Jalghasy. Aldynghy bólimderin myna siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar:

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Ár talanttyng qauyzynyng ashyluyna sebepshi bir tilektes, janashyr adamy bolady. Mysaly Getening túsau keser tuyndysynda baghyt kórsetip, kórkem shygharmagha qoyylatyn talaptardy sinirgen azamat Gerder. Ol Strasburgke kózin emdetu ýshin kelip, Getemen tanysady.

“Gerder arqyly men barlyq jana iydeyalarmen, barlyq baghyttarmen jәne odan óristeytin baylamdarmen tanystym... Men ózimning adamdyq ómirimning biraz jylyn bosqa ótkizgenime ókindim: onyng barlyq qyzyghyn kóru tek ózime ghana baylanysty edi ghoy. Ol ýshin qajetti sharttyng bәrin taghdyr maghan syilamap pa edi?.. Men osy adam bolmasa, kóptegen tosyn oqighalardy basymnan kóshirmes em, kereksiz istermen shúghyldana berer em, jalghan ataq – lauazymgha úmtylar em, ghylymgha degen aldamshy mahabbat pen renishting baghasyn bilmes edim”,– dep moyyndaydy Gete.

Aqyn búl kezendi. “Dauyl men qyspaq dәureni” dep atasa, ghalymdar “Getege deyingi Gete” dep jikteydi.

Al Múhtardyng shygharmashylyq qaynar kózining bastauynda Túraghúl Abayúly túrdy. Búl adamnyng aqyl-kenesi, ruhany qoldauy jәne el arasyndaghy bedeli jas jigitke sheshushi yqpal jasady. Jana jol tapty. Abay auylynyng qoldauynsyz óner sayysyna, onyng ishinde qala ziyalylarynyng qataryna qosylu – qiyn edi. Múhtardyng әr qadamyn qatty qadaghalap, qamqorlyq kórsetti. “Enlik-Kebek” piesasy Túraghúl bolmasa jazylmas ta, sahnagha qoyylmas ta edi. Biylerding aitysyn әr keyipkerding minezi men ómirin Múhtargha óz ýiinde otyryp qaghazgha týsirtken de Túraghúl. Eng alghashqy maqalasyn gazetke bastyrghan da sol adam.

Mәken Túraghúl qyzy: “– Abay auylynyng keyingi kezdegi úitqysy – Túrash agha. Ol kisining ózim biletin qasiyetteri eng aldymen – sheshendigi. Ol kisi talay ret biylik te aityp, eki elding arasyn bitistirdi. Ónerdi asa qadirleytin. Qara sózge – jorgha edi. Qiynnan qiystyryp, úzynnan ýilesimin tauyp, ýzilgen kónildi sózben jalghap jiberetin. Ústamdy. Terennen oilap, baysaldy pikir qozghaytyn. Barlyq Abay auylynyng dәstýrin ilgeri jalghastyrushy, damytushy sol Túrash agha. Keyingilerge de bas-kóz boldy. Ol kisi orys jazushylarynyng әngimesin kóp audardy. Birazy baspasóz betinde jaryq kórdi. Keybiri joghalyp ketti. Ózim biletin Túrash agha audarghan shygharmalardyng ishinde Gorikiyding “Chelkash”, Neverovtyng “Men ómirge jerikpin” (“Ya hochu jiti”), Djek Londonnyng әngimeleri bar. Olardy Múhtar Áuezov baspasózge jariyalatty. Men 17 jasymda túrmysqa shyqtym. Joldasym Erkejannyng birge tughan bauyrynyng balasy, zang qyzmetkeri Úlyqbek Múhamedjanov. Biz júmys babymen Shymkent qalasyna auysqanda Túrash aghada sonda túrdy. Sol kezde – “Qozy Kórpesh-Bayanu súlu” hikayasynyng núsqasyn qissashy shaldardan kóshirip alyp: “Búl óte qajet. Jyrdyng osynday ózgeshe núsqasyn búryn kezdestirgenim joq”,– dep asa ynta qoyyp tyndady. Sodan keyin Abay әkemning tvorchestvolyq jolyn, ólenderining shyghu tarihyn jazghan jurnaly kýni keshe ghana qoldy boldy. Onda mol maghlúmattar kezdesedi. Ol kisi 1933 jyldyng ayaghynda Múhtardyng ýiinde eki aiday qonaq bolyp, sol joly respublikamyzdyng ortalyq atqaru komiytetining sekretary Oraz Isaevqa jolyghyp, tvorchestvolyq júmysy jayly әngimelesedi. Almatydan kónildi oraldy. Alayda, ayaq astynan syrqattanyp, 1934 jyly 6 nauryzda dýniyeden qaytty. Jalpy Múhtar da osy Túrash aghamdy auzynan tastamaytyn. Abay ómirining qyr-syryn, Shynghys tau tarihyn, kóne oqighalardy Múhana jetkizgen Túrash. Bir joly óz ýiinde qonaqta otyrghanda Múhang maghan:

– Mәken, sen osy “Enlik-Kebektin” tolghaularyndaghy qazaq sózderin, jón-jobaly núsqasyn, biylerding aitysynyng negizin kimnen alyp, ýirengenimdi bilemisin, – dedi.

– Joq, Múha.

– Pәli, osy senderding sonday ónegeli jaydy kórmeytinderin, sezbeytindering bar-au. Qúday-au, ózinning әkeng Túrash aghadan estip, jazyp aldym ghoy. Maqtanghanym emes, basqa jazghandarymnan góri “Enlik-Kebektin” tili – túnyp túrghan halyqtyng tili. Erekshe til. Ony Túrash aghama aitqyzyp, kóshirip qaghazgha týsirdim, – dedi.

IYә, ol kisi biylerding psihologiyasyn, kesimin, minez qúlqyn jaqsy biletin. Ózi de revolusiyagha deyin talay er qúnyn sheshetin daugha agha by bolyp, tórelik aitqan. Sol piesanyng alghashqy núsqasyna baskóz bolghan Túrash agha ghoy. Ol el-júrtqa mәlim. Mine, shyraghym, Abay úrpaqtary turaly aitarym osy. Eger úmyt qalyp, esime týskeni bolsa sóz arasynda qosa jatarmyn”.

Shynayy óner tuyndysynyng iyghy qay zamanda bolsa da kýndelikti tirshilikting tauqymetinen biyik túrady. Bir jyldyn, bir ghasyrdyng emes, zamannyng kókeykesti mәselesin kóteredi. “Enlik-Kebek” piesasy da sonday ghúmyrly tuyndy qataryna qosylady. Shiller “Qaraqshylardy” on toghyz, Gete “Jas verterding qasiretin” jiyrma bes jasynda jazyp, últtyq danyshpandardyng qataryna qosylghan. Jiyrma jasar Múhtar “Enlik-Kebek” arqyly әdebiyet tarihyna endi. Múny sol kýni Oiqúdyqta spektaklidi qyzygha kórgender de, “aruaqty atalaryna” til tiygizgenine namystanyp, dau-janjal shygharyp, qamshymen jer sabap ketkender de tolyq sezine qoyghan joq. Tek Túraghúl ghana: “Múhtar, jolyndy endi taptyn. Tizginindi qatty ústa. Ayrylma”,– dep, renjisken aghayyndardyng betin qaytaryp, toqtau aitypty.

Sóitip, Abaydyng qara shanyraghynda qazaqtyng jana bir ónerinin, jana bir órenining túsauy kesildi.

Nysanaly Oiqúdyqtyng basynda qazir shaghyn ghana tas eskertkish túr. Onyng betinde:

“1917 jyly 7 mausymda qazaq halqynyng sahna shymyldyghy túnghysh ret kiyiz ýide, osy Oiqúdyqta “Enlik-Kebek” piesasymen ashyldy. Piesany qoyghan avtordyng ózi – Múhtar Áuezov” – degen sózder qashap jazylghan.

Shalghyny mol jazyqtyng ortasynda kóshken júrttyn, ótken ómirding belgisindey bolyp qalyng shópting arasynan basy qyltiyp osy qalaqtay tas túr. Týstik shyghystaghy tóbening ýstinde mәrmәrden órilgen tas múnara – Enlik-Kebekting mazary kórinedi.

Ekeui de Eraly jazyghynyng alaqanyna tas beynesinde qatyp qalghan tarihtyng kóz jasy siyaqty.

II.

HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq qauymy ózining halyq retinde damu satysynyng tarihy jol aiyryghynda túrdy. Últ bolyp úiyghannan bergi dәuirde múnday taghyryqqa tirelip, kay soqpaqty tandaymyz dep dauryghysqan emes. Qadym zamanynan qalyptasqan tirshiligi, túrmysy, dәuir-salty taghdyr talqysyna týsip, elding bolashaghy ýshin kýrt ózgeristi qajet etetin baghytty tandau qajettiligi tudy. Feodaldyq qarym-qatynastar, rulyq jikteluler, adamdardyng sol kezdegi qoghamnan alyp otyrghan sybaghasy halyqtyn tarih keruenine ilesip, ózine layyq ornyn saqtap qaludy tolyqtay qamtamasyz ete almady. Qazaq últy tolyqtay qalyptasqanmen, olardyng basy bir shanyraqtyng astyna birikpedi. Feodaldyq dәuirdegi jýzdik, rulyq negizge qúrylghan – “bas-basyna by bolghan” әkimshilik jýiesi eskirdi. Samoderjaviyening otarlau sayasaty búl jikshilikti odan әri ushyqtyryp,  “bólip al da biyley ber” degen baghyt ústady. Kóshpeli ómir óristegi qúdyq basy – suattargha ornatylghan kәsipshilik baghandardyng qyspaghynda qaldy. Adam qúnyn – jalghyz auyz sózben sheshken by men bekterding dәuiri ótip, onyng ornyn sot pen týrme almastyrdy. Múnyng barlyghy júrtshylyqtyng sanasyna qatty әser etti. Eskishe ómir sýruge bolmaytynyn úqty.

Ne isteu kerek?

Búl súraq bir adamnyn, bir rudyn, bir jýzding aldynda emes, múqym halyqtyng aldynda túrdy. Oqyghan azamattar jantalasa jol izdedi. Biri – otyryqshylyqqa kóshudi, egin salyp, kәsipshilikpen ainalysudy úsyndy. Onyng úitqysy Múhamedjan Seralin úiymdastyrghan “Ayqap” jurnaly boldy. Ekinshi top: “Qazaqty qazaq etip qalyptastyrghan – kóshpeli túrmys. Maldan aiyrylsa – kýni qaran” desti. Búl pikirler “Qazaq” gazetinde jii aityldy. Qoghamdyq ghylymdy iygerip, basqaru júmysyna aralasyp, sol arqaly elge yqpal jasau maqsaty da kezdesedi. Onda da alauyzdyq bayqaldy. Velikoslaviyanizmge – panturkizmdi, samoderjaviyalyq monarhizmge – últshyldyqty qarsy qoydy.

El basqarudyng – europalyq jәne shyghystyq qúrylymdary talqylandy. Ár týrli sayasy baghyttardy ústanghan qayratkerler shyqty. Ugar (Múqatay) Jәnibekov, Ádilbek Mayqotov, Áliby Jankeldin siyaqty azamattar 1905 jylghy orys revolusiyasynyng yqpalymen bolishevikter partiyasyna mýshe boldy. Eser, Kadet partiyasyna atsalysqandar da az emes edi. Qazaq oqyghandarynyng deni songhysyna býiiri búryp túrdy. Qily-qily baghyttardy kórkem dýnie arqyly dәleldeu maqsatymen “Nasihat qazaqiya”, “Baqytsyz Jamal”, “Qyz kórelik”, “Qalyng mal”, “Tirshilikte kóp jasaghannan kórgen bir tamashamyz”, “Qazaq ham handar shejiresi”, “Qazaq ainasy”, “Tura jol”, “Saryarqa kimdiki”, “Halyq múny”, “Esil júrtym”, “Qazaqtyng osy kýngi әngimesi”, “Alash”, “Oygha kelgen pikirlerim”, “Túr qazaq”, “Qazaqtyng qamy”, “Múnly Mariyam”, “Tarih qazahiya”, “Qyzmetker”, “Nadandyq qúrbany”, “Ótken kýnder”, “Shyn maqsat”, “Zar zaman”, “Jana túrmys”, “Jatpa qazaq”, “Ýsh anyq”, “Tuhfa-iy-jumhuriyat” siyaqty kitaptar jaryq kórdi. Mine, osynyng barlyghy Múhtardyng da ómir jolyn qaqpaylap onyng shygharmashylyq kózqarasynyng qalyptasuyna yqpal jasady.

HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy qazaq ziyalylarynyng arasyndaghy qoghamdyq pikir talastarynan tys Áuezov shygharmashylyghyn oqshau qarau bir jaqtylyqqa sayady. Óitkeni, jazushynyng joly sol kezding tynys-tirshiligimen tikeley baylanasty. Onyng túlghasynyng kýrdeliligi de, qayshylyghy da sonda.

Sol tústaghy qazaq qauymynyng kókiregin syzdatqan eng uytty dertting biri – rulyq alauyzdyq pen әiel tensizdigi, jer men jesir dauy edi. Jogharydaghy atalghan shygharmalardyng deni halyqtyng ruhany ómirindegi osy kýbirtki-kýiikti әshkereleuge arnalghan. Múhtar Áuezov “Enlik-Kebek” tragediyasy arqyly maqsatsyz jaulyqtyng kesirin ashu iydeyasyn berik ústady. HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy “talasyp bosqa, jau bolyp dosqa, qor bolyp qúryp bara jatqan” qazaq elining tirshiligin XVII ghasyrdaghy qatal jazamen, qatygezdik saltpen salystyrady. Ózining týitkil oiyn, nysanaly maqsatyn piesanyng aldynghy “Sóz basynda” tebirene tolghaydy.

“Ardaqty oqushy!

Key kezderde qazaqtyng ótken kýnin sen de eske alushy edin! Atannyng keshirgen dәurenin, istegen erligin, tauyp aitqan sózin júbanyshpen, qúrmetpen sóileushi eding – ghoy. Qayratyna quanushy edin, aqylyna sýiinushi edin. Óz zamanyndy qyzyghy ketip azghan zaman, el berekesi ketip tozghan zaman deushi edin.

Men ótken kýndegi atalarymnyng bir minezin aldylaryna – syngha qoyghaly otyrmyn. Maqsatym: atandy jamandap, seni maqtau emes jәne atandy maqtap, seni de jamandau emes. Shyn maqsatym: osy qazaqtyng dalasyna keshegi kýnderding birinde bolyp ótken bir oqighany sol atalardyng býgingi úrpaghy senderding kóz aldyna kórsetip qana ótu. Syndaryna tapsyru ghana. “Oqushydan”, “kórushiden”, әngimeni tyndaushydan jalghyz tileytinim, eski әngimeni tyndaghandaghy aitatyn әdettegi “jaryqtyqty” tasta, ekinshi ol kýngi qazaq nadan, ýlgisiz degen oryn joq zor keudelikti tasta. Bәrin de qasyndaghy jaqyn adamynday kór. Minezi men qúlqy, әdeti men ýlgisin, jaqsylyghy men jamandyghyn, óneri men kemshiligin kónildegi tarazygha sal.

Senen ekinshi súrarym: sol kýngi atang men býgingi ózinning aranda, sol kýngi qazaq pen býgingi qazaqtyng arasynda qandaylyq aiyrma bar. Qandaylyq artyq, kemdik bar, sony salmaqta.

Ol kýngi qazaq “jaryqtyq” emes bolatyn. Ótkenning bәri de әulie degenin, ótken kýndi kóksegenin, – býgingi kýnning alysynan qashqanyndy kórsetedi, ótken kýn sondaylyq jaqsy ma edi. Sen oilaghanday “qoy ýstine boz torghay júmyrtqalap pa” edi. Ony kórersin.

Ótken qazaqty bilimsiz nadan dep kemsitpe. Býgingi qazaq ta jetsip otyrghan joq. Olardy ýlgisiz, ónegesiz deme, býgingi qazaq ta “kemeline kelip ker torysyna minip” túrghan joq. Ras aiyrmasy bar, ol nede? Ayyrmashtyng joq jeri bar, ol nede?..”

Múqabasyna “Enlik-Kebek”, 3 perdeli, 5 suretti tragediya. (Qayghyly qal) tarihy әngime, eski qazaq túrmysynan” dep jazylghan búl jinaq 192 jyly Orynbor qalasyndaghy “memlekettik baspasóz bólimining kindik qazaq baspahanasynan” jaryq kórdi. Alghy sóz de sol basylymgha arnalghan. Piesanyng alghashqy núsqasymen “Sóz basynyn” jazyluynyng arasynda bes jyl uaqyt bar. Teatr zertteushisi Baghybek Qúndaqbaev 1917 jәne 1922 jylghy núsqalardy mýldem salystyrugha bolmaydy degen pikirdi úsynady. Áriyne, solay. Kiyiz ýige, qarapayym oiyn-sauyqshylargha arnalghan piesanyng ózgerek boluy zandy. Biraq keyinnen týzep, óndegende qanday-qanday ózgerister engizildi, ol arasy Baghybek Qúndaqbaevqa da, bizge de, ózge júrtqa da beymәlim. Jәne Múhtardyng ózi 1943 jylghy núsqasy turaly san ret eskertse de, alghashqy ýlgini ózgertkenin esh jerde eskertpeydi. Soghan qaraghanda ishinara tekstik jóndeuler engizilgenimen, oqighany qúru jýiesi, keyipkerler әreketi, olardyng sany onsha kóp ózgeriske úshyramaghan – dep joramaldaugha negiz bar. Sondyqtan biz de 1922 jylghy kitapqa týpnúsqa retinde jýginemiz. Bógde qoljazba saqtalmaghan. Múhtardyng jiyrmasynshy jyldardaghy tolqymaly kónil kýii, alabúrtqan jastyghy, jan dýniyesinin, aqyl oiynyng buyrqanghan quat-kýshining ystyq taby anyq bilinedi. Esile sheshilgen sheshendik te, ór dauys ta, keyde kilt týniluge auysyp sala beredi. Romantizmdi, óz tilimen aitsaq “sarnamashylyqty” qúlaq kýii etip alghan da, synshyl realistik baghytqa iyek tiregen jas talanttyng tyrnaq aldy tuyndysynyng kirispesinde jәne Nysan abyz tolghauynda batyrlyqpen, jyraulyqpen, serilikpen kýn keshken ótken ómirdi ansau saryny da qylang berip, qobyz ýni arqyly kýnirene estiledi.

Sarghayghan uayymnyng Múhtar shygharmasynan oryn aluy, on altynshy jalghy dýrbelendi, odan keyingi patshanyng jazalau sayasatynyn, “Alash” partiyasynyng yqpalyndaghy jiyrma jasar jigitting ruhany buyrqanysymen astasa syrtqa shyghuy zandy kórinis edi. Zamannyng qyspaghynda ósken Áuezovting tolqymaly kýy keshui, “eskilikting sarnamashylyghyna” úrynuy, sony ekzotika retinde qabyldauy týsinikti de. Birden tragediyalyq tuyndygha qol artyp, dýniyeni ózgertip jibergendey buyrqanuy onyng talant tabighatynyng qalyptasu jolynyng “soqtyqpaly-soqpaqsyz” bolghandyghyn dәleldeydi. Shabyt pen quaty mol oy qayratymen qanaghattanghan Múhtar shalqyp otyryp, ishki emosiyagha da erkindik berip, alyp-úshqan kónil kókdónenining tizginin bosatyp, kósile shabady. Sezimning ystyq tabyn jasyra almay. “Sóz basynyn” sonynda oy salmaghyn karama-qarsy pikirmen jarystyra otyryp, eldik turaly esile de sheshile tolghandy.

“Keshegi Arqanyng esken jeli jeldetken ala tudyng astyna jiylghan jer qayysqan qol qayda? Onyng – ornynda búl kýnde kýngirt pishindi, qonyr momyn qazaq aqsaq-toqsaghyn týrtpektep jýr.

Keshegi sarnaghan qobyz, tamyljyghan sherli sybyzghy, kýnirengen dombyra dauystary qayda, o da óshken. Búl kýngi dala jym-jyrt, múndy jýdeu...

Keshegi seri jigit, erke aqyn әnin toqtatqanday... Dausyn óshirgen, tyndaushy qúlaq qayaulanghan...

Keshegi tentek batyrdyng oinaghy bolghan jasyl belder búl kýnde sarghayghan... Saghynyshpen jýdegen. Endi sol zamannan qalghan ne... Aynymaghan ne nәrse? Aynymaghan: keshegi kýngi jaqynymen jagha jyrtystyrghan alty baqan, ala auyzdylyq ol. Áli kýnge sol qalpynda “alashtyng aty ozghansha, auyldastyng tayy ozsyn” degen, berekesi, tynyshtyghy joq, bitimi, tynymy joq qazaq – әli kýnge sol – qazaq.

Óz qayratyn ózi joyyp, qasyndaghy tuysqanyn qaraqtap, óz qolyn ózi baylap bergen qazaq – әli kýnge sol qazaq. Óshpegen minezi osy. Úmytylmaghan әdet, jazylmaghan dert osy.

Oqushy! Zor keudeli oqyghan bolsan sen de osy minezden arylghan joqsyn. Atannyng eski jolynda sen de jýrsin. Áli de oqushy qara qazaq bolsang oilan. Ózindi ózing syna, sen de aurumen auyryp jýrsin. Tuysqan bauyr, tughan el! Oilansang osyghan oilan, synasang osyny syna.

Aldymen, kózinning qúiryghymen óz ishine ýnilip ót!”

(jalghasy bar)

Abai.kz