1979 jylghy 16 jәne jәne 19 mausym kýni Selinograd qalasynyng Lenin atyndaghy ortalyq alanyna myndaghan adam jinalyp, qazaq jerining bólinbeytinin, eshqanday avtonomiyagha jol joq ekenin batyl mәlimdedi. KOKP Ortalyq Komiyteti Sayasy Burosynyng Qaraghandy, Aqmola, Pavlodar, Kókshetau oblystary týiisetin Ereymentau ónirinde nemis avtonomiyasyn qúru jónindegi sheshimin búzghyzdy. Búl Kenes Odaghy dәuren sýrgen úzaq jyldarda kommunistik partiya kósemderining alghan betinen alghash ret qaytuy edi. Osynday úly erlikti jergilikti túrghyndarynyng ýlesi 17 payyzdan aspaytyn Selinograd qalasynyng qazaq jastary jasady. Kiyeli Aqmola-Qaraótkel topyraghynda Alash ruhy túnghysh jeniske jetti. Halyqtyng últtyq namysy oyandy, el tarihy qaharmandyghyn qayta tapty.

Erlik, onyng ishinde halyqtyng kókórim órenderi jasaghan erlik últ tarihynda erekshe oryn alugha, maqtan etiluge tiyis. Alayda, salystyrmaly týrde alghanda, kýni keshe boldy deuge sayatyn osy qaharmandyq býginde aitylmaydy. Onyng Qazaq eli tәuelsizdigindegi yqpaly, 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan oqighasyna әseri jayly ne tarihshylar, ne sayasattanushylar tiyisinshe mәn bermey keledi.

Últ qaharmandyghynyng shejiresine altyn әrippen jazylugha layyq osy erlik qalay jasalyp edi?

1979 jylghy 16 jәne jәne 19 mausym kýni Selinograd qalasynyng Lenin atyndaghy ortalyq alanyna myndaghan adam jinalyp, qazaq jerining bólinbeytinin, eshqanday avtonomiyagha jol joq ekenin batyl mәlimdedi. KOKP Ortalyq Komiyteti Sayasy Burosynyng Qaraghandy, Aqmola, Pavlodar, Kókshetau oblystary týiisetin Ereymentau ónirinde nemis avtonomiyasyn qúru jónindegi sheshimin búzghyzdy. Búl Kenes Odaghy dәuren sýrgen úzaq jyldarda kommunistik partiya kósemderining alghan betinen alghash ret qaytuy edi. Osynday úly erlikti jergilikti túrghyndarynyng ýlesi 17 payyzdan aspaytyn Selinograd qalasynyng qazaq jastary jasady. Kiyeli Aqmola-Qaraótkel topyraghynda Alash ruhy túnghysh jeniske jetti. Halyqtyng últtyq namysy oyandy, el tarihy qaharmandyghyn qayta tapty.

Erlik, onyng ishinde halyqtyng kókórim órenderi jasaghan erlik últ tarihynda erekshe oryn alugha, maqtan etiluge tiyis. Alayda, salystyrmaly týrde alghanda, kýni keshe boldy deuge sayatyn osy qaharmandyq býginde aitylmaydy. Onyng Qazaq eli tәuelsizdigindegi yqpaly, 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan oqighasyna әseri jayly ne tarihshylar, ne sayasattanushylar tiyisinshe mәn bermey keledi.

Últ qaharmandyghynyng shejiresine altyn әrippen jazylugha layyq osy erlik qalay jasalyp edi?

Búl saualgha alghash akademik Manash Qozybaev 1993 jyly jaryq kórgen "Qazaqstan tarihy" atty jinaqta jauap beruge tyrysty. Oqigha qysqa bayandalyp, mәselening sayasiy-tarihy astarlary tereng qamtylmady. Ereuilding mәn-jayy 1998 jyly jaryq kórgen "Poznanie sebya" degen enbekte alghash ret jan-jaqty ashyldy. Naqty derekterge toly osy tuyndynyng avtorlary Amantay Kәken men Múqash Omarov kezinde memlekettik qauipsizdik organynda qyzmet istegendikten, kóptegen qúndy mәlimetterdi paydalana alghan. Sol dәiekterge jәne óz tarapymyzdan izdestirgen derekterge sýiene otyryp, Aqmola jastarynyng erligi jayly әngimeleudi 79-shy jyldyng órenderi aldyndaghy paryz sanadyq.

Edil boyyndaghy nemis res­pub­likasynyng Úly Otan so­ghysy bas­tal­ghan tústa ta­ratylghany belgili. 1941 jylghy 28 tamyzda KSRO Jo­gharghy Ke­nesi Prezidiumynyng jar­ly­ghymen ondaghy nemister Qaz­aq­­stangha jer audaryldy. Múnday she­shimning nege qabyl­dan­ghany týsinikti edi, al soghys jenispen ayaqtalghan song olar­dyng ba­yyr­ghy qonysyna qayta oraluyna rúqsat bermeu ishtey de, syrttay da qarsylyq tu­ghyzdy. Nemis últy ókilderining óti­nishteri men narazylyghyna Ortalyq Ko­miytet nazar audar­ghan joq. Búrynghy av­tonomiya ornalasqan jerge el ty­ghyz qonystanghandyqtan, ony qal­pyna keltiru mýmkin emes degen syr­ghytpa jauap berumen boldy. Ne­mis tilinde "Froynd­shaft" gazetin ashyp, basqa da mәdeny sharalardy jýz­ege asyryp, is osymen tyndygha sanady.

Bir emes, eki birdey mem­leketi bar nemis júrty endi mәseleni tótesinen qoydy. 1972 jyly "Shet el­ge ketetin ne­mister birlestigi" degen ja­syryn úiym qúryldy. Oghan Qazaqstan, Týrkimenstan, Qyrghyz­stan men Baltyq ja­gha­lauy elderinde túratyn dias­pora ókilderi bas­shylyq jasady.

Nemisterding osy batyl qa­damy jayly A.Kәken "Aq­moladaghy ereuil qazaq jerining tútastyghyn saqtap qaldy" atty maqalasynda bylay әngi­me­leydi: "Sovet elining solaqay sayasaty nemisterding jappay shetelge qonys audaru qozgha­lysyn tughyzdy. Biraq biylik әrtýrli syltau tauyp, olardy mýmkindiginshe jibermeuge tyrysty. Múnday teketires kópke sozylmay, bir toqtamgha kelui qajet edi. Solay bola túrsa da birde-bir memlekettik organ mәseleni keshendi týrde sheshuge kirispegen son, Or­ta­lyq Komiytet múnday "qúr­met­ti" KGB-ge tapsyrdy. Biraq onyng qú­ramyndaghy barlyq basqarmalar әrtýrli syltau aityp, at-tonyn ala qashty. Aqyry osy problemany zert­teu sol kezde janadan qúrylghan F.Bobkov basqaratyn 5-basqarmagha tapsyryldy.

Mәsele KGB-gha nege tap­syryldy eken?

1956 jyly KSRO Ishki ister ministri Qazaqstanda cheshen-únghysh avtonomiyalyq respublikasyn qúru qajet degen úsynys jasapty. Biraq sol kezde ony joghary jaq qol­damap edi. Partiya kósem­derining esine sol týsti me, kim bilsin?

Nәtiyjesinde KOKP Or­ta­lyq Komiyteti Sayasy Buro­sy­nyng 1976 jyl­dyng 6 tamy­zyn­daghy tapsyr­ma­syna sәikes, arada eki jyl ótken son, 1978 jyldyng tamyzynda nemis mәselesin sheshu maqsatymen Yu.Andropov bas bolyp, bir top OK mý­sheleri Selinograd, Kókshetau, Qa­raghandy, Pav­lodar oblys­ta­ry­nyng bes audany esebinen Qa­zaq­stan­da nemis avtonomiyalyq oblysyn qú­rayyq (ortalyghy Selinograd oblysynyng Ereymentau qa­la­sy), al múnyng ózi halyq­tyng әleumettik jaghdayyn jaq­sartugha eleuli yqpal jasaydy dep partiyanyng Ortalyq Komiytetine hat joldaydy".

Osy joldardy oqyghanda, eger 1956 jyly Qazaqstanda cheshen-únghysh avtonomiyalyq respub­liy­ka­syn qúru turaly sheshim qabyldansa, jergilikti el qarsy shygha alar ma edi degen oy keledi. Dәl sol kezde, júrt soghystan song onala qoymaghan tústa múnday qadamgha toytarys berilui ekitalay-tyn. Stalin qaharynyng zaharynan aiyghyp ýlgermegen halyq ishten tynuy mýmkin edi.

Atalghan hatty partiyanyng Or­ta­lyq Komiyteti maqúldady. Qazaq KSR-y basshylarymen kenespesten 1979 jyly 31 mamyrda Sayasy Buro Qa­zaqstanda nemis avtonomiyasyn qúru turaly qauly qabyldady. D.Qo­naev búl qaulyny dayyn kýiinde aldy. Selinograd oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy N. Moro­zovqa atalmysh qújat Almaty arqyly emes, Mәskeuden tike jetti. Osydan-aq respublika jetekshilerining KSRO kósemderine qanshalyqty "qadirli" bolghanyn kóru qiyn emes.

"Mәskeu nege Ortalyq Qazaq­stan­dy tandady?"  degen saual sol tústa jii aitylyp jýrdi. Birin­shi­den, búl ónirde orys júrty qalyn, olar nemis avtonomiyasyna qarsy shyqpaydy. Ekinshiden, aimaqta nemister az emes. Ýshinshiden, óz je­rinde azshylyqqqa ainalghan qazaqtar bas kóteruge batpaydy.

Avtonomiyanyng tez arada qú­ryla qoyatyndyghyna Qazaq­stannyng bas kótererleri de onsha senbese kerek. Qauly qolyna tiygen N.Mo­rozov jalghasqan S.Imashev te (respublika Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining iydeologiya jónindegi hatshysy), A.Korkin de (ekinshi hatshy) múnday sharuadan beyhabar sekildi jarytyp eshtene aitpaydy. Olar shynymenen qúlaqtanbady ma, әlde saqtyq ja­sap, ýnsiz qaludy oilady ma, ol jaghy anyq emes. Al D.Qonaev qauly KSRO Jogharghy Kenesining jarly­ghy­men bekitilmegenin algha tartyp, ap­tyq­paudy, sabyr saqtaudy jón kóredi.

Shyndyghynda búl kezde avto­no­miya qúru jónindegi memlekettik ko­missiya qúrylyp jatqan bolatyn. Mausym aiynyng ortasynda A. Korkin bastaghan top Selinograd qalasyna jetedi. Top mýsheleri әr salanyng ministrleri edi. Maqsat - avtonomiyanyng әkimshilik-úiymdastyru júmysyn tiyanaqtap, onyng basshy kadrlaryna deyin irikteu.

Búlar da jergilikti elding qas-qabaghyna qaraudy, erteng avtonomiya jariyalanghanda ahual qalay qúbylatynyn oilaudy artyq dep sanaghan. A.Kor­kinmen sol kezde jýzdesken, onymen birge Erey­mentaudy aralaghan adamdardyng bәri top mýsheleri ózderin erkin ústaghanyn, nemis avtonomiyasy aimaqtyng auyl sharuashylyghyn damytatynyn ghana aitumen bolghanyn eske alady.

Sonymen mausymda Ereymentau qalasynyng kóshelerinde qara "Volgalar" qaptaydy. El búlar kim dep alandap, audandyq partiya komiytetining ýiine qúlaq týredi. Osynda ótken basqosuda búl jor­tuyldyng mәni ashylady. A.Korkin avtonomiyanyng qay kensesi qay jerde ornalasatynyn talqygha sa­lady. Audan mekemelerin Er­kin­shilik selosyna kóshirip, oryndy bosata bastau turaly núsqau beredi. Nemis avtonomiyalyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshylyghyna sol kezde Krasnoznamen audandyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy A.Braun layyq dep sheshilgenine deyin aitady.

Ekpindegen top osydan song audannyng basqa jerlerin aralap, Selinograd qalasynda at shaldyrady da Almatygha qaytady. Jay qaytpay, Erey­men jeri nemisterge beriledi eken degen jeldey esken suyq habardy taratyp ketedi. Qazaqtyng kókiregi oyau, namysy bar azamattary: "Búl qalay?" - dep elendeydi. "Avto­nomiyagha jer be­r­mey­miz. Qar­sy túramyz!" - degen jigitter audan­nyng ortalyq alanyn tónirekteydi. Qaysybiri jedel oblys ortalyghyna attanyp, mәseleni sol jerde anyqtamaq bolady.

Búl kezde Selinograd qalasy da qam-qaraketsiz emes edi. Men osy oqigha tura­ly alghash injenerlik-qúrylys ins­tiy­tu­tynda oqityn baldyzym Múrat Jýn­dibaevtan 15 mausym kýni keshke estidim.

- Erteng ortalyq alangha shyghamyz. Ereymentauda nemis avtonomiyasyn qúrugha qarsy bolamyz, - dedi ol.

Tóbeden jay týskendey boldy.

- Ne aityp túrsyn? Qaydaghy avtonomiya? - dedim antarylyp.

- Bizding jigitterge sonday habar jetipti. Almatydan OK-nyng hatshysy bastap kelgen komissiya Ereymentauda bolypty, - dedi ol. - Endi avto­nomiyanyng qúrylghanyn resmy jariyalau ghana qalghan. So­nyng aldyn alyp, ereuilge shy­ghugha barlyq studentter bel buyp otyr.

Oy san-saqqa jýitkidi, ne is­te­rim­di bilmey daghdardym. Múndayda kimmen aqyldasyp, kimge senesin.

Ári tolghanyp, beri tolghanyp, bir podezde kórshi túratyn qalalyq partiya komiytetining bólim mengerushisi Quanysh Ahmetbekovke bardym. Menimen týidey jasty, aqjarqyn, er kónildi azamat edi, jaqsy aralasatynbyz. Birdene bilse, jasyrmas dep ýmittendim. Ol shet jaghalatqan saual­da­rymdy týsin­bedi. "Qalagha OK-nyng hatshysy kelipti ghoy, Ereymentaugha da barghan siyaqty. Jay jýr me eken?" - degen sú­ra­ghyma da mardymdy jauap ala almadym.

- Audandardy aralap jýrgen shyghar, - dedi de qoydy.

Baldyzymnan estigenimdi ashyp aita almadym. Birer ontaylandym da, eger Ereymen nemis avto­nomiyasyna shynymen beriletin bolsa, jastardyng qarsylyghy arqyly ses kórsetilgeni dúrys. Ta­paday tal týste jerindi ba­rym­talap jatsa, túyaq serippey qalghanyng sýiekke tanba. Es­ti­ge­nimdi ishimde saqtayyn. Kederge kel­tirip alyp jýrermin degen baylammen keri qayttym.

Ýige kelsem Múrat ketuge ontay­lanyp jatyr eken.

- Jezde, erteng alangha shyq­qandardy topyrlatyp quyp, she­tinen ústap jatsa, izdeushimiz bo­larsyz, - dedi. - Biz býgin tý­nimen әzirlenemiz. Osyny sizge әdeyi aitugha kelgem. Men jetkizgen habar turaly eshkimge tis jar­manyz.

- Toqtay túr. Aqyldasayyq, - dedim. - Myna sheshimdering qatersiz emes. Barynsha oilas­ty­ryl­ghan әzirlik kerek. Senimen birge barayyn.

- Joq, - dedi ol. - Sizben esh­kim sóilespeydi. Endi olardy eshqanday ýgit toqtata almaydy.

***

Ertesine júmysqa erte keldim. Qyz­met isteytin jerim oblystyq "Kom­mu­nizm núry" gazetining redaksiyasy "So­vet­ter ýii" atalyp ketken, oblystyq par­tiya jәne atqaru komiytetteri, basqa da me­kemeler ornalasqan ortalyq alandaghy ghimaratta edi.

Bólmege engeli terezening al­dyn­damyn. Jetinshi qabattan alang alaqangha salghanday aiqyn kórinedi. Lenin eskertkishining aldynda ýr­meli aspaptar orkestri jayghasqan. Býgin kәsiptik-tehniy­kalyq uchiy­liy­sheler kýni bolatyn, qoldaryna shoq-shoq gýl ústaghan jastar bay­qa­­lady. Moyyndaryna qyzyl gal­s­tuk baylaghan pionerler jýgirip jýr.

Saghat 10-gha tayanghanda "Moskva" qonaq ýii jaghynan qalyng kolonna kó­rin­di. Tórt, әlde bes qatar qúraghan el ýnsiz sap týzep keledi. Mine, aldy alangha ilikti. Tastay týiilgen órender qoldaryna trans­poranattar ústaghan. Olarda: "Nemis avtonomiyasyna jol joq!", "Qazaqstan bólinbeydi!", "Qazaq­stan­daghy sovet halqy ishki she­karasyz ómir sýredi!", "Odaqtas respublikanyng territoriyasy onyng ke­li­siminsiz ózgertilmeydi!", "Halyqtar dos­tas­tyghy jasasyn!" - degen jazular bar edi.

Ortalyq alandy el men jerding na­mysy kóriktey qyzdyrghanday. Ne bolsa da kóppen birge kóru kerek. Jýgirip tó­menge týstim. "Oktyabri" (qazirgi "Europa palas") kinoteatry jaghyndaghy esik jabyq, aldynda qarauyl túr. Syrtqa ashana arqyly shyghatyn esik te tas bekitilgen. Oghan da kýzet qo­yylypty. Bas qaqpa jaqta bir top milisiya qazyqtay qaghylghan. Men sekildi ereuildegen elge qosylmaq bolghan biren-saran jigitter olay úmtylyp, búlay úmtylyp, salymyz sugha ketip keri qayttyq.

Júmys bólmesine jetip, qay­tadan terezege ýnildim. Syrttaghy dybys kýsheytkish arqyly aitylyp jatqan sóz aiqyn estiledi. Jiy­nalghan júrtqa shyq­qan obkom basshylarynyng biri: "Ve­na­daghy L.Brejnev pen AQSh preziydenti Karterding kezdesuine arnalghan mitingini ashyq dep jariya­laymyn", - dedi. (Onyng oblystyq partiya komiytetining sol kezdegi ekinshi hatshysy Z.Shaydarov ekenin keyin bildik).

Alang qúiyn ýiirgen qúraqtay tolqydy.

- Onday mitingini bilmeymiz! Nemis avtonomiyasy bola ma, joq pa, sony aityndar! - degen dauys óktem estildi.

- Búl әngimeni dalada emes, ishke kirip talqylayyq, ­- degen sózge kópshilik iylikken joq.

- Osy jerde, qalyng elge shyndyqty jariyalanyzdar! - dep tapjylmady.

Kolonnanyng aldynghy jaghynan eki adam suyrylyp shyghyp, obkomnyng hatshysyna ózderining talabyn tabystady.

Búdan әri ereuilshiler men oblys basshylyghy ókilining ara­synda qanday sóz qozghalghanyn bile almadyq. Kolonna saghat jarymnan song sap týzegen kýii keri qaytty.

Sovetter ýiining esikteri sodan keyin de birden ashylghan joq. El ayaghy suyghan song ghana syrtqa shygha alghan bizder órenderden kóz jazyp qaldyq. Týs aua olardyng sol betterinde temir jol vokzalyna, bazar jaqqa soghyp, ortalyq kóshelermen jýrip ótkenin estidik. Qúqyq qorghau organdary tara­pynan qysym bolmapty degen habar da jetip jatty.

Nemis avtonomiyasy turaly suyt habar osylay әshkere bolghan song gu-gu әngime kóbeydi. L.Brejnev Venada 16 mausym kýni AQSh preziydenti Karterge KSRO-daghy demokratiyanyng jar­qyn jenisi retinde nemisterge avtonomiya berilgenin maqtanyshpen mәlimdemek bolypty degen sóz shyqty. Odaq basshylaryn osynday qadamgha Amerika men Batys eriksiz kóndiripti degender de tabyldy.

Osynday tolqymaly, tolghaqty kýnde avtonomiya jayly býkil qazaq dalasy estip, barlyq ónirlerden el Selino­grad­qa attanghan eken, jolda toqtatylypty degen habar da qydyryp jýrdi. Al qalanyng ishin kýdikti, sesti sezik sharlap ketti. Ejelgi Aqmola-Qaraótkel óni­rin­degi han Kenening últ-azattyq soghysy, kenes qyrghyndary, qazaq halqyna qay jaghynan da auyr tiygen sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq nauqandardyng salqyny elding jadynda qayta janghyrghanday edi. Halyq jastardyng erligi arqyly tarihy qayratyn tapty. Al jer de, júrt ta, bәri de meniki dep kelgender sol jerding tarihy iyesi kim ekeni turaly oilanugha mәj­býr boldy. Qazaq halqy jayly sóz qoz­ghala bastady. KSRO sekildi kom­munistik qatal rejimge qúrylghan qaharly imperiyanyng sheshimine ashyq qarsy shyqqan qaharmandyq asyp-tasyp bolghandardyng mysyn basyp, odaq tarihynda alghash ret últtyq namys degenning ne ekenin pash etti. Búl qazaq jastarynyng Aqmola topyraghynda jasalghan úly erligi edi.

Órender 19 mausymda qalanyng orta­lyq alanyna qayta oralghanda, últtyq sezimning bәrine shýilige ketetin Tyng ólkesindegi shamshyl shahar tym-tyrys tyndy. Búl joly jinalghan elding al­dyna oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy N. Morozovtyng ózi shyqty.

Kolonnanyng aldynda Úly Otan soghysynyng ardagerleri túr, keu­deleri orden-medalidargha tol­ghan. Biri aghash ayaq, qolynda Leninning portreti, odan keyingi qatarda emshektegi sәbiyin keudesine qys­qan jas kelinshek, aq jaulyqty analar. Halyq búl joly mәseleni tótesinen qoydy.

- Nemis avtonomiyasy bolmay­tynyn ait! Oghan bәribir jol bermeymiz!

N.Morozov kýmiljip, ne derin bilmedi. Sodan-aq ortalyqtyng avtonomiya qúrudan әli bas tartpaghany belgili edi.

- Ashyghyn ait! - dep qysty el.

-             Mәskeumen sóilesip jatyr­myn. Habar tosyp otyrmyn, - dep syrghaqtady birinshi hatshy.

- Qazaqstannyng basshylary qayda? Olar ne bitirip jatyr? - dep shanshyldy kópshilik.

- Olarmen de baylanystamyn, - dedi Morozov. ­- Sabyr saqtanyzdar, bir jauaby keshikpey belgili bolyp qalar.

Sony aityp, joghary­da­ghy­lar­men sói­lesip qaytugha rúqsat súrady. Jiy­nal­ghan elge aragha 15-20 minut salyp oraldy.

- Álginde ghana Qonaevpen habar­­lastym, - dedi. - Avtonomiya bolmaydy.

Alang toly órender quanyshtan jaryla jazdady. "Uralaghan", shattanghan, kól-kósir jadyraghan júrt tenizdey tolqydy.

El tynshyghyp, sabasyna týsken sәtte ortagha jas jigit shyqty. Halyqqa aldyn ala dayyndalghan ýndeudi oqydy. Onyng qysqasha mazmúny mynanday edi: "Eger odaq basshylyghy halyqty aldap, avtonomiyany aragha uaqyt salyp baryp qúrudy oilasa, qarsylyq búdan da qatty bolady. Bizder últaraqtay jer ýshin janyn pida etken ata-babalarymyzdan ardaqty emespiz. Bәrine әzirmiz!"

***

Jastardyng kýdigi orynsyz emes-ti. KOKP Ortalyq Komiyteti Sayasy Buronyng sheshimi oryn­dal­mauyna jenil-jelpi qaray almaytyn edi. 19 mausymnan song Selinograd qalasyna Mәskeuden Ortalyq Komiytetining úiymdastyru bólimining sektor mengerushisi F.Miyshenko men KGB general-polkovniygi F.Bobkov keledi. Olardyng mindeti - avtonomiyagha qalaysha qarsylyq jasaldy, ony kimder úiym­dastyrdy, búghan nege jol berildi degen saualdargha jauap tabu bolatyn. Eger qarsylyq halyqtyq sipatqa ie bolmay, jekelegen últshyldar kótergen jastar­dyng narazylyghy ekeni anyqtalsa, avto­nomiya mәselesin qayta qozghaudyng jana joldaryn qarastyru da oida bar edi.

Partiya shabarmandary әdet­te­gi­dey osy oqighadan últ ziyal­y­la­ry­nyng shoviy­nistik pighylyn izdep tabugha úmtyldy. Aqmola topy­ra­ghynyng tumalary, odaqqa esimderi belgili qayratkerler J.Tәshenov pen S.Niyazbekovting esimderi ataldy. Olar mausym dýrbeleni qar­sanynda Selinogradqa ja­syryn kelip, student­ter­men júmys jýrgizipti degen sózding anyq-qanyghy zertteldi. Orayy kelgende aita keteyik, S.Niyazbekov qalada sol kezde bolmasa da, jastardyng avto­nomiyagha qarsy bir emes, eki ret ereuilge shyghuyna Almatyda oty­ryp basshylyq jasapty, arnayy jibergen adamdary bәrin asa saqtyqpen úiymdastyrypty degen әngimeni biz de estigenbiz. Osy sózdi jetpisinshi jyldary respub­liy­kanyng basshy qyzmetterinde bolghan kisiler qazirgi kýnge deyin aitady. Soghan qar­a­ghanda búl әsheyin qaueset emes, aqiqat boluy әbden mýmkin.

Osynyng bәrin sarapqa sal­ghanda, Qazaqstan Kom­par­tiyasynyng Ortalyq Komiytetin 1979 jyly kimder basqarghany kóz aldyna keledi. Birinshi hatshy D.Qonaev ta, onyng tóniregindegi qazaq últynyng ókilderi de respublikanyng dәl ortasynan nemis avtonomiyasynyng ashyluyn qúptamaytyny anyq. Diyme­ken­ning J.Tәshenov pen S.Niyazbekovke qar­sy­lyqty qúpiya úiymdastyrudy tapsyruy ghajap emes. Kerisinshe Tәshenov pen Niyazbekov Qonaevqa osynday ótinishpen shyqqan da bolar.

Mәskeuding atarman-shabar­mandary búl orayda tynghylyqty júmys jýrgizip, qansha әrekettense de respublika jetek­shilerining qarsylyqqa qatystylyghyn an­yqtay almaghan. Obkomnyng birinshi hatshysy N.Morozovpen, Kras­noz­na­men audandyq partiya ko­miy­te­tining birinshi hat­shysy A.Braunmen, Ereymentaudaghy sovhoz diyrek­torlary D.Burbah, A.Riym­mer­men, Selinograd qalasyndaghy joghary oqu oryndarynyng rektor­la­rymen sóilesedi. Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiy­teti jergilikti organynyng qyz­met­kerlerin tyndaydy. Aqyr sonynda avtonomiyagha qa­r­sy­lyqtyng tuyndauyna respublika men oblys basshy­larynyng osy mәselege jenil-jelpi qarauy, oghan tiyisti sayasy mәn bermeui sebep boldy degen qorytyndy jasaydy.

Búghan tekseru jýrgizgenderge Se­liy­no­gradtaghy ereuilge qatysqan stu­dentterdin: "Bizdi eshkim ýgittegen joq, ózimiz kóterildik. Qazaqtyng jerin ból­shekteuge qay kezde de jol bermeymiz. Qa­jet bolsa taghy da shyghamyz. Endigi qarsylyq búdan da auqymdy bolady" degen kesimdi sózi de әser etken. Avtonomiyagha narazylyq býkilhalyqtyq sipat aluy әbden mýmkin ekendigine mәskeulikterding kózi jetken. Dәl osynday tújyrym biylikke tapsyrylady. KOKP Ortalyq Komiyteti endi asyqpau kerek, D.Qonaev úsynyp otyr­ghanday, qayta dayyndyq jú­mys­taryn jýrgizip, avtonomiyanyng qajet ekendigin halyqqa týsindiru ýshin keng kólemdi, jan-jaqty әzirlik jasalsyn degen baylamgha toq­talady. Nemis mәselesi osylay siyr­qúiymshaqtanyp baryp, 1980 jyldyng 19 aqpanynda sayasy ainaly­mnan alynyp tastalady.

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Selinogradtaghy 1979 jylghy mausym oqighasy turaly әngimeni osymen ayaqtaugha bolar edi. Alayda ereuilge baylanysty biylikting tarapynan jasalghan әreketterge qatysty jazylghan jәne aitylyp jýrgen joramaldar jayly shyn­dyqsyz sózimiz jerine jetki­zilmeytin siyaqty.

Mәskeuden jәne Almatydan kelgen qúqyq qorghau oryndarynyng jetekshileri alangha shyqqan jastargha oq atugha deyin barypty deushiler búryn da boldy, qazir de bar. Sol kezde obkomdaghy týrli kenester men mәjilisterge qatysyp, ereuil jasaghandardyng búl isi qylmys pa, әlde sayasy sayazdyq pa degen saualdar tónireginde bas qatyrghandardyng arasynda óren­derdi sottaugha asyqqandar tabyldy deytin sóz de joq emes. Búlardyng bәri anyqtaudy qajet etedi. Men 2002 jyly qantarda osy maqsatpen jәne 1979 jylghy oqighany este saqtaudyn, oghan sayasy bagha beruding jol­daryn talqylaugha arnalghan jinalys ótkizdim. Qazaqstan Ja­zu­shylar odaghy Astana qalalyq fiy­lia­lynyng tóraghasy retinde búghan tolyq qúqym bar edi. Osy bas­qo­sugha úzaq jyldar Aqmola oblystyq memlekettik qauipsizdik bas­qar­masynda qyzmet etken pol­kovnik Qamilash Qabyshúly qatysty. Ol kisi ótinishim boyynsha kóz­ben kórip bilgenderin keyin: "Qazaqstan Jazushylar odaghynyng Astanalyq filialynyng bas­qa­rushy sekretary Aldan Smayylúly myrzagha", dep bylay jazyp bergen edi:

"IYә, 1979 jylghy mausymnyng 16-sy kýni tanertengi saghat 10-da Selinograd qalasynyng Lenin atyndaghy ortalyq alanyna kýtpegen jaghdayda halyq jinalyp, plakattar, transparanttar kó­te­rilip, avtonomiyagha qarsylyq kór­setildi. Shyqqandar negizinen stu­dentter men jastar. Búl qoz­ghalys jergilikti әkimshilik oryndarynyng ýreylerin úshyryp, Almaty men Mәskeuding basshy partiya jәne Sovet oryndaryna habarlanyp, dereu top-tobymen jauapty qyzmetkerler sau ete týsti.

Almatylyqtardy 16 mau­symda Qazaq KSR Memlekettik Qauip­siz­dik komiytetining tó­ra­ghasy general-leytenant Shev­chen­ko men ishki ister ministrining birinshi orynbasary general-mayor Túmarbekov basqa­ryp keldi.

Al mәskeulikterdi alyp 18 mausymda Odaqtyng Memleket qauipsizdigi komiyteti tóragha­sy­nyng orynbasary general-pol­kovnik Bobkov jetti. Ke­lu­shiler avto­no­miya­nyng qúry­la­tynyna kýmәn keltirgen joq, bar maqsat qar­sy­lastardan kóshege eshkimdi shy­gharmau, shygha qalsa ortalyq alangha jo­latpau, qoghamdyq tәrtipti búzu­shylyqqa jol bermeu boldy.

Jergilikti últtyng adam­daryn kóshege shygharmau kerek degen jogharydan kelgenderding búi­ryq­taryn tapjyltpay oryndaugha chekistermen qatar partiya jәne sovet oryn­da­ry­nyng basshy da qosshy qyz­met­kerleri әdette­gisindey ja­byla, júmyla kirisip-aq ketti. Jo­ghary jәne orta oqu oryn­darynda, jú­­mysshy jastar arasynda, jataq­ha­nalarda jappay ýgit-nasihat júmysy jýrgizildi. 19 mau­symda ortalyq alangha tiri jan shygharmau qalalyq әkimshilikke asa ja­uapty mindet retinde jýkteldi de, alangha taqau kósheler adam ótpestey etip avtobus jәne jýk mashinalarymen bekitildi. Biraq, búl tarapynda jýr­gi­zilgen saqtyq iske asqan joq. 19 mausym kýni saghat tanertengi 10-da 5-6 myng adam erkin syya­tyn ortalyq alang elge lyq toldy.

F.Bobkov jergilikti KGB oblystyq basqarmasynyng jauapty qyzmetkerlerin jinap, nemis avtonomiyasyn qúrudaghy KOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining sheshimi boyynsha týsinik berdi. Ol kisi Edil jaghalauynyng asqan qúnarlylyghyn, sol sebepti halyq óte tyghyz qonystanghan jer ekendigin mәlimdey kelip, búl mәselening KOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining Sayasy Burosynda egjey-tegjeyli talqylan­ghanyn aitty. "Zang jýzimen qaraghanda - dedi, - mәsele eki million nemisterge avtonomiyasyn qay­taryp berip, әdi­let­tikti ornyna keltiru, al naqty qay jerden berilui ýkimet pen partiyanyng sheshiminde. Oghan eshqanday ereuil әser ete almaydy. Zandy partiyanyng úigha­ruy­men jogharghy ýkimet oryndary qabyl­daytynyn týsinerlik uaqyt jetti. Osy sózdi ana eleuregen to­byrgha jet­kizip, endi jiy­nalmaytynday etip taratyp jiberu kerek, - dep jinal­ghandardy zildi kózimen bir-bir tesip ótti de, sózin odan әri jalghady: - "Kóshege kimder shyqty? Últshyldar shyqty. Kimder shyqty? Intel­liy­gentsymaqtar shyqty. Kimder shyqty? Jastar shyqty. Mә­sele kimder turaly? Ne­mis­ter turaly. Osylardyng barlyghy bizding baqy­lauy­myzdaghy kon­tiyn­gentter, - dedi nygharlap. - Qysqasy, myna el joq qú­lazyghan qu mekendi, suyr jay­laghan japan dalany nemisterding ký­shimen, mamandyghyn, isker­ligin paydalanyp Otanymyzdyng astyq qoymasyna ainaldyru qajet ekenin týsinip, Sayasy Buronyng sheshimin oryndau kerek. Avtonomiya berilmegen jaghdayda nemisterding basym kópshiligining Germaniyagha qonys audaru qaupi bar. Onymen sanaspay bolmaydy. Jastardy partiya sayasatyna qarsy qoyyp iritki salushylardy tauyp, últshyldardyng qas­tandy әre­ketine is qozghap, basshy­­laryn jauapqa tartu ýshin kýn-týn demey enbek siniru kerek. Kóshege, ereuilge shyghudy jas­tardyng esine salushy ýlkender, olardy joghary qyzmet oryn­darynan әrtýrli sebeptermen týsip qalghan jәne iri qyzmetten ýmitker jergilikti últtyng agha buyndarynyng arasynan izdes­tiru jón. Jer memleket menshiginde. Sol sebepti jal­pygha ortaq. Qay jerdi kimning kýshimen iygerip paydagha asyru tek qana partiyanyng she­shi­min­degi mәsele. Búl jaghdaydy basqasha týsinu bolugha tiyisti emes" - degen sózin L.Brej­nevting erekshe núsqauy dep tújyrymdap basa-basa aitty.

Studentterding mәselege mәn berip alangha shyghuynyng sebebine toqtalsaq, jogharydaghy aitylghan Ereymentauda ótken avtonomiyagha dayyndyqty Se­liy­­nograd oblystyq partiya komiytetining lektory Shaprov ózining auylsharua­shylyq ins­tituty studentterining al­dyn­daghy kezekti leksiyasynda iygi ózgeris retinde quanyshpen habarlaydy. Búl mau­symnyng 13-14 júldyzdarynda bolghan.

Instituttyng jataq­ha­na­syn­da qazaq studentteri Qazaqstan jerinde nemis avto­n­omiyasynyng qúryluyn zansyz she­shim dep tauyp, qaytken kýnde de bol­dyrmaugha әreket jasaugha ke­lisimge keledi.

Sóitip 13-15 mausym kýn­deri Se­linograd qalasyndaghy basqa da joghary oqu oryn­da­ry­nyng studentterimen habar­lasyp, 16 mausym kýni úrandar men transparanttar ústap, ortalyq Lenin alanyna shyghady, nemis avtonomiyasynyng Qazaqstanda qúryluyna qarsylyghyn qazaq halqy atynan partiya jәne sovet oryndarynyng basshy­ly­ghyna jazba týrinde úsynady. Al 16 mausymda talaptaryna qanaghattanarlyq jauap beril­megen song 19 mausym kýni úiym­dasqan týrde alangha qayta shyghady da, nemis avtonomiyasy bolmaydy degen tújyrymdy jauapty oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi sekre­ta­ry­nyng óz auzynan estip tarqaydy.

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1979 jylghy mausym oqighasy bizden keyin de әli talay zertteletini anyq. Óitkeni búl qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy tarihy kýresining biri, kommunistik rejimning túsyndaghy jastar arqyly jasalghan últtyq erlik. Son­dyqtan da osy ereuilge qatysty әrbir derek qymbat. Ony kórgen, qatysqan adamdardyng bolymsyz delinetin estelik, derek­terining ózi qúndy.

Tarihty týgendesek, ke­le­shekti býtindeymiz. Ótken kýnderding qahar­man­dyghyn qúrmettesek, býgingi úr­paq­tyng últyna sýiispenshiligin oya­ta­myz. 1979 jylghy mausym erligi - qazirgi óren­derding qolynan týspeytin oqu­lyq­tarda dә­ripteletin erlik. Qazaq elining esh­qanday kýsh múqalta almaghan qaysar ruhynyng dýmpui.

Aldan SMAYYL, jazushy, Memlekettik syilyqtyng laureaty.

"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazeti