Maqta shiykizaty ekinshi valutalyq daqyl bolghandyqtan, Ýkimet qaulysymen biday siyaqty strategiyalyq daqyldar qataryna ense jón bolar edi, deydi Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy ghylymiy-zertteu institutynyӊ bas diyrektory, Qazaqstannyӊ eӊbek siӊirgen qayratkeri, QR Últtyq ghylym akademiyasynyӊ korrespondent-mýshesi Ibadulla Ýmbetaev. 

Ghalym óziniӊ jergilikti BAQ-ta jariyalaghan "Aq altyn" - elimizge "baq altyn" bola ala ma?" degen maqalasynda elimizde maqta sharuashylyghyn damytu jayly oy tolghaydy. Osy maqalany nazarlaryӊyzgha úsynamyz: 

"Elimizdiӊ oӊtýstiginde suarmaly eginshilik erteden qolgha alynyp, sonyӊ ishinde maqta sharuashylyghy óӊirdiӊ bir milliongha juyq halqynyӊ birden-bir kýnkóris kózi bolyp keledi. Maqta - tehnikalyq daqyl retinde qorshaghan ortagha, aua rayyna, topyraqtyӊ qúnarlylyghyna, әsirese kýn kózi men aghyn sugha talghamy joghary daqyl.

Ósirip baptau - vegetasiya kezeӊinde maqta talabyna say agrotehnikalyq is-sharalar óz uaqytynda jәne sapaly jýrgizilse, ónimdilikti әr gektardan 40-50 sentnerge deyin jetkizuge bolady.

Maqta talshyghy osy ósimdiktiӊ beretin negizgi shiykizaty bolyp tabylady. Shitti maqtada 30-38% talshyq, 50-56% shit bolady, al, shitte 18-22% maqta mayy bar. Odan 20-dan astam týrli dayyn búiymdar shygharugha bolady.

Shitti maqta - halyq sharuashylyghynyӊ toqyma ónerkәsibi, may óӊdeu, gidroliyz, himiya jәne basqa da salalary ýshin qajetti shiykizat.

Shitti maqtadan jәne qozanyӊ vegetasiyalyq ósip-jetilu barysyndaghy bóliginen mynaday zattar jasap shygharylady: maqta-mata kezdemeleri, jipter, jasandy jibek jәne teri, kord, bylghary, fetr, parashut jasalatyn kezdemeler, tazartylghan may, sabyn, lak, kýnjara, mal azyghy, balyq aulaytyn aular men arqandar, tyӊaytqyshtar men ósimdikti qorghau dәri-dәrmekteri, spirt, taghamdyq belok, himiyalyq zattar. 1 keli maqta talshyghynan 5 metr aqjaymalyq material, 12 metr shyt nemese 20 metr bәtes, 1 keli shitten 180-200 gramm may, 450 gramm kýnjara, 360 gramm shit qabyghy alynady. Al, shitten plastmassa, kino jәne foto plenkalary, linoleum, lak jasalady. 1 tonna shit qabyghy 85 litr spirt, 300 keli qúrylys taqtalaryn, 28 keli kómir qyshqylyn, 20 keli sirke qyshqylyn beredi. Maqtanyӊ qozapayasynan epoksid aralastyryp, ystyq tәsilmen syghymdau arqyly taqta materialdaryn (DSP) alugha bolady. Olardy qúrylysqa jәne ýy jiýazdaryn jasaugha paydalanady.

Álemde jýzge juyq memleket maqta ósiredi, olar negizinen subtropikalyq jәne tropikalyq klimattyq beldeude ornalasqan. Qazaqstan Respublikasy maqta óndirude jer sharyndaghy soltýstik nýktede ornalasqan. Sondyqtan bizdiӊ elimizdegi maqta sharuashylyghynda birqatar erekshelikter bar. Atap aitar bolsaq, keybir jyldary maqta pisip ýlgeru ýshin kýn kóziniӊ jyluy jetispeydi, sondyqtan maqtany defolianttar jәrdemimen jetildiruge tura keledi. Óӊirde orta talshyqty maqtany ósirip baptaudy ýirengen fermerler joghary sapaly ónim óndiredi.

Búl salanyӊ tarihyna azdap oy jýgirtetin bolsaq, Keӊes odaghynyӊ solaqay sayasatynyӊ kesirinen egemendik alghannan keyin auyl sharuashylyghynda jýrgizilgen reformanyӊ alghashqy kezeӊinde-aq maqta óndirisi túiyqqa tirelgen edi. Óitkeni, 1990 jylgha deyin maqta daqyly basym boldy. Mәskeu jergilikti maqta óndirushilerdiӊ jaghdayymen sanaspay, keleshekke mәn bermey, tek jyldan-jylgha kóp maqta óndirudi talap etken bolatyn. Biraq búl sayasat halqymyzdyӊ әleumettik ahualyna, ónimdilikke, topyraq qúnarlylyghyna, jerdiӊ meliorasiyalyq jaghdayyna, auyl sharuashylyghy óniminiӊ sapasyna keri әser etip, maqta aurulary men ziyankesteriniӊ kóbeiine jәne ózge de karantindik aramshópterdiӊ tarauyna әkelip soqtyrdy.

Onyӊ ýstine, elimizde maqta salasy boyynsha ghylymiy-zertteuler joqtyӊ qasy bolatyn. Ózimizdiӊ otandyq sorttar da bolmady. Maqtanyӊ túqymdyq shitti sorttary men tehnologiyalaryn kórshimiz Ózbekstan arqyly alyp jýrdik. Shamasy, osy jaghdaygha baylanysty bolar, sol uaqytta keybir "kóripkelderimiz" Qazaqstannyӊ maqta sharuashylyghy keleshekte Ózbekstannyӊ maqta sharuashylyghyna әbden tәueldi boluy mýmkin degen sózderdi jii aitatyn.

Elimiz egemendik alghan soӊ suarmaly jer, qyruar tehnika, maqta tazalau zauyttary jekeshelendirildi. Jer payy bólinip, ortasha 5-10-20 gektardan sharua sharuashylyqtary qúryldy. 1995-1997 jyldary tek maqta óndirisimen ainalysatyn sharualar sany Oӊtýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda 85 myӊgha jetti. Jekeshelendiru júmystary kezinde maqtanyӊ ónimdiligi әr gektardan 17-19 sentnerge deyin tómendep ketti.

QR Ýkimeti, Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi maqta sharuashylyghyn damytu maqsatynda birneshe is-shara qabyldap, jaӊa jetistikterge jol asha bastady. Ásirese, 2003-2005 jyldardaghy "Auyl jyly", "Agrobiznes - 2020" baghdarlamalary maqta salasynyӊ tiyimdiligin arttyrdy. Maqta óndirushilerge subsidiya bólu, janar-jagharmaydy, tyӊaytqyshtardy, aghyn sudy, himiyalyq preparattardy paydalanuda 40 payyzdyq jeӊildik beru sharualardyӊ yntasyn arttyra otyryp, joghary ónimdi, sapaly maqta óndiruge qol jetkizdi.

El ekonomikasyndaghy tolghaghy jetken mәselelerdi tereӊ týsinetin Elbasy 2005 jyly qaӊtar aiynda Astanada ótken agroónerkәsip kesheni qyzmetkerleriniӊ respublikalyq keӊesinde auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderin óndirude jәne óӊdeude, sonyӊ ishinde, oӊtýstiktegi maqta sharuashylyghynyӊ joghary әleuetin ashuda klasterlik jýieni belsendi paydalanudyӊ qajettiligin, osy arqyly toqyma ónerkәsibin damytugha bolatynyn, maqta óndiru, óӊdeu salasynyӊ keleshegi bar ekenin basa kórsetti. Jaӊa tәsil men innovasiyalyq-industrialdyq tehnologiya negizinde bәsekege tótep beretin ónim shygharugha, auyl sharuashylyghy ghylymyn, onyӊ ishinde qoldanbaly agrarlyq zertteulerdi damytugha nazar audardy.

Elbasy maqta salasyn damytuda algha qoyghan mejelerdi ózi tikeley baqylaugha aldy. Sóitip, Oӊtýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq qúrylyp, Qazaqstannyӊ maqta-toqyma klasteriniӊ alghashqy qazyghy qaghyldy.

Endi osy istiӊ jemisin kórip otyrmyz. Óitkeni, oblysta óndirilgen maqta talshyghynyӊ 30 payyzdan astamy tereӊ óӊdelip, yaghny jip iyiretin, mata toqityn, jaӊa ýlgidegi bәsekege qabiletti dayyn búiymdar óndiretin fabrikalar iske qosyldy. Myӊdaghan júmys orny ashyldy, al, búl kórsetkish egemendiktiӊ alghashqy jyldarynda nebәri 3-4 payyzdan aspaytyn edi.

Eger oblysta óndirilgen maqta jәne onyӊ janama ónimderin tereӊ óӊdep, dayyn búiym jasap eksportqa jibersek, 2 mlrd. AQSh dollaryna juyq tabys tabar edik. Qazirgidey ekonomikalyq daghdarys beleӊ alyp, múnay baghasy arzandap jatqan uaqytta maqta salasyn damytyp, ony tereӊ óӊdep, tauarlardy eksportqa shygharu elimizdiӊ ekonomikasyn birshama damytugha oӊ әserin tiygizeri sózsiz.

Soӊghy jyldary qazaq maqtasy býkil әlemdik maqta ósiretin memleketter arasynda ónimdilik boyynsha beyresmy reytingte aldyӊghy qatarly oryndardy iyelenip jýr. Maqta óndiretin 95 memlekettiӊ arasynda elimiz 2013 jyly 11-shi orynda bolsa, 2014-2015 jyldary 10-shy orynnan kórindi. Ónimdilik әr gektardan 29,5 sentnerden asty.

Oblysta búl kórsetkishti jaqyn arada әr gektardan 35-40 sentnerge jetkizuge tolyq mýmkindikter bar. Óitkeni, maqta óndiru salasynda әli paydalanylmay jatqan mýmkindikter jәne kedergiler jetkilikti.

Eger jýzege asatyn is-sharalargha toqtalatyn bolsaq, eӊ birinshi úsaq jeri bar sharualardy irilendiruden bastau kerek. Qazir elimizde "Auyl sharuashylyghy kooperatiyvi" turaly zaӊ shyghyp, ony oryndau ýshin barlyq jaghday jasalghan. Alda oryndaytyn maqsattargha jerdiӊ qúnarlylyghyn arttyru jolynda auyspaly egisti endiru, ol ýshin maqta salasyn әrtaraptandyru, aghyn sumen tolyq qamtamasyz etu, jerdiӊ meliorasiyalyq ahualyn jaqsartu, túqym sharuashylyghyn jýiege keltiru, azot, fosfor tyӊaytqyshtarymen tolyq qamtamasyz etu jatady. Jaӊa auyl sharuashylyghy tehnikalaryn satyp alu joldaryn jeӊildetu, tiyimdi subsidiyalau joldaryn qarastyru, maqta tazalau zauyttaryna qoldau kórsetu siyaqty birqatar júmystar sapaly oryndalsa, maqtanyӊ ónimdiligi eselep artar edi.

Maqta sharuashylyghyndaghy ghylymiy-zertteulerdi damytu, otandyq bәsekege qabiletti maqtanyӊ jaӊa sorttaryn shygharu, jalpy maqta óndirudiӊ tiyimdiligin innovasiyalyq tehnologiyalardy óndiriske endiru arqyly arttyru maqsatynda "Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy" ghylymiy-zertteu instituty ghalymdary ainalysyp, birqatar jetistikterge jetti.

Atap aitsaq, elimizde ózimizdiӊ otandyq maqta sorty joq bolatyn. Biz kórshi memleketterge tәueldi edik. 2000 jyldan bastap bәsekege qabiletti ózimizdiӊ otandyq sorttar shygha bastady, qazirgi taӊda olardy maqta óndirushiler paydalana otyryp, jalpy egistiӊ 85 payyzyna endirdi. Endi eshkimge tәueldi emespiz.

Soӊghy jyldary institut ghalymdary 30-dan astam innovasiyalyq tehnologiyalar jasap, olardy óndiriske endiruge úsynys berdi. Sonday-aq, 48 innovasiyalyq jәne seleksiyalyq patentke, 144 avtorlyq kuәlikke ie boldy.

Ghalymdar dayyndaghan әzirlemelerdi óndiriske engizu baghytynda sharualarmen tikeley baylanysyp, kelisimshart negizinde óndiristi ghylymy qoldau, liysenziyalyq jәne kommersiyalyq kelisimder arqyly júmys jýrgizude. Institutta fermerlerge bilim taratu ortalyghy ashylghan, maqta óndiretin óӊirlerde bes sharua sharuashylyghynyӊ bazasynda instituttyӊ ghylymy jetistikterin kórsetetin alaӊdar úiymdastyrylghan. Ghalymdar 23 shetel ghylymiy-zertteu instituttarymen jәne eki halyqaralyq ghylymiy-zertteu kompaniyalarymen tyghyz baylanysta.

Jaӊa tehnologiyalardy óndiriske engizu fermerlerdiӊ arnayy bilimi jetkilikti bolghanda ghana jaqsy nәtiyje beredi. Ókinishke qaray, әrbir 100 fermerdiӊ 13-inde ghana arnayy orta jәne joghary bilimi bar, búl óte tómen kórsetkish. Osy problemany sheshu maqsatynda Qazaq Últtyq agrarlyq uniyversiyteti basshylyghy jәne mamandarymen tyghyz baylanysta júmys jýrgizudemiz. Bilikti mamandarmen birlesip atqarghan júmys barlyq uaqytta jaqsy nәtiyje beretini belgili, sondyqtan elimizdegi maqta óndiru, ony tereӊ óӊdep eksportqa shygharu qolymyzdan keletin júmys dep esepteymin.

Sheteldik maqta satyp alatyn treyderler elimizde bosqa jýrmegeni belgili. Osy jerde mynaday oy tuady. Eger sheteldik treyderler bizdiӊ elimizden "oljalap" jatqan milliondaghan paydany tabumen óz elimizdegi iri biznes ókilderi, kәsipkerler nemese "KazAgro" siyaqty qarjyly mekemeler ainalyssa, qyruar qarjy óz elimizde qalar edi.

Maqta shiykizaty ekinshi valutalyq daqyl bolghandyqtan, Ýkimet qaulysymen biday siyaqty strategiyalyq daqyldar qataryna ense, "aq altyngha" degen kózqaras ózgerer edi. Al, maqtagha kózqaras dúrys bolsa, saladaghy birqatar problemalar ózinen-ózi sheshilip keteri sózsiz.

Maqta- elimizdegi ýlken tabys әkeletin 100 jyldyq tarihy bar daqyldardyӊ biri. Sondyqtan osy saladaghy mәselelerdi birlesip jýiege týsirsek qana mol ónimge qol jetkizemiz. Sonda ghana qazaq maqtasy "Aq altyn - elimizge baq altyn" bola alady".

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