Bir aptanyng ishinde Preziydentimiz Núrsúltan Nazarbaevqa baylanysty eki jaghday júrtty elendetip tastady. Biri – Elbasymyzdyng tegi Shynghyshanmen sәikes degen aqpar. Ekinshisi – Astana qalasynyng atyn Preziydentting esimimen baylanystyru jónindegi deputattardyng úsynysy. Ekinshi mәsele jóninde ghalamtordaghy pikirlerden asyp aitarym joq. Al Elbasynyng tegi Shynghys hanmen bir boluy yqtimal degen pikirge, óz basym,  esh tandanghan joqpyn.

Ghalamtordaghy «Shapyrashty Shynghys hanmen qalaysha tuysady?» degen súraqtargha on jylday búryn jauap tauyp alghanmyn. Onda Shynghys han men Elbasynyng tuystyghyn emes, býgin shapyrashty atalyp otyrghan qazaq ruynyng arghy jaghyn, olardyng qay kezden jazba tariyhqa engenin, qanday ru-taypalardyng qúramynda bolghanyn  azdy-kópti zerttep kórgenmin. Almaty oblystyq «Jetisu» gazetinde Jetisudy mekendep otyrghan qazaq ru-taypalarynyng ózge ru-taypalarmen baylanysy, ejelgi ata qonystary jóninde birneshe ret jazghanmyn. Shapyrashtylardy jeke bólip te qarastyrghanmyn. Búlar mening jeke blogymda da túr. Sol maqalalargha dau aityp, kiykiljing shygharghan eshkim bola qoyghan joq. Osylardy Sizdermen bóliseyin.

Shynghys han zamany, Temirshining ghúmyrnamasy turaly oqyghan kitaptarymnyng esimde qalghandaryn sanamalasam, úzyn-yrghasy jiyrmagha jete jyghylypty. Álem tanyghan ghalymdar men ghalamdyq әdeby orta әbden moyyndaghan qalamgerlerding jarysa jazghan dýniyelerin, tipti, aty beymәlim avtorlardyng da ortagha salghanyn jatsynbappyn. Búlardyng arasynda ótirikti susha sapyratyny, bir últty-rudy ozdyru maqsatynda shimaylanghandary da bar ekenin әu basta angharmappyn. Myndaghan kitap shyqty, jýzdegen kino týsirildi, sany joq madaq aityldy. Mening kóz mayymdy tauysyp jýrgeni osy taudyng etegindegi bir shókim qiyrshyq eken. Degenmen de az-múz habar alghandaymyn.

Osylardyng arasynan alghash ret kýdik tudyryp, Shynghyshandy әr kim óz mýddesine oray búratynyn 1982 jyly V. Chivilihinning «Pamyati» atty romany qolyma týskende týsindim. Aytpaghy-este joq erte zamanda biytin syghyp, qanyn jalaghan orystyng bir top qanshyrqúrsaq qashqyny shyghysty betke alyp, sandalyp ketedi ghoy. Aryp-ashyp, sabylyp jýrip, neshe ailar men jyldar ótkende toqtaydy. Chevelihinning jazuynsha osy jerde keyinnen Temirshi, bolashaq Shynghyshan tuady. Temirshining kózi kók, shiykil sary. Ymyn týsingen shygharsyz! Shynghyshan Chevelihinning paymynda-orys.

 Noghaysibirlik D. Strugachev degen tarihshy «Predky y potomky Chingizhana» atty kitabinde Shynghyshannyng arghy tegindegi myna bir oqighagha basa nazar audarady.  Shynghyshannyng sheshesi  Ualin ujin merkitting Dәu Chiyledu degenining qatyny  edi. Esukey tartyp alyp ketedi. (Búl faktini «Mynghúldyng qúpiya Shejiresi», (Almaty, «Óner», 1998 jyl, 33 bet.), «Altyn tamyr» atty Shynghys kóz júmysymen jazylghan kitaptar, sol zamannyng adamdary, keyingi barlyq ghalymdar da rastaydy) Sonda Temirshi ishte ketken Dәu Chiyleduding úly, demek, Shynghyshannyng tegi-merkit. Esukeyding kindiginen emes. Mynghúlgha bir mysqal jaqyndyghy joq. Dәlel me? Ualin ujinning Chiyleduding qoynyndaghy qatyny bolghany ras qoy. Ras. Onyng ýstine Temýjin men Qasar atyp óltireyin dep túrghanda Bektúr:

-Qasar, atsan-ózing at! Ana merkit Temýjinge Belgiteydi qor qylma,-depti, deydi orys bilgiri. («Mynghúldyng qúpiya Shejiresinde Belgiteyding óltirilgeni rastalady. Biraq dәl mynaday sóz joq. Atalghan kitap, 41-42 bet)

Taldyqorghandyq bir top azamat Shynghyshandy jalayyr etip, menshiktep alghaly qashan. Ghylymiy-tanymdylyq konferensiya ótkizip, mәseleni Taldyqorghan qalasynyng jәne jalayyrlardyng dengeyinde birjola sheship, hattap, ózgeler jaq ashpastay etip mórlep tastady. Dәlel me? T. Tynybayyn degen azamat «Qúpiya Shejirening qúpiyasy»  degen kitabinde (15 bet) «jalayyr» sózining tuuyn bylay jazypty: «Yaqma (Yaghma)- Yaqlaqar- Yaghlaqar- Yaghlaghyr- Jaghlaghyr- Jalayyr». Osylaysha atauy san qúbylghan  jalayyr men Shynghyshannyng arghy atalary bir tuypty. Álem ghalymdary shatysyp jýr eken, dúrysy-T. Tynybayyn men Taldyqorghandyq jalayyrlardiki degen birauyzdy qorytyndygha kelip, qol kóteripti. Mine, bar-joghy osy. Tastay aighaq! Biraq, ÝII ghasyrdaghy kerey, tatar, bura, tama, qypshaq, odan arghy , bizding dәuirimizding basynda bar ýisin, dulat, qanly, nayman, qyrghyz ataulary ózgermey býgingi kýnge jetti. Jalayyr alty shekpen aiyrbastasa, búlar eski shapanyn tastamay әli jýr. Jalayyr ne sebepten, kimnen jasyrynyp atauyn ózgerte berdi eken? Onyng ýstine osy kitaptyng 57 betinde «Jarshoqly» (Jalayyr) dep jәne bir ataudy qosypty.

Qazaq tarihynyn  bilgilerinin  biri Mәmbet Qoygeldi Shynghyshannyng tegine reviziya jasau úyat ekenin qadap túryp aityp edi, múny eskergen eshkim joq. Estuimizshe Mәkeng jalayyr kórinedi. Endeshe, eng bolmasa jalayyr qúlaq qoysa kerek edi Mәkene. Joq, bet qaratpaydy.

Juyrda batystan da Shynghyshandy óz atalastary etushiler qarandady. Aday ishinde «múnal» degen taypa bar eken. Osy múnal uaqyt ózgere kele múnghyl degen sózge ózgergen, әitpese, múnal men mynghúl tamyrlas deydi adaylardyng bir azamaty. Búl dәlelge bireu sener, bireu senbes, biraq, Shynghyshan býgingi qazaq taypasynan eken. Ne jalayyr, ne aday.

Keshe ghana «Sirgelimiz» degen bir aqsaqal da tang etti. Sirgelining ishinde qiyat degen ru baryn bilmeppin. Aqsaqal osy-qiyat taypasynan eken. «Bәrindiki, seniki de bos sóz. Shynghyshannyng qiyat ekeni ras qoy. Ras. Endeshe Shynghyshan sirgeli bolmay kim bolady? Bizding atamyz» dep kesimdi sóiledi. Búghan da dau aitpadym. Shynghyshan, әiteuir, qazaq eken de.

Áneu kýnderi bir oy keldi. Osynsha kitap oqyppyn, Shynghyshandy azdy-kópti bilip qalghandaymyn. Endeshe Shynghys qaghannyng boyynda nayman qany bar-joghyn nege izdestirip kórmeymin? Onyng ýstine men de Taldyqorghan ónirining tumasymyn ghoy. Nayman da aday, jalayyr, sirgeli sekildi sonau shyghysta Temýjinmen qatar kóshken. Sol zamandaghy bar-joghy ýsh-tórt Memleketting biri.

 Shynghyshandy mynghúlgha, europagha, qytaygha baryp naqtyly ghylymy túrghydan zerttep jýrgen, Londonda әlem ghalymdarynyng basyn qosyp ýlken ghylymy mәslihat ótkizgen, professor Q. Zikiriyanov bylay dep jazady: «Týrik júrtynyng tanbasy asa kóp maghúlúmat beredi. Búl shyndyq. Shynghyshannyng ata-babasy ózderin «bórjigen»-bóri úrpaqtarymyz deydi. Al, osy bóri tanba qazaqta bir ghana ruda-naymannyng matayynda ghana bar.» Zikiriyanovty qysqartyp qana keltirdim. Áytpese, búl ózi etek-jendi dýniye. Europa ghalymdary bayandamagha joghary bagha beripti. Shynghyshandy zertteudegi songhy jyldarghy eng ýzdik enbek depti. Al, Europalyqtar bireuding yghyna jyghyla ketpeydi, «pәlen aghamyz bylay degen» sózindi qystyrmaydy, óz oiyn ashyp aitady ghoy.  Ilanbasqa amal joq. Shynghyshan-nayman, onyng ishinde matay boluy әbden mýmkin.

Aytpaqshy, qanday aighaq, qanday ghalymdar men qújattardy arqalanghanyn bilmeymin, T. Tynybayyn degen bauyrymyz ben Beksúltan Núrjekeev aghamyz keyingi kezde Shynghyshan Ile angharynda tughan dep jýrgen kórinedi. Búl Q. Zikiryanovtyng dәlelderin tikeley quattaydy, naq osy Ile boyynda Suly Matay, Susyz Matay degen tau jotalary bar. Tómen qaray Qaptaghay jazyghy tau etegine ilesip jatyr. Yqylymgha barsaq-Qaptaghay qazaq naymandarynyng úrany. Beri týssek naymannyng matayynyng bir atasy-Qaptaghay. «Qaptaghay» degen sózding kóne maghynasy-jabayy bura. Ghajaby, osy bura taypasy da ÝII ghasyrdan beri nayman Memleketining qúramyndaghy, kýni býginge deyin naymannan shet ketpegen baghzy, mol júrt. Ózge Kók Týrik rularynda sonau ÝII ghasyrlardan beri kele jatqan basqa bura taypasy joq. Shynghyshan T. Tynybayyn men Beksúltan Núrjekeev aghamyz aitqanday Ilede tusa, ol jer qalyng mataydyng ortasy bolsa, Temýjin ózin «bórjigen» atasa, bәri kelip túr. Mataydyng tanbasy bóri. Tipti, daulasar ilik joq.

Onyng ýstine mynaghan qaranyz. Qytay arhiyvin bala jasynan aqtaryp, ghúmyry jetkenshe zerttegen Nyghmet Mynjan «Mataylar ÝII ghasyrlardan bastap Jetisudyng býgingi Ile boyyn mekendegen... Sadyrlar olardan shyghysqa qaray bettep, Tarbaghatay taularynan asa jatty» dep ótken ghasyrda jazyp edi. Osynday derekterden son, ózi Jetisuda, Ile boyynda-qalyng nayman-mataydyng ortasynda tusa Shynghyshan nayman bolmay kim bolady? Tap-taza, qospasy joq, naghyz nayman, basqalar beker talasady. Áyteuir-qazaq.

Búl az bolsa tarihshy, shejireshi, qytay jazbalarymen jete tanys Q. Dәukeev bylay jazypty: «Shynghyshannyng shyqqan tegin Qiyat-Bórjigit dep ataytyny belgili. Qiyat taypasynyng qúramynda Qiyat-tobyqty, Jauyrynshy, Aydyn, Bayjigit atty buyndary bolghan. Qytay derekterinde qiyat-irkin degender de aitylady. Yurkin degenimiz kóne kereydin-jyrqyn taypasy». Ary qaray avtor naymangha osy qiyat-jyrqyndar aralasyp, qarakerey atalsa  kerek dep oy pishedi. Basqasyn qaydam, songhy pikir oryndy. Sonau ÝI ghasyrda atalatyn qara, qyzyl, dýrmen, bura, sarjomart, matay, sadyr naymandardyng qara naymanyna kereyding jyrqyny qosylyp qarakerey atalyp ketkenine óz basym senemin. Sebebi, kýni býginge deyin tatar, ózbek, qyrghyz, tyba, noghayda qaranayman atty ru bar. Ózbek, qyrghyzdaghysyn izdep baryp, әngimelestim. Tatardaghymen jol ýstinde tanystym. Tybadaghylardy professor Aybek Sozghaldyng jazghandarynan oqydym. Búl ghalymgha sensek Resseyding Qorghanys Ministri Sergey Shoygudyng naqty aty-jóni Sergek Shoyghy (Shoyyn) jәne ol naymannyng kýjiget ruynan, naymannyng songhy hany Kýshilikting tikeley úrpaghy. Osy kýjiget ózbekting qara naymandarynyng bir kishi atasy. Bayjigit, Janbyrshy, Aydyn rulary qazaq nayman ruynyng qúramynda kýni býginge deyin sorabyn ýzbey kýneltip keledi. Al, tobyqty jayly әngime sәl bólekteu.

Ózbek, tatar, tybadaghy qara naymandargha kereyding qosylyp aitylmauy óte kóp informasiya beredi. Búl, qara naymandardyng Shynghyshan naymandardy jenip, naymandar batysqa dýrkiregenge deyin ýlken bir ru bolghanynyng naqty dәleli. Osy kezende boy tasalaghan qara naymandardardyng bólikteri qandas qyrghyzgha, tyvagha, tatargha sinip ketti. Sol júrttyng esimin aldy. Al qazaq naymandaryna kereyding bir toby qosyldy.

Osylaysha joramaldasaq Shynghyshannyng ar jaghy ne jalayyr, ne, aday, ne sirgeli, ne nayman. Qalay desek te býgingi qazaq.

Endi Joshyhangha keleyik. Ony da mynghúlgha esh qatysy joq, býgingi qazaq ishindegi merkit ruynyng batyrynan tughan bala deushilerding qatary mol. Tipti, HIII ghasyrdy orta túsynda, Shynghys kóz júmghan song otyz shaqty jylda jazylghan «Mynghúldyng qúpiya Shejiresi» men «Altyn tobshy» da osy variantty ary-beri aunatyp alady. Joq demeydi. Sonda Joshyhan taza merkit bolghany. Mynghúlgha da ózgege de esh qatystary joq.

Qazaq arasyndaghy merkitterding izi nayman, kereymen ghana shektelmeydi eken. «Týp- úqiyannan ózime sheyin» degen kitapta mynaday óte-móte qyzyq aqpar jýr:

                        «-Men, Merkit-Shapyrashty balasymyn,

                        Ýisin-Kerey ekeuining talasymyn...» (96 bet)

Kitapqa sensek merkit shapyrashtynyng balasy. Biraq, osy tústa sәl dәlsizdik ketken kórinedi. Shapyrashty, Shejire boyynsha HIÝ-HÝ  ghasyrda ghúmyr keshken Bәidibek babadan taraydy. Búghan talas shyqpasa kerek. Sebebi, «Domalaq Ana»  atty kitapta Nýrila-Domalaq Ana 1376 tughan dep anyq jyzylypty. Bәidibek baba toqaly Domalaq Anadan qansha ýlken bolsa da sol ghasyrda tusa kerek. Al professor E. Sәlimbaydyng « Ata-baba tarihynan» atty kitabindegi  derekke sýiensek, merkitter ÝII ghasyrdaghy nayman konfederasiyasynyng qúramyndaghy segiz rudyng biri. (Almaty, 2007 jyl, 34 bet) Sonda ÝII ghasyrdaghy nayman Memleketining qúramyndaghy Merkit pen HIÝ ghasyrdan ata bastauyn alatyn shapyrashtynyng arasynda jeti jýz jyl aiyrmashylyq jatyr. Ákesi dep otyrghan, HIÝ ghasyrda tughan Bәidibek babadan taraytyn Shapyrashty-balasy delinetin merkitten jeti ghasyr kishi bolyp shyqty. Demek, kitapta әke men balanyng orny auysqan sekildi. Onyng ýstine, qazaq tarihynan az ghana sauaty bar kez-kelgenimiz Semey ónirindegi Qalba tauda Qoysoymas-Qarasha biylerding bastauymen 1700 shanyraq shapyrashtynyng 1770 jyldardan túrghanyn, mólsheri 1810 jyly týstikke jyljyghanyn, osy kezden 1840 jyldargha deyin Lobsu (Lepsi) men Qopalyny (Qapal) mekendep, ýlken bóligining Alatau etegine kelip qonystanghany 1840 jyldardan beri ekenin, osy uaqyttarda Úly Jýzding qúramyna tolyq engenin bilemiz. Búl tarihy oqighany V. Andreev eki jýz elu, N. Aristov jýz elu, M. Tynyshbaev jýz jyl búryn jazyp ketken. Kýni býginge deyin әlem tanyghan búl ghalymdargha qarsy dau aitqan kәsibi, bilikti tarihshy shygha qoyghan joq. Demek, jóni de osy-au! Ne desek te shapyrashtynyng ýlken bir bóligi, «Týp-túqiyannan ózime sheyin» atty kitaptyng jazuynda sóz joq-merkitter. Osy derekke senimmen qarau kerek siyaqty. Sebebi, múny ózge emes, shapyrashtylardyng óz atalary jazyp otyr,  talasa qoymas.

Tarihshylardy tang etetin bir oqigha-Shynghyshannyng túsynda Ýisin, Arghyn sekildi eki iri ru atalmaydy. Arghyndardyng búl jaghdayyn Shәkәrim qajy «Mening oiymsha ol kezde arghyndar naymandargha baghynghan» dep týsinidirip ketken. (Shakarim Kudayberdi-Uly, Almaty, «Jazushy», 1990 jyl, 77 bet) Shәkәrim atanyng búl sózin «Arghyndar nayman Memleketining qúramynda bolghan» dep týsingen oryndy. Ol tústa shyghysta Kók Týrik úrpaghynan Nayman, Kerey, Qyrghyz Memleketteri, batysqa qaray Kók Týrik taypalarynan qúralghan Qidan (Qaraqytay) Memleketi ghana bolghany anyq. Býgingi qazaq rulary, qalay degende de osy Memleketterding qúramynan bólinip shyqqandar degen shyndyqqa sәikes keletin sekildi.

Endi manadan bergi jazyp otyrghandarymyzdyng basyn qossaq, Shynghyshan da, Joshy da merkit boluy mýmkin. Joshy, Joshynyng úrpaqtary, shyntuaytyna kelsek, Shynghyshan alghan jerlerden de úlan-ghayyr jerdi jaulady. Ókinishtisi-barlyq ataq-danq birjola Shynghysqa audy. Áytpese, býkil batys dýniyesin basyp alghan, Europany at túyaghynyng shanyna bóktirgen Shynghys emes, Joshyhannyng úrpaqtary ghoy. Joshynyng úrpaqtarynyng enbekteri Shynghyshannyng kólenkesinde qalyp keledi. Býkil әlem búlardy monghol dep biledi. Al, bizding kózimiz monghol emes Kók Týrikting bir bútaghy-merkit ekenine jetedi. Tóre de emes, ózge de emes-Kók Týrikting óz úldary.

 Mine, osy oqighalardy aldygha tarta otyryp, Qazaqstanda Joshy hangha layyqty qúrmet kórsetu qajet dep sanaymyn. Altyn Ordanyng derbes iyesi retinde Joshy úrpaqtaryn tolyq moyyndauymyz qajet. Sonyng basy etip Joshyhangha Astanada alyp eskertkish qong kerek. Joshyhannyng kesenesin býgingi kýnning talabyna jauap beretin kýrdeli arhiytekturalyq  keshenge ainaldyryp, býkil Kók Týrik úrpaghy ziyarat etetin qasiyetti oryn jasau-mindet. Búl oidaghy-orys, qyrdaghy-qytaygha Altyn Ordanyng múrageri tek qana qazaq ekenin aighaqtap túrar edi. Altyn Ordanyng múrageri biz-qazaq bolsaq bizding jerge eshkim talasa almaydy. Kerisinshe, kórshi jatqan memleketterding barlyghy Altyn Ordadan-qazaq júrtynan bólinip shyqqan bolady. Demek, ózgening jeri «meniki» dep aitsaq, biz ghana aita alamyz.

Kelesi bir óte shәkimdi mәsele-shapyrashtynyng bir bóligi «Týp- túqiyannan ózime sheyin» atty kitaptyng avtorynyng aituy boyynsha «shapyrashty» atalyp ketken merkitter eken. Búl kitap jóninde Qabdesh Júmadilov, marqúm Balghabek Qydyrbekúly, Myrzatay Joldasbekov, Beksúltan Núrjekeev syndy dualy auyzdy ghalymdar men jazushylar aitty ghoy. Ne desek te, basqasyn qaydam, shapyrashty men merkitting tamyrlas bir ata ekenine, óz basym, senimdimin. «Týp- túqiyannan ózime sheyin» degen kitap shapyrashtylardyng bar shejiresin aityp túr deydi ghoy. Búl shapyrashtylardyng óz sózi. Endeshe, Elbasymyz shapyrashtynyng ishindegi naq osy bólikten ata bastauyn aluy, ar jaghy Shynghyshannyn, ber jaghy Joshyhannyng atalasy boluy әbden mýmkin. 

Búl jerde «Shapyrashty-merkit, merkit-shapyrashty boluy qalay?» degen súraq tuady. Múnyng jauaby-býgingi qazaq rulary HÝIII ghasyrdyng ayaghyna deyin bir ortadan ekinshi ortagha auysyp, tolyghyp, sayasy odaq qúryp kelgen kóne Kók Týrikting taypalary. Áleumettik, qoghamdyq, territoryalyq jaghdaylargha baylanysty bir taypadan ekinshi taypagha auysu, rulardyng birigui, bólinui sol zamandargha tәn qúbylys ekenin tarihshylar óte jaqsy biledi. Jogharyda Shәkәrim atamyzdyng jazghany osynyng bir dәleli.

Mine, osy sebepten de Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaevtyng Shynghyshan men Joshyhannyng atalastary-úrpaghy bolu mýmkindigin joqqa shyghaugha bolmaydy. Ghalymdar Elbasynyng boyynan Shynghyshannyng tegin tapqany ras bolsa, búl kelesi bir manyzdy faktordy ashyp, aishyqtap kórsetedi. Preziydentimiz-Kók Týrikting tóli. Abaydy qaytalasam «Ár qazaq-mening jalghyzym».

Endi aitarym-búl mening jeke pikirim. Naqtyly tarihy oqighalardyng jelisin týiistiruden tughan boljamym. Qatarlas oilarynyz bolsa bólisersizder.

Kamal Ábdirahman, Astana

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