn janghyrtty. Qalmaqtar Eset batyrdyng jasaghyn patsha ókimeti bergen zenbirekterden atqylay otyryp jendi. Sodan keyin Ábilqayyr hannyng batyrlary qalmaq-orys jerine odan әri joryq jasauyn doghardy. Degenmen, eki jyl boyy oryn alyp túrghan irili-úsaqty әskery qaqtyghystar óz jemisin berdi.1724 jyldyng ortasyna qaray qalmaq handyghy búdan әri qazaq eline búrynghyday qater tóndiruge qauqary jetpeytin kýige týsken edi.
Osylay, soltýstik-batys aimaqqa jasaghan joryghy nәtiyjesinde Ábilqayyr han elding teristik jaqtaghy shekarasyn qauipsizdendirip aldy da, shapshang qimyldap daghdylanghan jauynger jasaqtaryn birden Týrkistan qalasy baghytyna búrdy. Úzaq sherude jolshybay kezikken jonghardyng alghy sheptegi beketterin búzyp-jara úrys salyp, kýzde Týrkistangha jetti. Jau qolyndaghy qalagha birden tikeley shturm jasap, tez azat etti. Qazaq әskerining quatty shabuyly barysynda jonghar qontayshysynyng balasy, tәjiriybeli qolbasshy Lauzan Shono qalany tastay qashyp, Qaratau qoynauyna sheginuge mәjbýr boldy. Al Ábilqayyr qazaq astanasyn bosatysymen, jenisti sheruin kýlli ónirde jalghastyrdy. Qaharman sarbazdarymen Tashkentti jәne sol aimaqtaghy dúshpan basyp alghan ózge de qalalardy týgel azat etip, jarty jyldan astam óz qarauynda ústap túrdy.
(Aqtóbe qalasyndaghy bahadýr han Ábilqayyr eskertkishi)
Alayda qazaq jerindegi jonghar әskerine kóp úzamay qosymsha kýsh kelip qosylghan. Sóitip ólkede basqynshy kýshi basymdyq etken. Sol sebepti, birqatar qantógisti shayqastardan son, 1725 jyldyng kókteminde Ábilqayyr bahadýr búl aimaqty tastap ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Batyrlarymen birge әueli Búhara handyghy aumaghyna, odan teristikke qaray auysty. Ol sheginisimen, Syr boyy qalalaryn, Jetisudy jyldam jongharlar basyp aldy. Úly jýz biyleushisi Jolbarys hannyng iyeliginde esepteletin ólke Sevan Ravdan qontayshynyng qolastyna qaytadan týsti. Qazaqtyng Úly jýzining halqy mekendeytin aimaq tәueldilik jaghdayda, jonghar noyondarynyng baqylauynda qaldy.
Búl shaqta teristiktegi jer-su qatynastary taghy da shiyelenisken edi. Soghan baylanysty Ábilqayyr han 1726 jyly Orta jýz hany Sәmekemen birlesip, on myng jigitten qúralghan qaruly jasaqpen jana joryqqa attandy. Qalmaq tayshylaryn úlystarymen Jayyq boyynan kýshpen quugha tyrysty (jalpy, Ábilqayyr bahadýr qyryq jylgha tarta uaqytqa sozylghan jauyngerlik, qolbasylyq, el biyleushilik qyzmetinde qazaq memleketining teristik-batys shegin qorghauda jan ayamay shayqasqan, orys patshasy ókimetine «qazaqtar Jayyqtan suy sarqylghansha aiyrylmaydy» dep, esh búljymay, tabandy týrde әlimdegen kýresker). Jayyqtyng sol jaghalauynda qazaq әskeri jenisti úrystar jýrgizgen edi, alayda ong jaghalauda sany da basym, qaru-jaraghy da ozyq qalmaqtardyng ýsh jaqtan shýilikken shabuyly astynda qaldy. Qorshaugha týsken qazaq jasaqtary tórt kýn boyy jan alyp, jan berise shayqasty. Aqyry jaghdaymen sanasugha tura keldi. Kelissózder jýrgizilip, qos tarap ózara bitimge kelisti. Ábilqayyr han qalmaq jaghyna amanatqa Tama Eset batyr, Tabyn Bókenbay batyr bastaghan ondaghan sarbazyn berdi. Ras, bitim aldaghy uaqyttarda eki jaqtan da әlsin-әlsin búzylyp túrady, kiykiljindi retteu ýshin odan keyingi jyldarda Sәmeke han qalmaqtarmen jana kelisimder jasaydy. Degenmen, taraptardyng búdan bylay shekara búzbay, beybit qatar ómir sýru jayynda qol jetkizgen alghashqy uaghdalastyghy arqasynda qazaq әmirshileri sol shaqtaghy jalpy el jaghdayyna naqtyraq kónil bóluge mýmkindik aldy.
XVII. OTAN QORGhAUGhA BÝKIL HALYQTY JÚMYLDYRU
Ábilqayyr bahadýr qalmaqtarmen eki arada 1726 jylghy kelisimge qol jetkizisimen, Jayyq aimaghyndaghy әskeriy-sayasy qyzmetin ontýstikti jaylap alghan basqynshy jongharlargha qarsy kýresu mәselesine audardy.
Sevan Rabdannyng qolbasshy úldary bastaghan jonghar әskerining 1723 jylghy qanqúily shapqynshylyghy ekpinine Ábilqayyr hannyng tótep bere almaghanyn eske týsirdi. Keskilesken shayqas barysynda kýlli ontýstik jazirany qazaq elining astanasy Týrkistanmen, sol ónirdegi barsha qalalarymen jau qolyna qaldyrugha mәjbýr bolghanyn, jasaghynyng aman qalghan bóligimen Qaraqúm aumaghyna auysqanyn eske týsirdi. Sol aimaqtaghy jigitterden jana qol qúryp, teristik-batysqa attanghanyn oiyna aldy. Qansyrap jatqan qazaq elin teristikten shabugha dayyndalghan, sonysymen ontýstik aimaqty basyp alghan jonghar basqynshylarymen tútasuy yqtimal qalmaq shabuylynyng aldyn alghanyn oilady. Sol әskery sharasynan keyin, 1724 jyly Úly dalany týstik-shyghys baghytynda úshqyr jasaghymen kóktey kesip ótkenin, jolda beket salyp tastaghan jongharlarmen qiyan-keski úrys sala otyryp ontýstik aimaqqa jaryp kirgenin esine aldy. Ol bir qaharmandyqqa túnghan shaq edi. Agha han bolghaly ordasy tórt qys tórinde ornalasqan qazaq astanasyn jauynger jasaqtarymen sonda jaudan birden tazartqan. Ólkening astana ainalasyndaghy basqynshy ayaghy astynda qalghan ózge qalalaryn, barsha jer-sudy, úzyn sany otyz eki úlysty azat etken. Biraq aimaqtaghy osynau jenimpaz sheruin, ónirdi qaytaryp alghan qandy shayqastardyng saltanatty nәtiyjesin bayandy ete almady. Alty-jeti aidan keyin, 1725 jyly aimaqty qayta tastap ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Solardy eske týsirip saralay kele, ordasy ornalasqan Týrkistan shaharyn, kýlli qazaq jer-suyn azat etken qalpy túraqty ústap túra almauynyng sebebin izdedi. Sol sebepti jong jolyn paryqtady.
«Aqtaban shúbyryndy» saldarynan qalyptasqan jaghdayda eldi, jer-sudy saqtau jәne qorghaugha baylanysty ózining tarihy missiyasyn Ábilqayyr han adal atqaryp kele jatqan. Qaramaghyndaghy әskery kýshting jaujýrektiginde, soghysu ónerine jaqsy mashyqtanghanynda, ondyq, jýzdik, myndyq toptardan jasaqtalghan qúrylymynyng ýilese әreket ete alghanynda kýmәni joq. Ol jauynger sarbazdary men sardarlaryna kinә arta almaydy. Solarmen birge sauyt sheshpey, attan týspey, jalpaq qazaq dalasyn teristik-batysy men ontýstik-shyghysy aralyghynda әrili-berili kóktey ótip әldeneshe әskery joryqtar jasaghan. Sol jenisti joryqtary barysynda el-júrtqa ózining agha han mәrtebesin is jýzinde moyyndatqan. Endi ol qazaq memleketining basshysy, agha hany retinde, eldi jaudan tútastay azat etu sharasyn jasaugha tiyis bolatyn. Al búl sharany jýzege asyrudyng kilti dýley basqynshygha qarsy býkil halyqty kóterude jatyr edi. Jenisterin bayandy ete almauynyng sebebi men syry sol kiltti ózining jәne ózimen qosa barsha әmirshilerding uaqytynda dúrys paydalana almaghandyqtarynda jatqan.
Demek, jaugha qarsy bir jaghadan bas, bir jennen qol shygharyp shayqasu mәselesin túnghysh ret halyq ortasyna salghan, ózin aq kiyizge otyrghyzyp han kótergen 1710 jylghy Qaraqúm qúryltayy ispetti jana basqosu úiymdastyru kezek kýttirmeytin shara bolugha kerek. Agha hannyng múnday kózqarasyn batys pen soltýstiktegi jer-su kiykiljinderin ózimen birge sheshuge atsalysyp jýrgen Sәmeke han birden qoldaydy. Alayda Qazaq handyghynyng ontýstik aumaghy jәne Jetisu ólkesi tolyghymen jongharlar qolastynda jatqan. Sol basqynshy әkimshilikke bodan retinde týrli alym-salyghyn berip, Tashkent syndy shaharda tәueldilik ahualda kýn kórip otyrghan Úly jýz biyleushisi Jolbarys hangha osy toqtamdy tez jetkizu kerek. Ábilqayyr bahadýr han bekem sheshim jasady. Jalghyz oghan emes, eng aldymen eldegi jýzder biylerine (ordabiylerge), aimaqtardaghy barlyq bi, batyr, rubasy, bas adamdargha jәne aqsaqaldargha shúghyl týrde jaushylar attandyryldy...
Ábilqayyr bahadýr elding agha hany lauazymymen qazaq astanasy Týrkistangha ornyqqanynda, batys ólkedegi Kishi jýzge qarasty el-júrt ishinen kóp auyl onyng ordasymen birge sol aumaqqa kóship kelip qonystanghan. Jaz ailarynda agha hannyng kóshpeli ordasy solardyng arasyna – Arys suynyng salasy Badam ózenining alqabyna tigiletin. Sol sebepti de sondaghy Ordabasy atalatyn jerdi 1710 jyldan keyingi jana býkilhalyqtyq qúryltay ótetin oryn etip belgiledi. Sóitip, Ábilqayyrdyng jazghy stavkasy qonys teuip jýrgen Ordabasy biyiginde 18-shi ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyreginen óte bere, 1726 jylghy qara kýzde, basqynshy jonghargha qarsy kýrespek halyqtyng ahlaqy ruhyn nyghaytqan, tiyisinshe, otan soghysyn jeniske jetkizu ýshin ýsh jýzding birikken qolyn qúrugha bekem baylam jasaghan әigili mәjilis ótti. Tәuelsiz elimizding ýkimeti kýlli júrtshylyq ókilderin 20-shy ghasyrdyng songhy onjyldyghynda sonda jinap, jaudan qorghanuda el birligining manyzdy ról atqarghanyn saltanatpen atap ótti. Al 21-shi ghasyrdyng basynda Ordabasy shoqysynyng úshar basyna aq mәrmәrmen qaptalghan ýsh qyrly biyik eskertkish múnara túrghyzyldy (surette). Ýsh qyryndaghy arnayy taqtalarda ataqty ýsh biyimizding barshany sýisintetin qanatty sózderi jazyldy...
Qazaq halqynyng basqynshygha qarsy sheshimdi týrde otan soghysyna shyghuyna baylanysty Tóle bi, Qazybek bi, Áyteke by syndy ýsh úly biyimizding esimderi erekshe qúrmetpen aitylatyny mәlim. Olar barlyq qazaq ru-taypalaryn jongharlargha qarsy biriktiru mәselesin qarau ýshin Ordabasy qúryltayyn shaqyrdy delinedi. Qalyng búqaramen tyghyz baylanysta boludyng joly retinde, biylikke qara qazaq ókilderin tartu qajettigi Esim hannyng kezinen bastap moyyndalghany belgili. Onyng «Eski jol» atalghan zannamasynyng týpki mәni de sol bolatyn. Sony basshylyqqa alghan Tәuke hannyng túsynda belgili biyler eldi basqaru jәne zandardy sonau «Esim hannyng Eski joly» ýlgisimen jetildiru júmystaryna belsene qatystyryldy. Áygili «Jeti jarghy» osy ýsh jýz biylerining belsene atsalysuymen qabyldanghan. Mine solar el basyna kýn tughan kýrdeli tarihy kezende jonghar shapqynshylyghyna el bop birigip qarsy túru úranyn kóterdi. El sanasyna solay singen. Úly jýzdegi on bir taypany, Orta jýzdegi alty taypany, Kishi jýzdegi jiyrma bes taypany biriktiretin ýsh taypalyq odaqty ortaq mýddege úiystyrudaghy búl asa kórnekti túlghalarymyzdyng enbegin joghary baghalay otyryp, olardyng úly kenesti ótkizude bas әmirshining bastamasyna say solay әreket etkenin әdilettilik túrghysynan qisyndy kóretinimizdi biz jasyrmaymyz. 18-shi ghasyrda sodan búrynghy kezderdegidey daghdymen, býkilhalyqtyq mәjilister men kenester asa joghary dәrejeli biyleushilerding ordalarynda jýrgizilip jýrgenin tarihshylar moyyndaydy. Múnday jiyndardaghy biylerding sózi qashanda ótimdi keletin, biyler ózge shonjarlardan әrdayym basym týsetin. Esim han zamanynan beri han biyligining ózi sol biyler kenesining sheshimine tәueldi bolatyn.
«Aqtaban shúbyryndy» qasireti kezinde әsker bastap qazaq elining teristigine de, týstigine de azattyq joryqtaryn jasaghan Ábilqayyr hannyng azattyq jolyndaghy kýresti óristetu ýshin kýlli el azamattaryn biriktirudi kózdegende, osynau ataqty biylerding kómegine sýiengeni tarihy shyndyqqa әbden say keledi. Jýzderding handary, jekelegen ru-taypalar men qalalardy basqaratyn kishi handar, súltandar, rubasylar, aimaqtardaghy biyler, aqsaqaldar, ózge de bas adamdar jәne, әriyne, batyrlar bas qosqan qúryltay basqynshydan otandy azat etu ýshin jalpaq el ishinen birikken qol jiidy birauyzdan qoldady. Qazaq birikken әskerining bas qolbasshysy mindetin agha han Ábilqayyr bahadýrge jýktedi.
Qazirgi qalyptasqan kózqaras boyynsha – qúryltay Kishi jýz hany Ábilqayyrdy agha han lauazymyna emes, bas qolbasshy etip qana saylady delinedi. Múnday kózqarastaghylar qazaqtyng búl kezdegi agha hany Bolat han bolatyn dep sanaydy. Alayda bayypty ghylymy zertteuler Bolat hannyn, birinshiden, agha han emes, Orta jýz hany bolghanyn, ekinshiden, ol «Aqtaban shúbyryndy» bastalghanda dýnie salghanyn aitady. Demek, Bas qolbasshy retinde tandalghan Ábilqayyr bahadýrdi Ordabasy qúryltayynda agha han mәrtebesine saylaudyng qajeti joq edi, ol búl mәrtebege Tәuke hannyng izbasary Qayyp han qaza tapqannan beri, 1719 jyldan ie bolatyn. 1724 jyldan Orta jýz hany Sәmeke men 1720 jyldan Úly jýz hany Jolbarys ony ózderinen barlyq jaghynan joghary bolghandyqtan da moyyndaghan, kóne meritokratiyalyq tәrtipti basshylyqqa alghan biyler kenesin qoldaghan, osylaysha ol jeti jyldan beri agha han sanalatyn. Eger búl bastapqy kezende zaty emes, tek aty ghana bar lauazym sanalsa, sondyqtan da ony júrt tek Kishi jýz hany dep qana qabyldaghan bolsa da, jonghardyng joyqyn shapqynshylyghynan bermengi kýlli qazaq dalasyn sharlap kórsetken jauyngerlik, qolbasylyq enbegi men erligi onyng is jýzinde agha han ekenin dәleldegen edi. Qazaq handyghynda taqta otyrghan әmirshi әdette әskerding de bas qolbasshysy bolatyn, demek, Ábilqayyrgha bas qolbasshylyqty beru onyng agha han ekenin moyyndaghandyqtan, el ýshin janyn otqa da, sugha da salghan janqiyarlyghyn baghalaghandyqtan jasalghan shara. 1710 jylghy Qaraqúm qúryltayynda da, 1726 jylghy Ordabasy qúryltayynda da ol ózine kórsetilgen senimdi aqtap, han dәrejesi mindetteytin qolbasylyqty adal atqardy.
Ábilqayyr han ýsh jýzden jinalghan әigili batyrlarmen әskery kenes ótkizip, shúghyl sarbaz jinau, olardy soghys ónerine tezdetip ýiretu, sosyn eldi birtindep dúshpan ezgisinen azat etu josparyn qúrdy. Birinshi kezekte byltyrghy jenisti sheruden keyin qaytadan jau qolynda qalghan astanadan bastap aimaqtaghy barlyq qalalardy jonghar biyliginen qútqaru mәselesi kýn tәrtibine shyqty. «Ýlken orda qonghan», «Kishi orda qonghan» degen jer ataulary Ábilqayyr bahadýr han men onyng kómekshilerining sol kezdegi azattyq soghysyn basqarghanda әreket etken ortalyqtaryn anghartsa kerek. Birikken qazaq armiyasy atalmysh ordalarda jasalghan soghys josparlaryna say úrystar jýrgizip, ontýstiktegi qalalardy birinen song birin azat ete bastady...
Redaksiyadan: Jogharydaghy taraular jazushy, tarihshy, kósemsózshi Beybit Qoyshybaevtyn "Qazaq memleketi tarihyna kózqaras" atty enbeginen jalghasty týrde alynyp otyrghyn eskertemiz. Basy myna siltemelerde: http://abai.kz/post/view?id=4553; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=4554; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=4579; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=5256;http://abai.kz/post/view?id=5335; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=5370; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=5371; http://abai.kz/post/view?id=5469.
(Jalghasy bar)
Beybit Qoyshybaev
Abai.kz