Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 7490 0 pikir 30 Qarasha, 2010 saghat 09:13

Zardyhan Qinayatúly. Aq Orda qazaqtyng alghashqy memleketi

Tarihshy Zardyhan Qinayatúly  70  jasqa toluyna oray Últtyq kitaphanada shaghyn otyrys ótkizdi. Kóz mayyn tauysyp, úzaq jylghy zertteulerining nәtiyjesinde jazyp shyqqan ýsh birdey kitabynyng túsaukeserin qosa ótkizdi. Tarihshyny mereytoyymen qúttyqtap, «Shynghas han jәne qazaq memleketi», «Kóshpendilik ghúmyr», «Kózqaras» kitaptarynyng oqyrman qazynasyna ainaluyn tilek ete otyryp, az-kem әngimege tartqan edik.

- Shynghys han turaly jazghan eki kitabynyzdyng janalyghy nede? Búghan deyin Qazaqstan tarihynda Shynghys han turaly belgisiz bolyp kelgen dýniyeler bar ma?

- Negizi Shynghys han tarihy Qazaqstanda jazylghan joq. Ásirese, qazaq tilinde. Shynghys hannyng tarihyn kóbine orys tarihshylary jazdy. Batys, shyghys tarihshylary da jazdy. Biraq, qazaq tarihshylary, qazaq qauymy Shynghys han turaly orys tarihshylarynyng enbekterinen jәne onyng audarmalarynan aldy. Sondyqtan Qazaqstanda ózindik shynghystanu ghylymy taqyryby  qazaq tilinde qalyptasqan joq. Sodan kelip, Shynghys han turaly bizding ghylymy bazamyz osal boldy. Sóitip, ana jer, myna jerden kelgen adamdar Shynghys han anau eken, mynau eken dep qiyal hikayattar júrt arasyna kóptep tarady. Jәne búl әngimelerge bizding shynghystanu jónindegi osal bazamyz sendi. Sonyng kesirinen aqyn-jazushylarymyz ben jurnalisterimizding arasynda ghylymgha say kelmeytin әngimeler tarap ketti. Osy oi-pikirlerge ghylymy jauap beru ýshin osy eki kitapty jazdym.

Tarihshy Zardyhan Qinayatúly  70  jasqa toluyna oray Últtyq kitaphanada shaghyn otyrys ótkizdi. Kóz mayyn tauysyp, úzaq jylghy zertteulerining nәtiyjesinde jazyp shyqqan ýsh birdey kitabynyng túsaukeserin qosa ótkizdi. Tarihshyny mereytoyymen qúttyqtap, «Shynghas han jәne qazaq memleketi», «Kóshpendilik ghúmyr», «Kózqaras» kitaptarynyng oqyrman qazynasyna ainaluyn tilek ete otyryp, az-kem әngimege tartqan edik.

- Shynghys han turaly jazghan eki kitabynyzdyng janalyghy nede? Búghan deyin Qazaqstan tarihynda Shynghys han turaly belgisiz bolyp kelgen dýniyeler bar ma?

- Negizi Shynghys han tarihy Qazaqstanda jazylghan joq. Ásirese, qazaq tilinde. Shynghys hannyng tarihyn kóbine orys tarihshylary jazdy. Batys, shyghys tarihshylary da jazdy. Biraq, qazaq tarihshylary, qazaq qauymy Shynghys han turaly orys tarihshylarynyng enbekterinen jәne onyng audarmalarynan aldy. Sondyqtan Qazaqstanda ózindik shynghystanu ghylymy taqyryby  qazaq tilinde qalyptasqan joq. Sodan kelip, Shynghys han turaly bizding ghylymy bazamyz osal boldy. Sóitip, ana jer, myna jerden kelgen adamdar Shynghys han anau eken, mynau eken dep qiyal hikayattar júrt arasyna kóptep tarady. Jәne búl әngimelerge bizding shynghystanu jónindegi osal bazamyz sendi. Sonyng kesirinen aqyn-jazushylarymyz ben jurnalisterimizding arasynda ghylymgha say kelmeytin әngimeler tarap ketti. Osy oi-pikirlerge ghylymy jauap beru ýshin osy eki kitapty jazdym.

Biz ghylymmen ainalysamyz. Ghylymy tarih oqimyz, izdeymiz. Al, әlemning ghylym tarihynda Shynghys han monghol ma, emes pe degen súraq joq. Búl әldeqashan sheshilip, aitylyp qoyghan mәsele. Jalpy, Shynghys hannyng tarihy әlemde eng kóp jazylghan tariyh. Tipti, Makedonskiyden de, Petr I den de, Yuliy Sezarden de asyp týsedi. Nege deseniz, batys pen shyghystyng arasyn qosyp jәne osy eki aralyqty jaulap alghan Shynghys hannan basqa eshkim joq.

Men Shynghys han turaly óte ýlken janalyq ashyp jiberdim dep aita almaymyn. Shynghys hannyng ómir-tarihyn ghylymy derekter negizinde naqty beruge tyrystym. Sonymen birge búl eki kitap Shynghys han turaly qazaq tilinde alghash ret jazylghan  ghylymy monografiya. Qazaq tilinde monografiya emes, jay jazylghan birneshe kitap bar.

Monografiya - oqushy qauymgha Shynghys han turaly naqty ghylymy maghúlmat alugha kómek bola ma dep oilaymyn.

Sonyng syrtynda búl enbekte kóp nәrseler anyqtaldy. Mysaly, búryn Shynghys hannyng tughan jylyn 1155 jyl dep jazyp keldi. Rashid ad dinning jibergen qateligin qaytalap keldi. Al endi batystyn, shyghystyn, qytaydyng ghalymdary Yuan shy arqyly Shynghys hannyng tughan jyly 1162 jyl dep anyqtaghan, qazir sol boyynsha belgilenip kele jatyr.

Ekinshi, bizde «Qazaq handary Shynghys hannyng úrpaqtary bolsa, Shynghys han nege qazaq emes?» degen úghym bar. Ony ajyratu ýshin bizding tarihy dәuirdi ekige bólip qarau kerek. Shynghys han 1218 -1224 jyldar aralyghynda Orta Aziya jaulap alghan. Jaulap alghannan keyin Shynghys han qaytty. El men jerdi úldaryna bólip berdi. Al úldarynyng ekinshi, ýshinshi úrpaghy qazaghy qazaq, ózbegi ózbek bolyp ketti. Bizding qazaqty biylegen Joshynyng úrpaqtary ekinshi, ýshinshi úrpaqtarynan bastap qazaq bolyp ketken. Sondyqtan olardy biz múnghúl dep eseptemeymiz. Múnghúldyng biyligi 1368 jyly qúlady. Sodan bastap bizding qazatyng handarynyng ózining әuleti qalyptasty. Osy nәrse taratylyp osy kitapta kórsetildi. Qazaq memleketin qúrghan taypalar jәne Shynghys hanmen birikken taypalardyng ara baylanysy, olardyng etnotegi kim degen mәselege myna kitapta negizinen jauap berildi.

- Qazaq tarihy Aq Ordadan  bastau alady dep jatyrsyz ghoy. Biraq osyghan baylanysty da talas-tartys kóp qoy.

- Bizde Kerey men Jәnibek han 1465-1466 jyldary qazaq handyghyn qúrghan kýnnen bastap, qazaq memleketi, qazaq eli payda boldy deydi. Eger qazaq degen halyq joq bolsa, onyng tiregi joq bolsa, memleket degen jalghyz kýnde qalyptaspaydy ghoy. Sondyqtan ol Aq Ordanyng tónireginde qalyptasty. Búrynghy shyghys-qypshaq territoriyasynda qalyptastqan. Al, halqy qypshaq, qazaq negizinde qúralghan memleket.

Orys han qazaq handarynyng atasy dep tanylghan adam. Ol Joshy hannyng jetinshi úrpaghy. 1361 jyly Orys han Aq Ordagha han bolghan kýnnen bastap, ony qazaqtyng túnghysh hany, qazaqtyng alghashqy memleketi delinip kóp jerlerde aitylyp, jazylghan. Sondyqtan, biz, Aq Ordany qazaqtyng alghashqy memleketi dep tanyp, ony mәdeniyeti, territoriyasy túrghysynan  jan-jaqty zerttep, Aq Orda qazaqtyng alghashqy memleketi degen qortyndygha keldik.

- Ángimenizge rahmet!

«Abay-aqparat»

 

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