(1926-1959 jj.)

Jetpis Taldybaev, tarihshy, zanger

1926 jylghy Býkilodaqtyq halyq sanaghy boyynsha Qazaqstannyng aumaghynda túrghan túrghylyqty halyqtardyng sany 6500895 adamdy qúraghan. Olardyng 537820-sy, yaghny 8,3 payyzy qalalarda, al 5963075-i, demek 91,7 payyzy auyldyq jerlerde túrghan edi. Endi olardyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 3713394 adamdy qúrap, respublika halqynyng 57,1 payyzy bolsa, al orystar qatary qazaqtardyng sandyq ýlesinen (243315 adamgha) yaghny 37,4 payyzgha tómendeu 1279979 adamdy qúrap, demek 19,7 payyz bolghan eken. Al qala túrghyndarynyng ishindegi qazaqtardyng sany men ýlesi 77554, yaghny 2,1 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 283767, demek 22,2 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sanyna qaraghanda orystardyng sandyq ýlesi (206213) yaghny 20,1 payyzgha joghary bolghan eken. Endi auyldyq jerlerde túrghan qazaqtardyng sany 3635840, yaghny 97,9 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 996212, demek 77,8 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sany orystardyng sanyna qaraghanda (2639628 adamgha) yaghny 20,1 payyzgha basymdau bolghanyn kóremiz [1].

(1926-1959 jj.)

Jetpis Taldybaev, tarihshy, zanger

1926 jylghy Býkilodaqtyq halyq sanaghy boyynsha Qazaqstannyng aumaghynda túrghan túrghylyqty halyqtardyng sany 6500895 adamdy qúraghan. Olardyng 537820-sy, yaghny 8,3 payyzy qalalarda, al 5963075-i, demek 91,7 payyzy auyldyq jerlerde túrghan edi. Endi olardyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 3713394 adamdy qúrap, respublika halqynyng 57,1 payyzy bolsa, al orystar qatary qazaqtardyng sandyq ýlesinen (243315 adamgha) yaghny 37,4 payyzgha tómendeu 1279979 adamdy qúrap, demek 19,7 payyz bolghan eken. Al qala túrghyndarynyng ishindegi qazaqtardyng sany men ýlesi 77554, yaghny 2,1 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 283767, demek 22,2 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sanyna qaraghanda orystardyng sandyq ýlesi (206213) yaghny 20,1 payyzgha joghary bolghan eken. Endi auyldyq jerlerde túrghan qazaqtardyng sany 3635840, yaghny 97,9 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 996212, demek 77,8 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sany orystardyng sanyna qaraghanda (2639628 adamgha) yaghny 20,1 payyzgha basymdau bolghanyn kóremiz [1].

1939 jylghy sanaq boyynsha Qazaqstanda túr­ghan halyqtardyng sany 6151102 adamdy qúrady. Olardyng 1710027-si, yaghny 27,8 payyzy qalalarda, al 4441075-si, demek 72,2 payyzy auyldyq jerler­de ómir sýrgen edi. Endi olardyng ishindegi qazaqtardyng sany 2327625 adam bolyp, respublika halqynyng 37,8 payyzyn qúrasa, al orystar qatary qazaqtardyng sandyq ýlesinen (121503 adamgha) yaghny 2,0 payyzgha basymdau 2449128 adamdy qúrap, demek 39,8 payyz bolghan eken. Al qala túrghyndarynyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany men ýlesi 374675, yaghny 16,1 payyz bolsa, al orystar qatary 977876, demek 39,9 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sanyna qaraghanda (603261) yaghny 23,8 payyzgha artyghyraq bolghan eken. Endi auyldyq jerlerde túrghan qazaqtardyng sany 1953010, yaghny 83,9 payyzdy qúrap, al orystardyng qatary 1471252, demek 60,1 payyz bolsa, qazaqtardyng sany orystargha qaraghanda (481758 adamgha), yaghny 23,8 payyzgha joghary bolghan eken [2].

1959 jylghy halyq sanaghy boyynsha Qazaqstannyng aumaghyndaghy halyqtardyng sany 9309847 adamdy qúraghan. Olardyng 4067224-i, yaghny 43,7 payyzy qalalarda túryp, al qalghan 5242623-i, demek 56,3 payyzy auyldyq jerlerde túrghan edi. Endi olardyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 2794966 adamdy qúrap, respublika halqynyng 30,0 payyzy bolsa, al orystar qatary qazaqtardyng sandyq ýle­si­nen (1179263 adamgha) yaghny 12,7 payyzgha joghary­lau 3974229 adamdy qúrap, demek 42,7 payyz bolghan eken. Al qala túrghyndarynyng ishindegi qazaqtardyng sanymen ýlesi 678531, yaghny 24,3 payyz bolsa, al orystar qatary 2343282, demek 59,0 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sanyna qaraghanda (166475 adamgha) yaghny 34,7 payyzgha artyghyraq bolghan eken. Endi auyldyq jerlerde túrghan qazaqtardyng sany 2116435, yaghny 75,7 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 1630947, demek 41,0 payyzdy qúrap, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (485488 adamgha), yaghny 34,7 payyzgha joghary bolghany bayqalady [3].

Qazaqstan halqynyng sany 1926-1959 jyldary aralyghynda (1937 jyly - 1380712, al 1939 jyly - 349793 adamgha azayghanyna qaramastan) 2808952-i adamgha, yaghny 69,8 payyzgha óskeni anyqtalyp otyr. Al osy jyldary Respublikadaghy qazaqtardyng tek sany ghana emes, ýlesi de kýrdeli ózgeristerge úshyrap, óte tómendep ketti: 1926 jyly olardyng sany - 3713394 bolsa, 1937 jyly - 2181520, 1939 jyly - 2327625, al 1959 jyly - 2794966 ghana edi. Osy jyldary Respublikanyng aumaghynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany (1937 jyly - 1531874, yaghny 58,7 payyz, al 1939 jyly - 1385769, demek 62,7 payyz) 918428 adamgha, yaghny 75,3 payyzgha kemigeni bayqalyp otyr. Yaghny osy 34 jyl ishinde qazaqtardyn  sany 22,9 payyzgha kemidi, al olardyn  Respublikadaghy halyqtardyng arasyndaghy ýlesi búl jyldarda óte azayyp, qazaqtar óz Otanynda az últqa ainaldy: 1926 jyly - 57,1 payyz bolsa, 1937 jyly - 42,6 payyz, 1939 jyly - 37,8 payyz, al 1959 jyly - 30,0 payyzgha deyin tómendedi. Demek, qazaq últynyng múnday qasiretti taghdyrdy sol kezdegi Kenes Odaghy, onyng bir bóligi bolghan Qazaqstannyng basynan keshirgen iri sayasi-ekonomikalyq jәne qoghamdyq ózgeristerinde, solardyng nәtiyjeleri men saldarynan tuyndaghan edi.

1926-1959 jyldary Kenes Odaghy halqy 42 payyzgha, al Qazaqstan túrghyndary 43 payyzgha ósse, qazaqtar Odaq kóleminde 9,5 payyzgha (346 myngha), respublikada 25 payyzgha (700 myngha) kemidi. Olardyng ýlesi de Odaqta 0,97 payyzgha (2,7 payyzdan 1,73 payyzgha), al respublikada 27,5 payyzgha tómendedi: 1926 jyly 3,4 million (57,1 payyz) bolsa, 1937 jyly 2,1 million (42,6 payyz), 1939 jyly 2,3 million (2,3 payyz), al 1959 jyly 2,7 million (29,6 payyz) edi [4]. Yaghny 1930 jyldan bastap qazaqtar óz otanynda az últqa ainaldy. Onyng negizgi sebepteri: tabighy ósimning tómendeui; әsirese 1932-1933 jyldardaghy asharshylyqta qazaqtardyng jappay qyryluy; sheteldermen basqa aimaqtargha kóship ketuding keng óris aluy; sayasy qughyn-sýrgin saldary; Úly Otan soghysyndaghy qúrbandyqtardyng kóp boluy jәne taghy basqalar.

Jalpy Odaq dengeyine qaraghanda Qazaqstanda halyqtyng tabighy ósui edәuir joghary bolghanyn basyp aitqan jón. Mysaly, 1940 jyly Odaq boyynsha tabighy ósu 13,2 promiyl(1 myng adam) bolsa, Qazaqstanda 19,4 promilige jetip, 6,2 promilige asyp týsken. Soghys jyldarynan song búl kórsetkish kóp ósti: 1950-1954 jyldary Odaq boyynsha tabighy ósu koeffisiyenti 17,0 promili bolsa, Qazaqstanda 26,4 promilige, 1955-1959 jyldary Odaq ta 17,6 promili, al Qazaqstanda 29,1 promilige jetken, yaghny búl eki kezende 9,1 promiliden jәne 11,5 promilige artyq bolghan. Qazaqstan Odaqta tabighy damu jóninen 4-5 oryndy túraqty alyp otyrghan. Degenmen zerttelip otyrghan kezenning alghashqy onbes-jiyrma jyldary ishinde qazaqtardyng tabighy ósu dengeyi, respublikadaghy basqa últ ókilderimen salystyrghanda, tómen boldy. 1926-1927 jyldary búl kórsetkish qazaqtarda 18,4 promili jәne 21,0 promili ghana bolsa, orystarda 34,4 promili jәne 32,9 promili edi [5]. Sharualardy újymdastyru jyldary jәne Úly Otan soghysy kezinde kýrt tómendegen tabighy ósim keyingi jyldary edәuir ósti: 1947 jyly 22,0 promili, 1952 jyly 25,0 promili, al 1957-1959 jyldary 31,4 promiliden 35,9 promilige deyin kóterildi. 1920-1930 jyldary tuylghan nәresteler arasynda er balalar basym boldy. 1958 jyly qazaqtardyng tuu dengeyi respub­lika boyynsha 42 promilige jetse, últtyng az shoghyr­langhan aimaqtarynda búl kósetkish edәuir joghary boldy. Mysaly, Pavlodar oblysynda 49,0 pro­mili, Sol­týstik Qazaqstan oblysynda 47,5 promili bol­dy [6]. Osynday joghary tabighy ósu nәtiyjesinde qa­zaq úl­tynyng 1960 jyldardaghy demografiyalyq kýrt damuy­na (jarylys) negiz jasaldy.

Qazaqtardyng arasyndaghy kóship-qonu proseste­rining kýshti boluy nәtiyjesinde olardyng terriy­to­riyalyq ornalasuynda, yaghny Kenes Odaghynda, onyng ishinde Qazaqstanda jәne shetelderde túruynda ýlken ózgerister boldy. Búl ózgerister әsirese, 1920-1930 jyldary auqatty sharualardy tәrkileu, qazaqtardy jappay zorlap otyryqshylandyru men újymdastyru kezinde Kenes Odaghynyng basqa aimaqtary týgil, shet elderge aua kóshuining tikeley nәtiyjeleri edi (600 myn).

1920-1930 jyldary qazaqtardyng syrtqa kóshui olardyng óz respublikasyndaghy sany men ýlesine keri әser etti. Degenmen qazaqtardyng basym kópshiligi, ýlesi azayghanyna qaramastan, óz Otanynda túryp, ómir sýrdi. Tek 1926-1939 jyldary arasynda Odaqtyng basqa aimaqtarynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 868 myngha deyin jetip, ýlesi 8,6 payyzdan 24,9 payyzgha deyin ósti. Óz respublikasynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 1,300 myngha juyq kemip, ýlesi 91,4 payyzdan 75,6 payyzgha deyin tómendedi. Degenmen keyingi 20 jyl ishinde (1939-1959 jyldary) óz Otanynda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany da, ýlesi de óse bastady: 1959 jyly Odaqtyng basqa aimaqtarynda túratyn qazaqtar 22,8 payyz (922 myng adam) bolsa, óz respublikasyndaghylardyng ýlesi 77,2 payyzgha jetti. Kenes Odaghynyng basqa respublikalarynda túratyn qazaqtardyng kóbirek shoghyrlanghan jerleri, Resey (1939 jyly 10,0 payyz, 1959 jyly 9,0 payyz), Ózbekstan (8,9 payyz jәne 7,9 payyz), Týrikmenstan (1,8 payyz jәne 1,6 payyz) jәne taghy basqalar [7].

1932-1933 jyldary jappay asharshylyqta qyrylghan qazaqtar sany jóninde әr týrli pikirler bar [8]. Tek 1926-1927 jyldardyng arasynda, halyq sanaqtarynyng resmy mәlimetteri kórsetkendey, qazaqtardyng sany Odaq boyynsha 1 million 106 myngha, al respublika ishinde 1 myngha kemip ket­kenin de eskeruimiz kerek. Biz S.Ayymbetovtin: osy ashar­shylyqtyng qúrbany bolghan qazaqtar 2,5 miyl­liongha juyqtady degen boljamyn quattaymyz [9].

Qazaq halqy, әsirese onyng ziyaly qauymy men partiya Kenes oryndaryndaghy basshy qyzmettegi belsendi azamattar 1930 jyldary sayasy qughyn-sýrginge kóp úshyrady. Tek 1935-1938 jyldary 135 myng qazaq sayasy repressiyanyng qúrbany bolyp, atyldy [10].

Úly Otan soghysy kezinde Qazaqstannan 1 million 202 mynnan astam adam armiya qataryna shaqyrylsa, onyng 601 mynnan astamy elge qaytyp oralmaghan, múnyng 350 mynynan kóbi qazaq azamattary edi. Sonda 1926-1959 jyldary arasynda asharshylyqtan, sayasy qughyn-sýrginnen jәne Úly Otan soghysynan da jәne t.b. kóldeneng jaghdaylardyng qúrbany bolghan, qazaqtar sany 2 millionnan 3 milliongha juyq bolghan dep boljaugha negiz bar siyaqty. Sonymen qatar respublika halqynyn, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng osy zerttelip otyrghan 34 jyl ishinde tabighy ósui, jogharyda kórsetilgen teris jaghdaylardyng zardaby saldarynan bolghan ólim-jitim ornyn toltyra da almady [11].

Al endi 1926-1959 jyldary aralyghyndaghy Qa­zaqstannyng әkimshilik aumaqtyq bólinu erekshelik­teri boyynsha respublika halqynyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany men ýlesin aimaqtardaghy qalalar men auyldar boyynsha (guberniyalarda, uezderde, okrugterde jәne oblystarda) ornalasu jaghdaylaryn taldap jәne ony orystardyng sany men salystyryp qarastyrsaq, osy zertteu aralyghynda Respublika halqynyng aimaqtargha shoghyrlanuy men sanynyng ósip-kemigen qarqynyn bes ekonomikalyq aimaqtargha (Ontýstik, Soltýstik, Ortalyq, Batys jәne Shyghys Qazaqstangha) bólip qarastyrsaq, 1926-1959 jyldary aralyghynda bolghan tarihy ózgerister men halyqtyng sany men qúramyna әser etken jaghdaylar búl atalghan aimaqtardan demografiyalyq sipatyn barynsha ózgeristerge týsirgenin kórsetedi.

Osy aralyqta (1926-1959 jj.) Qazaqstannyng Ontýstik aimaghynda túratyn halyqtardyng sany 1169361 (12 ese) adamgha kóbeyip, 63,6 payyzgha ósse, olardyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany 233405-ke (83,7 payyzgha) kemise, al orystardyng qatary kerisinshe 943593-ke (19,3 payyzgha) artqan edi. Al qala túrghyndarynyng sany 1145208-ge, yaghny 14,6 payyzgha artyp, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 229253-ke (10,5 payyzgha) jogharylasa, al orystardyng sany 671917-ge (10,1 payyzgha) ósken eken. Endi auylda túratyndardyng sany 24153-ke, demek 98,7 payyzgha kóbeyip, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 462658-ge (67,2 payyzgha) kemise, al orystardyng sany kerisinshe 271676-gha (35,7 payyzgha) ósken edi.

Soltýstik aimaqta túratyn halyqtardyng sany 1152497 (11 ese) adamgha ósip, 58,1 payyzgha artty. Olardyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany 41863-ke (92,4 payyzgha) kemise, al orystardyng qatary kerisinshe 765599-gha (38,4 payyzgha) jogharylaghan edi. Al qalada túratyndarynyng sany 750059-gha, yaghny 12,4 payyzgha jogharlap, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 84966-gha (10,0 payyzgha) artsa, al orystardyng sany 438704-ke (13,7 payyzgha) kóbeygen eken. Endi auylda túratyndardyng sany 402438-ge, demek 78,8 payyzgha ósip, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng sany 126829-gha (76,7 payyzgha) azaysa, al orystardyng sany kerisinshe 326895-ke (55,5 payyzgha) artqan edi.

Batys aimaqta túratyn halyqtardyng sany 172324 (2 ese) adamgha azayyp, 86,1 payyzgha kemigen. Olardyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany 362762-ge (60,5 payyzgha) tómendese, al orystardyng qatary kerisinshe 149828-ge (53,6 payyzgha) ósken edi. Al qalada  túratyndarynyng sany 351844-ke, yaghny 27,7 payyzgha jogharylap, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 129831-ge (10,6 payyzgha) artsa, al orystardyng sany 149902-ge (29,4 payyzgha) kóbeygen eken. Endi auylda túratyndardyng sany 524168-ge, demek 54,2 payyzgha kemip, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 492593-ke (45,5 payyzgha) kemise, al orystardyng sany 74-ke (99,9 payyzgha) azayghan edi.

Shyghys aimaqta túratyn halyqtardyng sany 54704 (1 ese) adamgha kemip 95,8 payyzgha tómendegen. Olardyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany 389528-ge (45,5 payyzgha) azaysa, al orystardyng qatary kerisinshe 357419-gha (52,7 payyzgha) kóbeygen edi. Al qalada túratyndarynyng sany 502211-ge, yaghny 19,3 payyzgha kóbeyip, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 58874-ke (27,2 payyzgha) jogharylasa, al orystardyng sany 384589-gha (16,0 payyzgha) artqan eken. Endi auylda túratyndardyng sany 556915-ke, demek 53,2 payyzgha kemip, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng sany 448402-ge (35,3 payyzgha) kemise, al orystardyng sany 27170-ke (91,6 payyzgha) azayghan edi.

1926 jylghy sanaqta Ortalyq aimaqta túratyn halyqtargha baylanysty mәlimet berilmegendikten, 1959 jylghy osy aimaqta túratyn halyqtyng sanyn 1939 jylghy sanaqtyng mәlimetterimen salystyryp anyqtaugha tura keledi. Sonymen 1939 jәne 1959 jyldar aralyghynda Ortalyq aimaqta túratyn halyqtardyng sany 600345 (6 ese) adamgha ósip, 41,1 payyzgha kóbeygen bolsa, olardyng arasyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 58371-ge (70,0 payyzgha) jogharylasa, al orystardyng qatary 296431-ge (38,6 payyzgha) artqan edi. Al qalada túratyndar­dyng sany 562339-gha, yaghny 29,5 payyzgha jogharylap, onyng ishinde qazaqtardyng qatary 55201-ge (44,7 payyzgha) artsa, al orystardyng sany 283098-ge (32,1 payyzgha) ósken eken. Endi auylda túratyndardyng sany 38006-gha, demek 82,8 payyzgha artyp, onyng ishinde qazaqtar­dyng sany 2170-ke (97,7 payyzgha) kóbeyse, al orystar­dyng sany 13333-ke (79,6 payyzgha) ósken edi [12].

Qazaqtardyng respublikanyng aimaqtarynda XX ghasyrdyng basynda qalyptasqan dәstýrli ornalasuy búl jyldary da saqtalyp, óz erekshelikterin anyqtay týsti. 1926 jyly respublikada túratyn qazaqtardyng negizgi bóligi 1439277-i, yaghny 39,7 payyzy Ontýstik aimaqta túrsa, Batys aimaqtaghy qazaqtardyng sany 919483, demek 25,3 payyz bolyp, al Soltýstik aimaqtardaghylardyng qatary 554215, yaghny 15,3 payyzdy qúrasa, Shyghys aimaqta bar bolghany 714637-i, ghana qazaqtar túrghan eken. Keyingi 34 jyl boyynda búl qalyptasqan dәstýrli ornalasugha kýrdeli ózgerister engen joq. Mysaly, 1959 jyly Ontýstik aimaqta túratyn qazaqtardyng sany 1205872-i, yaghny 43,2 payyz bolsa, Batys aimaqtaghylardyng qatary 556721-r, demek 19,9 payyzdy qúraghan edi, endi Soltýstik aimaqtaghy qazaqtardyng sany 512352-i, yaghny 18,3 payyz bolsa, Shyghys aimaqtaghylardyng qatary 325109-z, demek 11,6 payyzdy qúrasa, al Ortalyq aimaqta túratyn qazaqtardyng sany bar bolghany 194912-i, yaghny 7,0 payyz bolghan eken [13].

1926 jyly respublika túrghyndarynyng azyraq bóligi 520510-y, yaghny 8,4 payyzy qalalarda bolyp, al kóbirek bóligi negizinen 5675846-y, demek 91,6 payyzy auyldyq jerlerde túrdy. 1939 jyly qalalarda túratyndardyng sany (azyraghy) 1710027-i, yaghny 27,8 payyzdy qúrasa, al auyldarda túratyndardyng qatary (kóbiregi) 44441075-i, demek 72,2 payyz bolghan edi. Endi 1959 jyly qalalardaghylardyng sany (azyraghy) 4067224-i, yaghny 43,7 payyz bolsa, al auyldaghylardyng qatary (kóbiregi) 5242623-i, demek 56,3 payyz bolghan eken. Demek, múnan bayqaytynymyz qalalarda túratyndardyng sanyna qaraghanda, auylda túratyndarynyng qatary basymyraq ekeni bayqalady. Endi búlardyng arasynda 1926 jyly qazaqtardyng sany, qaladaghylardyng ishinde (azyraghy) 73879-y, yaghny 2,0 payyz bolsa, orystardyng qatary (azyraghy) 280964-i, demek 22,0 payyz bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (207085 adamgha) 20,0 payyzgha tómenirek bolghan, al auylda túratyndardyng 3553733-i, yaghny 98,0 payyzy (kóbiregi) qazaqtar bolsa, 994091-i, demek 78,0 payyzy (kóbiregi) orystar bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (2559642 adamgha) 20,0 payyzgha jogharyraq bolghan eken. Al 1939 jyly qalalardaghy qazaqtardyng sany (azyraghy) 374615-i, yaghny 16,1 payyz bolsa, orystardyng qatary (azyraghy) 977876-y, demek 39,9 payyzy bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (603261 adamgha) 23,8 payyzgha tómenirek bolghan, al auylda túratyndardyng 1953010-y, yaghny 83,9 payyzy (kóbiregi) orystar bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (481758 adamgha) 23,8 payyzgha jogharyraq bolghan eken. Endi 1959 jyly qalalarda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany (azyraghy) 678531-i, yaghny 24,3 payyz bolsa, orystardyng qatary (kóbiregi) 2343282-i, demek 59,0 payyz bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (1664751 adamgha) 34,7 payyzgha tómenirek bolghan, al auylda túratyndardyn  2116435-i, yaghny 75,7 payyzy (kóbiregi) qazaqtar bolsa, 1630947-i, demek 41,0 payyzy (azyraghy) orystar bolghan edi, qazaqtardyng sanyn orystardyng sanymen salystyrghanda (485488 adamgha) 34,7 payyzgha jogharyraq bolghan eken.

Endi osy aralyqta qalalarda túratyn qazaqtardyng sany (1939 jyly 297061, yaghny 14,0 payyz) 600977 adamgha, demek 22,2 payyzgha ósken bolsa, kerisinshe auyldardaghy qazaqtardyng qatary (1939 jyly 1682830, demek 14,0 payyz) 1519405 adamgha, yaghny 22,2 payyzgha kemigen edi. Sonymen 1926 jyly respublika túrghyndarynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng 2,0 payyzy qalalarda bolsa, búl dengey 1939 jyly 16,1 payyzgha artyq, al olardyng qatary 1959 jyly 24,3 payyzgha ósken eken. Al 1926 jyly respublika túrghyndarynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng 9,0 payyzy auyldarda bolsa, búl dengey 1939 jyly 83,9 payyzgha tómendese, al olardyng qatary 1959 jyly 75,7 payyzgha kemigen edi. Demek ghasyrlar boyy kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli ómir saltyn ústanyp kelgen qazaq halqynyng Kenes ókimeti kezinde qalalargha shoghyrlanuy, irgeli mәdeny ortalyqtargha jinaqtaluy bayau jýrdi. Óitkeni, búl ýderis tabighy jolmen jýrgennen góri syrtqy kýshterge tәueldi boldy [14].

1920-1930 jyldary auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy qyzyl terror qalalargha arzan qara júmys kýshin әkelumen birge auyl túrghyndarynyng qalalargha keluin kóbeytti. Sondyqtanda qala túrghyndarynyng qatary artyp, arshynday ósip kele jattqan óndiris oryndary kóptegen jana qalalar tughyzdy. 1926 jyly Qazaqstannyng aumaghyndaghy 24 qalalyq eldi mekenderge 6 qala jәne 18 qala tiptes kentter jatqyzylsa, 1939 jyly olardyng qatary ósip, qala men qala tiptes 81 eldi mekenderding 28-i qalada, al 53-i qala tiptes poselkiler boldy. Endi 1959 jyly respublika boyynsha qalalardyng sany 43-ke jetip, 101-r qala tiptes eldi mekenderding 15-i qala da, al 86-y qala tiypindegi poselkiler bolghan edi [15].

Qazaqtar qala túrghyndarynyng ishinde az boldy, onyng basty sebebi - kópke deyin auyl sharuashylyghy basym bolghandyqtan qalalar óte bayau damydy. Tek Kenes zamanyndaghy industriyalandyrudyng iske asuyna baylanysty qalalardyng ósui keninen óris ala bastady. 1926 jyly respublika boyynsha 100 myng halqy bar birde bir qala bolghan joq, al túrghyndary 50 mynnan asqan jalghyz qala Semey (56871 adam) ghana edi, olardyng ishindegi qazaqtardyng sany 8254, yaghny 14,5 payyz bolsa, al orystardyng qatary 33000, demek 58,0 payyz bolghan eken [16]. Degenmen 1939 jyly Qazaqstanda túrghyndary 100 mynnan asqan ýsh-aq qala: Almaty (296631 adam) olardyng 40134-i, yaghny 13,5 payyzy qazaqtar, al 202953-i, demek 68,4 payyzy orystar bolghan. Qaraghandy (235053 adam) onyng 75527-i, yaghny 32,1 payyzy qazaqtar, al 134108-i, demek 57,0 payyzy orystar boldy. Semey (153768 adam) onyng 40641-i, yaghny 26,4 payyzy qazaqtar, al 93107-i, demek 60,5 payyzy orystar bolghan edi [17]. Endi 1959 jylgha qaray búl jaghday kýrt ózgerdi: túrghyndary 100 mynnan asqan qalalardyng qatary ongha jetti, yaghny ýsh ese ósti. Olardyng qatarynda: Almaty (654385 adam) olardyng 66497-i, yaghny 10,2 payyzy qazaqtar, al 45736-y, demek 68,9 payyzy orystar boldy. Qaraghandy (797392 adam) onyng 101728-i, yaghny 12,7 payyzy qazaqtar, al 417206-y, demek 52,3 payyzy orystar edi. Semey (228194 adam) onyng 56120-y, yaghny 24,6 payyzy qazaqtar, al 133322-i, demek 58,4 payyzy orystar bolghan. Shymkent (333251 adam) onyng 72775-i, yaghny 21,8 payyzy qazaqtar, al 145001-i, demek 43,5 payyzy orystar eken. Óskemen (394396 adam) onyng 24768-i, yaghny 6,3 payyzy qazaqtar, al 324743-i, demek 82,3 payyzy orystar boldy. Selinograd (257699 adam) onyng 39985-i, yaghny 15,5 payyzy qazaqtar, al 129347-i, demek 50,2 payyzy orystar edi. Jambyl (201670 adam) onyng 34228-i, yaghny 17,0 payyzy qazaqtar, al 103702-i, demek 51,4 payyzy orystar bolghan. Qostanay (187776 adam) onyng 11931-i, yaghny 6,3 payyzy qazaqtar , al 110422-i, demek 58,8 payyzy orystar bolghan. Aqtóbe (174426 adam) onyng 41881-i, yaghny 24,0 payyzy qazaqtar, al 74836-y, demek 42,9 payyzy orystar boldy. Guriev (161766 adam) onyng 93329-y, yaghny 57,7 payyzy qazaqtar,al 50230-y, demek 31,1 payyzy orystar bolghan eken. Biraq qalalarda syrttan kelgen júmysshylar, ma­mandar men basqa әleumettik toptar ókilderi bola bergendikten qazaqtardyng ýlesi kóp jogharylay qoyghan joq. 1926-1959 jyldar aralyghyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany 9 ese, al ýlesi 12 ese óskenimen (2,0 payyzdan 24,3 payyzgha), olar barlyq qala túrghyndaryna 14 pen jete almady. Soltýstik, Ortalyq jәne Shyghys aimaqtarynyng qalalarynda qazaqtardyng az boluy (5 payyzdan 18 payyzgha) dәstýrge ainalsa, kezinde respublika astanasy bolghan - Almatyda 1926 jyly 7,0 payyzdy qúrap, 1939 jyly 13,5 payyz bolsa, al olardyng qatary 1959 jyly 10,2 payyz ghana boldy.

Jogharyda respublikanyng qala túrghyn­darynyng ishindegi orystardyng basym ekendigin kórsettik, degenmen keybir irileu qalalarda qazaqtardyng basymdylyghy bayqalady. 1959 jyly Jambyl, Selinograd, Qaraghandy jәne Pav­lodar qalalaryndaghy qazaqtardyng ýlesi 18 pa­yyzdan asqan joq. Tek qazaqtar basymyraq bolghan qalalar: Gurievte - 57,7 payyz, Qyzylordada - 51,4 payyz, Aqtóbede - 24,0 payyz, Semeyde - 24,6 payyz, Shymkentte - 21,8 payyz bolghan edi [18].

Qoryta aitqanda 1926-1959 jyldar ara­ly­ghynda respublika halqynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany 27,1 payyzgha kemigen. Búghan sebep bolghan, ekonomikalyq sayasatty búrmalaghan, qazaq halqyna qarsy qandy terror úiymdastyrghan F.IY.Goloshekin basqarghan Qazaqstan ólkelik partiya komiytetining basshylary edi.

Degenmen de búl kezende qazaq halqy ýshin aitarlyqtay ózgerister boldy. Respublika halqynyng arasynda qazaqtardyng sany men qúramy jәne әleu­mettik qúramynda ózgerister bayqaldy. Kópshiligi kósh­peli sharuashylyqpen ainalysatyn halyq oty­ryq­shylyqqa ainaldy, respublika qalalarynyng sany men halqy ósti. Qala halqynyng arasynda qazaq­tar­dyng sany kóbeydi. Qazaqstan kóp últty elge ainaldy.

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