Jalghasy. Ótken bólimderin tómendegi siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar: 

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11229

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11255

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11495 

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11536

Alshyn atauynyng týp-tórkininizdeymen alshyndy «alasha», «ala+at+shyn», «lashyn» t.s.s. qazaq sózderine tireytin әuesqoylardy bylay qoyghanda, sayasattanushylar da, mýiizi qaraghaydaytarihshy ghalymdar da ainalysuda.

Qauymdastylyq genetikamen mashyqtanyp jýrgen PhD, sayasattanushy Jaqsylyq Sәbitov «Soglasno Rashid ad-Dinu, alshiny - eto drugoe nazvanie alchiy-tatar, kotorye zanimaly v Zolotoy Orde statusnye pozisiiy».[1]dep Rashid әd-Dinge aitpaghanyn aitqyzyp, alshyndardy tatarlardan tarqatyp jiberdi.

Al tarih ghylymynyng doktory, professor T. O. Omarbekov týrkitterding memleketin qúrghan Ashina turaly anyz ben Saryýisinning balasy Qalsha Qadyr turaly anyzdyng arasyndaghy úqsastyqtardy saralap, týrkitterding ashyn (ashina) ruynyng aty alshyn atauyna satylap ózgergen dey túra,bylay deydi:«Keyingi qazaq Kishi jýzining týp atalarynyng ejelgi Altay-Sayan ónirinde Alaqshyndarmen aralas-qúralas bolyp kóship-qonyp jýrgenderin biz teriske shygharmaymyz... Ásirese biz ýshin alakchinderdi, bomany Kishi jýzdegitaypalardyng jinaqy aty alshynmen tuystastyru asa manyzdy». [2]

G. Grumm-Grjimaylo «Zapadnaya Mongoliya y Uryanhayskiy kray» degen enbeginde HV ghasyrda  Shynghyshannyng Joshy-Shayban tarmaghynan taraghan Ábilhayyr hannyng úlysyna  birikken rulardyng atyn alachin dep ataydy.[3] Búl ghalym osy enbegining 415 betinde tatarlardyn  alshy-tatar degen ruyn «anisiy-tatar» dep jazghan.

Orystyng ekinshi bir ghalymy V. V. Radlov 1869 jyly Sibirge barghan ekspedisiyasynda Kuznesk Alatauynyng tauly ormandaryndaghy alty bolys búratana halyqtardyng ishinde 296 er, 322 әiel adamnan túratyn achyn degen el bar ekenin aitady. [4]

«Po reke Chulym y zapadnee do r. Tomi, v rayonah, vkluchaushih v sebya vysheukazannye r. Bersh, oz. Berchiy-kuli, Burishskie skaly, r. Alchedat,- projivaet turkskoe plemya Kyzyl, v sostave kotorogo iymeiytsya rody bolishoy achin y malyy achiyn; otsuda poluchil nazvanie y gorod Achinsk…Esly v slove «Alchedat» vybrositi okonchanie mnojestvennogo chisla «t», poluchitsya «Alched», chto takje blizko k nashemu «alshyn»- deydi Múhamedjan Tynyshpaev.[5]

Al Shәkәrim qajy «Búrynghy kezde Alaqshyn degen el bolghan, qytaysha Poma deydi. Eniyseyde jýrgen qyrghyzben nәsildes. Alshyn sodan shyqqan bolar» dep úigharghan.

Alshyn sózi qaydan shyqqanyn tabu ýshin ol sózding neni bildiretinin anyqtau kerek. Bir qaraghanda «alshyn» sózi qazaq sózi siyaqty, biraq olay emes. Qazaq tilinde onday sózder barshylyq, ony biz kýnde qoldanamyz, biraq etimologiyasyn qazbalamaymyz. Mysaly ydys-ayaq, bala-shagha, abysyn-ajynsiyaqty qos sózderdegi «ayaq» degen ne? Dene mýshesi ayaqtyng ydysqa qanday qatysy bar? Bala-shaghadaghy «shagha» degen ne? Qazaq tilinde «qyzyl shaqa», «shaqalaq» degen sózder bar, olardyng balagha qanday qatysy bar, t s.s.

Búl sózder monghol tilinen kelgen sózder. Ydys-ayaqtaghy «ayaq» mongholshadan audarghanda ydysty bildiredi. Bala-shaghadaghy «shagha» balany bildiredi, al «ajyn» abysyn degen sóz.

Joshygha ilesip DeshtiQypshaqqa kelgen Alshyndar(Sayat-ýrәnqaylar)13 ghasyrda monghol tilinde sóiledi. Onyng dәleli retinde alshyndar kóbirek túratyn Qazaqstannyng batys ónirindeqazir de qoldanylatyn monghol sózderin keltiruge bolady,mysaly, «nәn»(tym, óte, әbden), «ejige»(qyzylirimshik),«malaqay» (tymaq,qúlaqshyn),«biyalay»(qolghap), «mana» (әlginde)[6]t.s.s.Bir qyzyghy,«biyalay» sózin batysqazaqstandyqtar jalpy qolghap retinde qoldansa, qazaq sayatshylary ýshin búl sóz qyran qústy qolyna qondyrarda kiyetin arnayy bylghary qolghapty bildiredi.  «Bala belde, әiel jolda» deytin dәuirde, Altay-Sayannan kelgen alshyndardyn   Deshti Qypshaq qyzdaryna ýilenip, olardan tughan balalardyn,  nemese odan keyingi úrpaqtardyng tili birtindepolardynana tiline=qypshaq tiline auysqany zandy qúbylys.

Alshyn sózi mongholdyng «ALYHShYN»- ANShY[7] degen sózinen shyqqan. Anshy monghol tilinde «anshyn»[8] dep te, «alyhshy»[9] dep te aityla beredi.

«Alash» úranyn alshyndar Altaydan alyp keldi, XIV ghasyrda ol әli jalpyqazaqtyq úran bolghan joq, ol sózding maghynasy mongholshadan audarghanda «óltirushi» degendi bildiredi  deydi Múhamedjan Tynyshpaev [10]

Rasynda da,Búqatúly Bazylhannyng «Monghol-qazaq sózdiginen» «alash» sózining ekinshi maghynasy «óltirgish, qyrghysh» ekenin kóruge bolady.Alayda «alash» sózining birinshi maghynasy-«anshy»:

ALAACh1. anshy;    2. óltirgish, qyrghysh.[11]

Kәsibi anshy Alshyndardyng úrany da «Alash»(anshy) boluy - zandylyq.

Sonymen,

ALShYN=ALYHShYN= ANShYN=ALShY= ALASh= ANShY!

Alshy-tatar*= anisiy-tatar= anshy-tatar

*Alshy-tatar jóninde qysqasha týsinikteme. Rashid әd-Dinning aituy boyynsha tatarlar altygha bólinedi: tútyqúliuyt-tatar, alshy-tatar, shaghan-tatar, qúiyn-tatar, terat-tatar, barqúi-tatar. Tatarlardyng anshylyqty kәsip qylghan taypasy alshy-tatar dep atalghan, olardyng alshyndargha esh qatysy joq. Batudyng túsynda basshy bolghan alshy-tatar IYt-qaranyng esimi de an-qúsqa baylanysty –-mongholshadan audarghanda «úzaq qargha» degen sóz.

ALShYNDAR 1207 JYLDAN KEYIN 

Alshyndar («Orman eli») jogharyda «Mongholdardyng qúpiya shejiresinen»  keltirilgen ýzindide aitylghanday, 1207 qoyan jyly Shynghys hannyng ýlken úly Joshynyng qol astyna ótti.

«Shynghys qaghan jarlyq etip anagha, úldargha,inilerge el bólip bereyin dep ózining úlys jinap qinalghandar

anam edi ghoy,

úldarymnyng aghasy Joshy edi ghoy,

inilerimning kenjesi Otchyghyn edi ghoy

dep sheshesine Otchyghynnyng ýlesi týmen el berdi. Sheshesi azsynyp ýn qatpady.

Joshygha toghyz myndyq el berdi.

         Shaghataygha segiz myndyq el berdi.

Ógedeyge bes myndyq el berdi.

         Túlúigha bes myndyq el berdi.

Qasargha tórt myndyq el berdi.

Alchytaygha eki myndyq el berdi.

Belgýteyge bir myndyq el berdi».[12]

Sonymen, Alshyndardyng (sayat-ýrәnqaylardyn) búdan bylayghy taghdyr-talayy Joshy hannyng jәne onyng qolbasshylary men izbasarlarynyng is-qimylyna tyghyz baylanysty boldy.

1211 jyly Joshy bauyrlary Shaghatay, Ýgedeymen birge Úly Qytay qorghanynyng soltýstigindegi Shanisy provinsiyasyn jaulaugha qatysty. 

1216 jyly Joshy Sýbeteymen birge Deshti Qypshaq jaqqa qaray tereng reyd jasap,aldynghy jyldary Shynghys hannan jenilis tauyp, qashyp jýrgen merkitterding qaldyqtaryn Yrghyz ózenining boyynda talqandaghany, sol manda 60 myndyq  horezmshah Múhamedting әskerimen kezdesip qalyp ymyrt jabylghansha soghysqany tarihtan belgili.Bәlkim osy shayqastarda sayat-ýrәnqaylar alghash ret Alshyn tuynyng astyna birigip, ózderining rulasy, әriqolbasshysy Sýbeteyding sonynan «alash» dep úrandatyp jaugha shapqan bolar...

1219 jyly Orta Aziya joryghy bastaldy. Joshy әkesining tapsyrmasymen Syr boyyndaghy Syghnaq, Barshynkent, Jent qalalaryn baghyndyrdy.

1645-1663 jyldary Hiuany biylegen Ábilghazy Bahadýr hannyng shejiresi osy jәne osydan keyingi oqighalardy qysqasha bayandaydy.

«Kogda Chingiyz-han poshel [voynoy] na Iran y Turan, gosudarem etih stran byl Sultan Muhammed-horezmshah. Stoliysey ego byl Urgench. Ne buduchy v sostoyaniy srazitisya s Chingiys-hanom, on bejal y napravilsya v Mazenderan. Chingiys-han zahvativ Buharu, Samarkand y Tashkent, poslal na Irak, Gilyan, Mazenderan, Azerbaydjan y Gurdjestan (Gruziya) tridsati tysyach chelovek vo glave s dvumya svoimy bekamy po iymeny Djebe-noyon y Subetay-bahadur. Svoego mladshego syna Tuliy-hana on poslal na Horasan s pyatiydesyatiu tysyach chelovek. Svoego starshego syna Djuchiy-hana, svoego vtorogo syna Chagatay-hana, svoego tretiego syna Ugedey-hana, vseh troih s vosemiudesyatiu tysyachamy chelovek on poslal na Urgench, potomu chto on byl stoliysey Sultana Muhammeda-horezmshaha y mestom, gde jily nukery y [hranilasi] kazna. [V to vremya] v Urgenche horezmshaha ne bylo.Sultany (synoviya horezmshaha), ukryvshisi v gorode iyz-za mirskih blag y rady svoey very, vosemi mesyasev srajalisi [s mogolamiy]. Na devyatyy mesyas synoviya Chingiys-hana vzyaly gorod y predaly jiyteley pogolovnomu izbiyenii.Chagatay y Ugedey povernuly y napravilisi k svoemu otsu v Termez, a Djuchy s pridannymy emu nukeramy iz Urgencha poshel v Desht-y kypchak. Kypchakskiy narod sobralsya. Y proizoshla bitva. Djuchy han pobedil y perebil [vseh] popavshih [emu] v ruky kypchakov;te iz niyh, kotorye spaslisi, ushly k ishtyakam…Kypchaky obitavshie mejdu Itiylem y Tinom, rasseyalisi na [vse] chetyre storony… Djuchy han vzyav v plen [vsu]kypchakskuu molodeji, poselilsya v kypchakskom yurte. Iz mogoliskoy [strany] on pereseliyl suda svou semiu y vse ili, kotorye dal [emu] otes... Zatem Djuchiy-han umer; [ego]iyrt dostalsya ego synu Saiyn-hanu. Dvadsati chetyre cheloveka iz potomkov Djuchiy-hana sarstvovaly v etom yurte. V ego [Caiyn-hana] vremya etot yurt nazyvaly Saiyn-hanovym yurtom. Potom etot yurt dostalsyaMangytam. Pervym iz nih byl Idukibiy, iz roda Ak-Mangyt, syn Kutly-Kayaly. Posle etogo [yrt etot] nazyvaly Mangytovym yurtom».[13]

Búl shygharmadan Alshyndargha qatysty eki kezendibayqaugha bolady.

Birinshisi, Joshynyng qypshaqtardy jenip, otbasyn jәne әkesi bergen elderdi Qypshaq dalasyna kóshirip kelui. Olardyng qayda kóship kelgeni turaly shejireshi aitpaydy, biraq basqa tarihshylar Joshy Ertis ózenining jaghasyna kóship keldi deydi. Ákesi bergen 9 mynelding ishinde orman eli- alshyndar boluy kәmil.

Ekinshisi, 1227 jyly Joshy qaytys bolghannan keyingi onyng júrtynyng – (onyng ishinde alshyndardyng da)taghdyry. Joshyjúrty onyng ýlken úly Batugha tiydi. (Ábilghazynyng shejiresindegi Sayyn-han - osy Batu. Sayyn– mongholshadan audarghanda jaqsy, únamdy, jayly degendi bildiredi.)Batu 1236-1242 jyldary Batysqa joryq jasap, elin-jerin keneytip, Edilding boyynan Saray saldyrdy. Altyn Orda dep atalghan osy memleket 15-16 ghasyrda Ózbek handyghy, Qazan handyghy, Qyrym handyghy,Qasym handyghy, Astarhan handyghy, Qazaq handyghy, Búhara handyghy, Hiua handyghysiyaqty handyqtargha bólinip ketti. Alshyndardyng biraz bóligi sol bólinip shyqqan júrtpen ketti, ekinshi bóligi Joshynyng shóberesining esimimenatalghan Noghay Ordasynyng qúramynda qaldy, ony mongholdyng manghytruynan shyqqan Edigening úrpaqtary ordaydyraghangha deyin biyledi.

ALShYN RULARYNYNG ETIMOLOGIYaSY

 Kezinde qazaqtan shyqqan  túnghysh injener-temirjolshy, qogham qayratkeri, tarihshy  Múhamedjan Tynyshpaev ózining geografiya, topografiya, geodeziya salasyndaghy kәsiby bilimin paydalanyp, «Qazaqtyng eng úsaq rulary tarihynyng ózi milady jyl sanauynan ary ketetindikten, alashtyng eng iri taypasy - alshyndardyng tarihy da ghasyrlar qoynauyna úlasugha tiyis. Endeshe onyng izderin geografiyalyq ataular men tarihy derekterden izdestirip kóreyik»,[14]dep Alshyn rularynyng etimologiyasyn Tauly Altay toponimderimen baylanystyrghan edi. Qazir qúpiya bolmay qalghan Kenes Armiyasynyng Genshtabynyng iri masshtabtaghy әskeriy-topografiyalyq kartalaryn paydalanyp, Altay– Sayan aimaghynyng әrbir sharshy metrinen sol izderdi izdegende búl ghúlama ghalymnynbir ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt búryn bizge bergen baghyt-baghdarynyng dúrystyghyna tәnti bolasyn.