NÚH PAYGhAMBARDYNG RUY KIM? ( jalghasy)
(Jalghasy. Basy myna siltemede: Núh payghambardyng ruy kim?)
Redaksiyadan:
El ishinde tarih ghylymynyng zandylyqtaryna, erejesine baghynbaytyn taghy bir «tariyh» bar. Ol – anyz-әngimelerdi, kóne jyrlardy, jer-su, adam attaryn paydalanyp, sony negizgi argument retinde kórsetip, ony әrtýrli últtar men úlystardyng tarihyndaghy ataularmen baylanystyra otyryp, maqsat etken taqyrypty neghúrlym terendetip, ru-taypa shejiresin dýnie bastauyna deyin jetkizu. Múnday «tariyh» qazaq ishinde bayaghydan aitylyp, jazylyp kele jatqan nәrse. Oghan toqtau joq. Taghy bir qyzyghy, búl dýniyelerge qyzyghushy, oqushy adamdar kóp bolady. Sondyqtan, Múhametkәrim Qojyrbayúly esimdi azamattyng jibergen kólemdi materialyn oqyrman nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.
Maqalagha qatysty aitarynyz, alyp-qosarynyz bolsa, bizge joldanyz.
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Úly jýz rularynyng ishinde Jalayyr noqta aghasy, eng ýlkeni, qúrmettisi jәne jauyngeri bolyp esepteledi. Jalayyrlardyng jauyngerligi jayynda «Ázireyil barda janym bar deme, Jalayyr barda malym bar deme» degen qazaqtyng halyq mәteli bar. Jalayyrlar Aqarystyng (Agha arystyn) noqta aghasy bolyp esepteledi. Jiyn-toyda, tabaq tartqanda rulardyng ýlkeni Jalayyr bar ma dep súralady. Jalayyrlar joq bolsa, qúrmetke Oshaqty ruy ie bolady. Ádeby derekter men qazaq shejiresine sәikes, jalayyrlar Syrmanaq, Shumanaq jәne Birmanaq bolyp bólinedi.
Osy Qosaylardyng Manqystaulyq Qosaylar men týbi bir ekendigin, yaghny olarda óz tegin Manqystaulyq Qosaylardan alatynyn Birmanaq degen atauynan da anyq kóre alamyz. Birmanaq – birikken sóz.
Bi, ir (iri) – eng alghash tili shyghyp úly (iri) by atanghan el. Qaz Adaydyng «Til tanbaly Aday» atanatyny osy.
Man — Man ata, Adam ata úrpaqtarynyng topan sudan keyingi jalghasy, yaghny Núq payghambar qauymy. Manghystau sol Mandardyng qystauy, yaghny túraqty mekeni.
Aq — Aq Man (Aqiqat) degen sózderden túrady. Aqiqat degen úghymymyzdyng sóz týbirinin, Qazaq Atamyzdyng esimining ekinshi buynynyng da «Aq» bolatyny osy. Aqiqat úghymy Manqystauda dýniyege kelgen. Búl úghymnyng avtory da Qaz Adaylar, shejire tilimen aitqanda Adaydyng nemeresi Aqpandar (Aq Man úldary). Aqiqattyng ekinshi balama atauy Ádiletting de sóz týbiri Ád (Ad). Búl Manqystaulyqtardyng avtorlyq qúqyghy, búl tújyrymnan «sanasynda sanlauy bar» qazaq azamattary eshqayda qashyp kete almaydy.
Al, «Jalayyrdyng býkil rulary keyin týriktenip ketken monghol tektes degenge iytermeleydi» deytinderine kelsek, jalayyrlardyng mongholdanyp ketken eshtenesi joq, kerisinshe mongholdardyng (múnaldardyn) ózining tegi qazaq ekenin baghamdasang jetip jatyr. Sonda sanasynda sanlauy bar býkil qazaq balasyn tolghandyrghan birde-bir súraq jauapsyz qalmaydy.
«Qarqaraly uezinde Kerey taypasynyng ekinshi iri atalary Abaq kereyler mekendedi. Uezde búl atalardyng ókilderinen Jastaban ruy men onyn Qosay, Beknazar degen atalary qonystandy. Búl atalar uezding shyghys jaghynda Shynghys jotasynan soltýstik-shyghysqa qaray, Ashysu men Shaghan ózenderining arasyna ornalasqan Shúbartau jazyghyn, Baqanas ózenining boyyn meken etken.
Qosay — Núraly, Sarybay, Malmyr, Qasa atalarynan túrady; Beknazar — Shoqantay, Qojakeldi, Maldybay, Mojaq atalargha bolinedi. Qosaylarda 1477 qojalyq, al Beknazarlarda 1098 sharuashylyq bolyp, olar Degelen, Baqanas bolystaryna birikti. Búl atalardyng shaghyn toptary Núra, Jarly ozenderining aralyghyna (uezding soltýstiginde) qonystandy. Zaysan uezinde Kendirlik bolysynyng kópshiligi abaq kereyler boldy. Bolys shyghysynda Qytaymen shektesip jatty; onyng (bolystyn) soltýstik shekarasy Qaratal jәne Jemeney ózenderinin, batysynda Ýidepe ózenining boyymen, onyng aghysyn boylap joghary qaray Sauyr jotasyna deyin bardy, ontýstik shekarasy Sauyr jotasymen ótti. (Ensiklopediyalyq mәlimetten).
Nayman (Janarys, Orta jýz) shejiresinde Ergenekti Uaqtan – Jusan, odan Qaraqyz, odan Sәtbek, odan Bidaly, odan Qúdayqúl, odan Andaghúl, odan Qosay bolyp taratylady. Naymandardyng tegining Manqystaulyq ekendigin de osy sózding ózinen tabamyz. Nayman – Nay Mannyng úrpaghy.
Qypshaqtan (Orta jýz, Janarys) – Tary – Qitaba – Edil – Shoghal – Bessary –Qara – Qayypberli — Qosay bolyp taratylady.
Shejire boyynsha Álmәmbet (Kete, Álim, Bekarys, Kishi jýz) Aydarmen birge Baghaddenning Aqqoshqar atty úlynan taraydy. Álmәmbetten—Túrsyn, Baubek, Amanqara, Janatughan, Ebeski, Saly, Eset, sosyn Qazybek atty úldar dýniyege kelip olardyng bәri ózderi attas rulyq bólimge týp ata bolady. Ári qaray Janatughannan—Shórke. Al Ebeskiden-Altay, Qúttyghay, Júldyz atty ýsh úl tuylghan. Osy ýsh úl — ýsh bólimge bastau bolghan. Altay batyrdyng attary Ájibay biymen birge 18 ghasyrdaghy orys derekterinde jii kezdesedi. Altay batyrdan—Esey, Qosay, Núrlybay, Narynbay, Barlybay bolyp taratylady.
Áygili Bóltirik (Álmenúly) sheshenning shyqqan tegi Úly jýz — Ysty. Shejire deregi boyynsha Ystydan órbigen bir ata Oiyqtan Qyzylqúrt, Zorbay (Auyzýsigen), Orbay (Kókshekóz), Sәtek tughan. Osy tórt bútaqtyng Zorbayynan Bәigeldi, odan Qosay, odan Malay, odan Sýiindik, odan Ótegen, odan Sabdaly, odan Álmen, odan Bóltirik tuady.
Sary — qonyrat taypasynyng jetimder ruynyng bir tarmaghy. Sarydan qúba, tebey, qosay, baraq, ersimbet, súlu, qúl, bógembay, kenjeqara, qyra, begen, qara atalary ósip-óngen.
Orta jýz (Janarys) qúramyndaghy Uaqtardyng kóptegen úrpaqtary ózderin Erqosaydan taratady. Uaq: Betke · Erqosay · Qaldybatyr · Janteli · Baymen · Toqtamys · Sarman · Ergenshi bolyp taratylady.
Búl tizimdi әli de ary qaray jalghasyryp kete beruge bolar edi. Onyng bizge qajeti de joq. Sebebi, Qosay esimdi ru (el) tek qana qazaqtyng emes, әlemning barlyq elderi men ýlken rular men taypalar birlestikterining bәrining de qúramynda bar. Demek, eldi elge qosyp, әr bir bólek shyqqan rular men elderge ong batasyn berip otyrghandar osy Qosay agha úrpaqtary. Qosaylar ózge qazaqtargha Ata, bizde olar Agha delinedi. Qazaqtyng ýige kirer esigining eki qaptalyn bosagha deytinderi osy. Qosaylar jýrgen jerde el bolyp úiysu, shynayy adamy qasiyet, auyzbirlik, baq pen bereke bar. Qazaqtyng alys sapargha shyqsang (Qosaydan joldasyng bolsa, jolyng bolady», nemese keleli is bastarda Qosay ata úrpaghynan bata alyp bastaytyndary osy. Osy degen sózding týbirining Os bolatyny da osy.
Osy úly qaghidany býkil әlemge bastap bergen Os (Osh), Qos, Qosay atty atamyz ben anamyzgha jәne sol izdi jalghastyryp kele jatqan býgingi úrpaqtary Qosaylargha býkil әlem qaryzdar.
Ýsh sany (qos, egiz, júp+ay) Qosay atamyzdyng sandyq atauy, ol qazaqta kiyeli de, qasiyetti sanalady. Basyn ashyp keteyin, kiyeli sanalatyn ýsh sanynyng sandyq atauy emes, Qosay atamyzdyng ózi. Qazaqtyng kiyeli sandarynyng bәrining maghynasy osynday. Búl kýmәngha da, daugha da jatpaydy. Adam balasy dýniyege keledi, óledi, ólgesin úmyt bolady. Tek eki adam ghana mәngi ólmeydi: birinshisi elin jaqsylyqqa jaqyndatqan adam, ekinshisi elin sorlatqan adam.
Qosay atamyz úrpaqtaryna tómendegidey tújyrymdar men ósiyetter qaldyrdy:
— Ýsh jýz — Úly jýz, Orta jýz jәne Kishi jýz.
— Ýsh júrt – Aghayyn júrt, Naghashy júrt, Qayyn júrt.
— Ýsh baylyq: birinshi densaulyq, ekinshi aqjaulyq, ýshinshi qoradaghy on saulyq.
— Ýsh by – Ýisin Tóle bi, Arghyn Qazdauysty Qazybek bi, Alshyn Áyteke biy.
— Ýsh qat – Jogharghy qat (aspan), Orta qat (jer ýsti), Tómengi qat (jer asty).
— Ýsh quat – Aqyl quat, Jýrek quat, Til quat.
— Ýsh ghayyp – Ajal ghayyp, Qonaq ghayyp, Nesibe ghayyp.
— Ýsh dauasyz – Minez, Kәrilik, Ajal.
— Ýsh qadirli – Yrys, Baq, Dәulet.
— Ýsh qadirsiz – Jastyq shaq, Densaulyq, Jaqsy jar.
— Ýsh tәtti – Jan tәtti. Mal tәtti. Jar tәtti.
— Ýsh aqiqat – qymbaty shyndyq, arzany ótirik, dauasyzy kәrilik.
— Ýsh quanysh – alghys alu, ózindi kópting izdeui, isinning óshpeui.
— Ýsh biyik – biylik, dәulet, danalyq.
— Ýsh asyl – kóz, til, kónil.
— Ýsh qasiyet — Ólide aruaq, malda kiye, asta kepiyet.
— Ýsh taghylym – meyirimnen sauap, jaqsylyqtan sharapat, jamandyqtan kesapat.
— Ýsh toqtam – aqyl arqan, oy óris, adam qazyq.
— Ýsh arsyz – Úiqy arsyz, Tamaq arsyz, Kýlki arsyz.
— Ýsh jamandyq – Naqaq qan tógu. Kisi malyn naqaq alu. Ata-babadan qalghan eski júrtty búzu.
— Ýsh túl – Qayratsyz ashu túl. Túrlausyz ghashyq túl. Shәkirtsiz ghalym túl.
— Ýsh apat – Ghalymdar men qariyalardy syilamau. Ókimetti syilamau. Asty ysyrap etu.
— Ýsh kemdik – nadandyq, erinshektik, zúlymdyq.
— Ýsh kedeylik – kejirlik, erinshektik, úiqy.
— Ýsh jaman – jaman at, jaman qatyn, jaman kórshi.
Endi osylardyng ýstine úrpaqtaryn býkil әlemge taratqan Qosay Núqtyng — Ham, Sam, Iapes degen ýsh úlyn qosynyz.
Atadan qalghan úly jol býgingi Qosaylargha amanat!
«Saq dep atalatyn taypalardyng әrqasysynyng óz aldyna hany bolghan. Handardyng әmiri kýshti edi, han qaza bolsa, onyng óligin arbagha salyp el aralatqan» — deydi. («Qazaqtyng kóne tarihy» Almaty 1993. 52-53 better). Tarihtan belgilisi «saq» atalghan halyq (b.j.s. deyingi 7-4 ghasyrlarda) qazirgi Aral, Syrdariya, Qaratau, Alatau, Talas, Shu, Ile, Tarbaghatay, Pamiyr-Altay, Balqash, Kaspiy, Jem, Jayyq, yaghny qazirgi qazaq eli aimaghynda qonystanghan. Olardy «tigra hauda saqtary» (shoshaq tóbeli tymaq kiyetin saqtar» dep ataghan. Qazaq halqy da kýngi keshege deyin ózderin «shoshaq tóbeli qazaqpyz» dep ataghan.
Osy jerde olar ózderin nege Shoshaq bóriktiler dep atady degen súraqtyng óz-ózinen tuyndap túrghany anyq. Ony anyqtau ýshin taghy da eshqashan janylysyp kórmegen sóz týbirine jýginemiz. Ózdering kórip otyrghanday shoshaqtyng týbiri Osh (Os), yaghny Qosay atamyzdyng esimi. Búl bayaghy Núq payghambar zamanyndaghy topan sugha qaryq bolghan elding atauy. Sol elden tek qana Núq payghambardyng otbasy jәne Músylmandyqty moyyndaghan seksen otbasy kemege minip aman qalghan delinedi ejelgi shejirelerding bәrinde. Kemening toqtaghan jeri Qazyghúrt tauy. Búl sózding tolyq maghynasy Qazyq júrt. Núq payghambardyng tegi Qosay. Sol el týgeldey sugha qaryq bolyp, tek qana Núq payghambardyng kemesine mingen jandar aman qalyp, sol elge Núq payghambar songhy «Nýkteni» qoydy. Odan keyingi úrpaq Qosay Núq bolyp, al sóilemde Qos Nýkte bolyp jalghasyp ketti. Qos Nýkte — Qosay Núqtyng laqap aty. Qosay ruynyng qazaqtyng barlyq rularynyng qúramynda bolatyny, Qosaydan joldasyng bolsa jolyng bolady delinetini jәne olardyng agha balasy dep qúrmetteletinining syry osy.
Biz búl tújyrymnyng aqiqat ekenin myna soltýstiktegi kórshimizding qos nýkteni «dvoe tochiye» deytinderinen aiqyn kóre alamyz. Ózderiniz kórip otyrghanday, «tochkanyn» sóz týbiri osh (os) bolyp Núq payghambar atamyzdyng tegi Qosay atamyzdyng atyn ústap otyr.
Al, sәukelening úshyna taghylatyn «Ýkige» kelsek. Búl Núq (Nýk) qauymynyng týp atasy – Ýkasha ata. Ýkasha Atamyzdyn, yaghny Núq atamyzdyng molasy osy Qazyghúrt tauyna jaqyn manayda. Ejelgi jazbalar Núq payghambar qauymyn Ýkish qauymy dep atapty.
Ýkish qauymy – Núq payghambar qauymynyng ejelgi atauy. Núqtyng sóz týbiri (óz týbi, óz atasy) Úq (Ýk) bolatyny osydan. Qazaq kelinderining sәukelesi men dombyragha taghylatyn Ýkining jәne ýmitimizdi ýkileytinimizding syry osy. Qazirgi «ýkim» (jarlyq), «ýkimet» degen úghymymyzdyng da avtory osy Ýkish (Núq) qauymy. Bizden basqa eshbir el óz biyligin ýkimet dep atamaydy.
Tarih taghlymy: Atam Qazaqtyng býkil men býgin degen sózderining týbiri «ýki, ýgi» bolatyny da osydan. Qúrmetti oqyrman! Eske ústa! Sóz týbiri (óz týbi, yaghny sózding atasy) eshqashan janylysyp kórgen emes. Atalarymyz tarihty osylay jazghan, atalaryn osylay syilaghan. Sóz jasasan, osylay jasa. Tarih jazsan, osylay jaz. Danalyq dep osyny ait!
Ejelgi shejirelerding bәrinde Núq payghambardyng Ham (Qam), Sam (Sham) jәne Iafes esimdi ýsh úlynyng bolghandyghy aitylady. «Núh payghambar ýsh úlyn ýsh tarapqa: Ham atty úlyn Ýndistan jaqqa, Sam atty úlyn Iran jaqqa, Iafes atty úlyn soltýstik jaqqa jiberdi. Ýsheuine aitty: «Adam perzentterinen ýsheuinizden ózge eshkim qalghan joq, ýsheuiniz ýsh júrtqa otyrynyz, úrpaqtarynyz kóp bolsa, sol barghan jerlerinizdi júrt etip otyrynyz».
Iafes atasynyng әmirimen Judy (qazirgi atauy Qazyghúrt M.Q.) tauynan ketip, Edil men Jayyq suynyng arasyna qonys tepti. Iafesting segiz úly bar edi, úrpaqtary kóp boldy. Olar mynalar: Týrik, Hazar, Saqlap, Orys, Men, Shyn, Keymar, Tariyh. Iafes ólerinde óz ornyna ýlken úly Týrikti otyrghyzyp, ózge úldaryna: «Barshanyz Týrikti patsha bilip, onyng sózinen shyqpanyzdar», -dep ósiyet qyldy, oghan Iafes úghlany (oghlany) degen laqap qoydy.
Týrikting tórt úly bar edi; Týtik, Hakal, Barsajar, Amlaq. Týrik ózi óler shaghynda ýlken úly Týtikti óz ornyna otyrghyzyp, qaytpas sapargha ketti» (Ábilghazy «Týrik shejiresi»).
Ózderiniz kórip otyrghanday Núq payghambardyng óz qauymy, yaghny onyng rulastary býgingi qazaq dalasynda, yaghny qazyq júrtta (Qazyghúrtta) qalyp otyr. Eger bile bilsen, yaghny sóz týsiner aqylyng men biliming bolsa olardyng sol jerde әli otyrghanyn da baghamdaygha tiyissin.
Ángimemizding basynda Qazireti Núq payghambardyng tegi Qazaqtyng Qosay ruynan ekendigin aitqanbyz.
Músa payghambardyng tegi Núq payghambardan taraytyndyghy Qúran Kәrimde de aiqyn kórsetilgen. …«Búryn Núhty da tura jolgha salyp jәne onyng úrpaqtarynan Dәuit, Sýleymen, Áyyb, Yusuf, Músa jәne Harungha da tura jol kórsettik. IYgilik isteushilerge osynday syilyq beremiz» (Ál-Ángham sýresi, 84 ayat).
Qazaq atamnyng bizge qaldyrghan ósiyeti boyynsha Allataghala dýniyeni jaratqanda bәri-bәrin ýsh-ýshten jaratqan. Allataghala degen sózding ózi de Alla, Ata jәne Agha degen ýsh kiyeli úghymnan túrady. Býkil jaratylystyng da ýsh anasy bar: Aua ana, Ot ana jәne Jer ana. Allataghala býkil gharysh-ghalamdy da, sonyng ishinde adamdy da osy ýsheuining qospasynan jasaghan. Ýsh sany men, sen jәne ol. Ýsh sany adamzat balasyn (Qúdaykening kóshin) býkil әlemdik topan sudan alyp shyqqan Qosay atamyzdyng laqap aty. Qosaydyng sóz týbiri «Os» (jer óz osinde ainalady), yaghny ózek dep atalatyny osy. Olar Qúdayke elining kóshin ana «dýniyeden» myna «dýniyege» jalghaghan kópir. Myna batys elderining gharyshty Kosmos (Qosay most-Qosay kópir) dep jýrgenderining syry osy.
Tarih taghlymy: Qazaqta eng alghashqy «agha» degen qúrmetti ataudy iyemdegen Qosay atamyz. Sondyqtan olar agha balasy retinde ýlken qúrmetke iye. Alys sapargha shygharda, halyq mýddesi ýshin keleli is bastarda, jaugha attanarda Qosay ata úrpaghynan bata alu, qasyndaghy saparlas seriging Qosay ata úrpaghy bolsa jolyng bolady degen úghym sodan beri jalghasyp keledi. Qasynda aghasy jýrse, inisi qor bolushy ma edi. Qazaqtyng «Aghasy bardyng jaghasy bar, inisi bardyng tynysy bar» degen maqalynyng avtory da osy Qosaylar.
Qasynda dosyng jýrse de qor bolmaysyn. Dos Qosay atamyzdyng laqap aty. Ekeuining týbirles bolatyny osy.
2007 jyly 360 әuliyeli kiyeli Manghystaudaghy Qarataudyng eng biyik shyndarynyng biri Otpan taugha «Aday Ata-Otpan tau» tarihy kesheni salynyp, Aday ata kesenesi boy kótergeli beri jyl sayyn atadan qalghan ónegeli jol, qalyptasqan dәstýr boyynsha, Aday ata úrpaqtary kezek kezegimen Otpan taudyng basynda Birlik otyn jaghyp, 14 nauryz kýni Amaldy qarsy alyp, yntymaq pen birlikting toyyn toylap keledi. Biylghy kezek – Aday atanyng ekinshi nemeresi – Ýshinshi buyn úrpaghy — Agha balasy — Qosay ata úrpaqtarynyng enshisine tiydi.
Otpan tauda jaghylghan ottyng ghúmyrynyng úzaq boluyn Alladan tilep, osyghan qolymyzdan kelgen ýlesimizdi qosayyq, Aghayyn! Ósinder! Óninder! Úly atalarynyzgha layyq úrpaq tәrbiyelenizder! Oshaqtarynyzdyng oty sónbegey!
BIRLIK OTYN MÁNGI BIRGE JAGhAYYQ!
Múhametkәrim Qojyrbayúly
Sony
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