Gýljauhar Kókebaeva. Nar túlgha: sayasatker, ghalym, azamat
Otan tarihyndaghy airyqsha bir ensesi joghary túlghalardyng biri Mústafa Shoqay turaly songhy on bes jylda kóp jazylyp jýr. Solardyng ishinde әrqaysysynyng ózindik airyqsha orny bar tuyndylar retinde Darhan Qydyrәliyevting kitaby men Kóshim Esmaghambetovting "Álem tanyghan túlgha (M.Shoqaydyng dýniyetanymy jәne qayratkerlik bolmysy)" atty kitaby - osy taqyryptaghy alghashqy irgeli zertteu.
Otan tarihyndaghy airyqsha bir ensesi joghary túlghalardyng biri Mústafa Shoqay turaly songhy on bes jylda kóp jazylyp jýr. Solardyng ishinde әrqaysysynyng ózindik airyqsha orny bar tuyndylar retinde Darhan Qydyrәliyevting kitaby men Kóshim Esmaghambetovting "Álem tanyghan túlgha (M.Shoqaydyng dýniyetanymy jәne qayratkerlik bolmysy)" atty kitaby - osy taqyryptaghy alghashqy irgeli zertteu.
Mústafa Shoqaydyng ómiri men qyzmeti turaly derekter Qazaqstanda joq ekenin, olardyng tek shetelderding múraghattarynan tabylaryn kәsibi tarihshylar biletin-di. Alayda, solardy tabu ghana emes, týsinip-oqyp, audaru da ekining birining qolynan kele beretin sharua emes. Osy túrghydan alghanda K.Esmaghambetovting kitabyn Mústafa Shoqay turaly sheteldik derekter men zertteulerding ensiklopediyasy deuge bolady. Monografiyada Alash arysynyng Fransiyadaghy múraghatymen qatar Reseydin, Ózbekstannyn, Qazaqstannyng - barlyghy 12 múraghattyng materialdary, últ kósemining ózi tústas emigrasiyagha ketken týrki ziyalylarymen jazysqan hattary, kezdesuleri men pikir almasu derekteri jәne shet tilderdegi zertteuler paydalanylghan. Múnyng ózi últ kósemining sayasy qayratker retinde qalyptasyp, damuyn "syrt kóz" túrghysynan emes, onyng ózining ishki tolghanystary men oilary negizinde zertteuge mýmkinshilik bergen. Kitaptyng kirispesinde Shoqaydyng ómiri men qyzmetining Qazaqstanda jәne shetelderde zertteluine tolyq tarihnamalyq taldau jasalghan. Qazirgi otandyq tarihnama salasyndaghy enbekter kóbinese qazaq jәne orys tilindegi zertteulerdi taldaumen shekteletindigin eskersek, osynyng ózi jalpy Qazaqstan tarihynyng tarihnamasyna qosylghan asa qomaqty ýles ekenin moyyndaugha tiyistimiz.
Monografiyada Mústafa Shoqaydyng ómir joly, Qazaqstandaghy jәne shetelde emigrasiyada jýrgendegi sayasy qyzmeti, últtyq tәuelsizdikke qatysty iydeyalarynyng qalyptasuy men damuy keshendi týrde taldanghan. Zertteushi ghalym Alash arysy ómirining búrynghy shyqqan basylymdarda әrtýrli aitylyp jýrgen faktilerin de qarastyryp, sheteldik derekterdi salystyra otyryp, dәleldi týrde jýielegen. Avtor Mústafa Shoqaydyng memlekettik qayratker, sayasatker, ghalym retinde qalyptasu jolyn jeke kezenderge bólip, "M.Shoqay dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasuy", "Bostandyq ýshin kýres jolynda", "Týrkistannan Parijge", "Últtyq qozghalystyng úiymdyq negizderin qalau", "Últtyq qozghalystyng strategiyasy men taktikasyn aiqyndau" degen taqyryptarmen toptastyrghan.
HH ghasyrdyng birinshi shiyreginde sayasy arenagha shyqqan qazaq ziyalylarynyng kózqarasy men iydeyalyq baghyttaryn zertteudi kóptegen avtorlar olardyng Resey sosialisterine (bolishevikter men menishevikterge) qatysty pozisiyasyn kórsetumen ghana shekteytini bar. Al K.Esmaghambetov Shoqaydyng sayasy kózqarasynyng qalyptasuyn onyng basty maqsatymen - Týrkistannyng tәuelsizdigi jolynda kýresu maqsatymen baylanystyrady. Demek, Shoqaydyng uniyversiytette oqyp jýrgen kezindegi Peterburg qoghamynyng sayasy ómirine belsendi týrde enui, solshyl jәne sentristik aghymdardyng әrtýrli baghyttarynyng ókilderimen tanysuy olardyng iydeyalarynyng Týrkistannyng azattyq aluy mәselesine tiyimdilik túrghysynan iske asty. Shoqaydyng studenttik jyldarynda shet aimaqtardaghy halyqtardyng tәuelsizdigi mәselesi patsha ókimetine qarsy kýresting ayasynda jýrgizildi, sondyqtan Shoqay patsha ókimetine oppozisiyada bolghan toptarmen tanysugha tyrysty. Ol júmysshy qozghalysyna da, eserler men kadetterge de mәn berdi. Osylaysha, Shoqaydyng jas ta bolsa, sayasy qozghalystyng әrtýrli baghyttarymen tanysa kele, kadetter men eserlerge oiysuy onyng bolashaqta oily sayasatker bolatyndyghyn kórsetetinin avtor dәl tapqan.
Kenes ókimetining iydeyalaryn qabyldaudan sanaly týrde bas tartyp, shetelge ketken týrkistandyq qayratkerlerding emigrasiyadaghy sayasy qyzmeti, jalpy kenestik Shyghystyng últ tәuelsizdigi jolyndaghy kýresining әlemdik arenagha shyghuy turaly mәselening otandyq tarih ghylymynda zerttelui tym-aq kenjelep qalghany belgili. K.Esmaghambetov enbeginde atalghan mәselege airyqsha nazar audarylghan. Avtor "Jolayryghynda" dep atalghan bólimde últ tәuelsizdigi mәselesining sheshiluining songhy ýmiti bolghan Qúryltay jinalysyn kenes ókimeti quyp taratqannan keyin týrkistandyq qayratkerlerding kýres taktikasyn ózgertuge tiyisti bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy sayasy kýres tyghyryqqa tirelip, onyng esesine qaruly kýres etek aldy, onyng ózi (basmashylar qozghalysy) tym tar radikaldyq diny sipatqa ie bola bastady, sóitip kýres jolyn tandaudyng da órisi taryldy. Osynday jaghdayda Mústafa Shoqay shetelge ketti. Monografiyada Alash arysynyng sheteldegi orys demokrattarymen qatynasy da osy basty maqsat - últ tәuelsizdigi jolyndaghy kýres maqsatymen anyqtalghany kórsetilgen. Monografiyalyq zertteuding Mústafa Shoqaydyng emigrasiyadaghy ómirine arnalghan bólimderinde tek Shoqaydyng ghana emes, Europadaghy býkil týrki emigranttarynyng sayasy qyzmetine taldau jasalghan. Búl tústa Shoqaydyng oi-órisining airyqsha kendigi, ózindik iydeyalary men tabandy túghyrnamasynyng boluy nәtiyjesinde týrki emigranttary arasynda zor bedelge ie bolyp, osy ortadaghy sayasy jetekshige ainalu joly múraghat derekteri jәne Shoqaydyng óz enbekterin taldau negizinde bayandalghan. Qazaqstandyq ghylymy әdebiyette әli tolyq zerttelmegen "Týrkistan últtyq birliginin" qyzmeti kitapta jan-jaqty taldanghan.
"Shoqay - halyqaralyq sarapshy jәne tarihshy" degen bóliminde últ kósemining ghalymdyq beynesi ashylghan. Shynynda da Shoqaydyng halyqaralyq mәselelerge jazghan maqalalary onyng dýniyejýzilik soghystar aralyghyndaghy halyqaralyq qatynastardy, ondaghy iri memleketterding rólin, ózindik maqsattary men diplomatiyalyq "oyyndaryn" tereng týsinip, taldau jasaghanyn kórsetedi. Avtor Shoqay beynesining osy bir qyryn da jaqsy sipattay alghan. Búl tústa avtordyng zertteuine Shoqaydyng Parij múraghatynda saqtalyp, osydan az uaqyt búryn otanyna oralghan jazbalary men enbekteri negiz bolghan. Shoqay daryndy ghalym, biraq jan-jaghynda ne bolyp jatqanyna mәn bermeytin beysayasy "kabiynettik" ghalym emes, ol sol zertteushilik qyzmetining de tughan halqynyng azattyghy jolyndaghy kýreske ziyanyn tiygizbeuin kózdeydi. "Kórnekti týrkitanushy ghalymdarmen jәne Batys elderining zertteu ortalyqtarymen shygharmashylyq baylanystar ornatugha mýddelilik tanytqanymen, M.Shoqay ózining sayasy ústanymdaryna qayshy keletin qadamdargha barmaytyn, - dep jazady K.Esmaghambetov. - Ol orys bodandyghyndaghy músylman halyqtarynyng derbes ómir sýruge qúqylylyghyn moyyndamaytyndarmen qanday da bolsyn qarym-qatynastan ashyq týrde, eshbir kýlbiltesiz bas tartyp otyrdy". Avtordyng Shoqaydyng enbekteri Batys elderinde senimdi derek kózi retinde sanalady degen pikiri de әbden dúrys aitylghan. Jalpy alghanda kenes ókimeti basshylarynyng Shoqaydy únatpauynyng bir úshyghy osynda jatqan tәrizdi.
Songhy jyldarda múraghattardyng búryn qúpiya bolyp kelgen kóptegen qorlarynyng ashyluy belgili qazaq ziyalylarynyng ómirin, ózara qarym-qatynasyn tolyq zertteuge mýmkinshilik berdi. Búl baghytta birqatar kózge týser zertteuler basylyp shyqty. Alayda, keybir sәtterde jeke túlghalardyng iydeyalyq qayshylyqtaryn, sayasy pozisiyasynyng aiyrmashylyghyn týsindiru ornyna jeke bas arazdyghyn taldap ketetin jaghdaylar da bar. Al Kóshim Esmaghambetovting zertteuinde Mústafa Shoqaydyng zamandastarymen qarym-qatynasy últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng strategiyasy men taktikasyn oilastyru, sol mәseledegi pikirtalas pen iydeyalyq aiyrmashylyq túrghysynan qarastyrylghan. Soghan oray avtordyng HH ghasyrdyng 20-jyldaryndaghy qazaq qayratkerlerining sayasy kýres barysynda әrtýrli iydeyalyq baghytta boluy olardyng eng basty maqsat - últ tәuelsizdigine jetu maqsatynda ortaq til tabysugha úmtylushylyghymen qatar, últtyq dәstýrli etikagha say ymyrashyldyq pen ózara syilastyqtyng ta bolghandyghyn kórsetedi.
Kitapta avtor keybir belgili túlghalardyng arasyndaghy oi-pikir almasushylyqtardy, olardyng biri-birine ózara yqpalyn da qarastyrady. Shoqay ómirining jәne azattyq qozghalysy tarihynyng faktilerin ózi zerttegen derekter boyynsha talday kelip, sonyng keybir qyrlaryn әli de zerttep, tiyanaqtay týsu qajettiligin núsqaydy. Búl jerde ghalymnyng әlemdik gumanitarlyq ghylymda qalyptasqan asa bir jaqsy dәstýrge - belgili bir iydeya tughyzyp, sonyng negizinde bolashaq zertteulerge baghyt beru dәstýrine sýiengenin bayqaymyz.
Enbekte qazaqstandyq avtorlardyng Shoqaydyng enbekterin baspagha dayyndauda jibergen qatelikterine taldau jasaghan. Avtordyng B.Sadyqova men S.Sapanovtyng kitaptaryna bergen syny әdil ekenine dau joq. Alghashqysy - zertteushilik enbek emes, qújattar jinaghy. Al qújattar jinaqtaryna qoyylatyn belgili bir talaptar (qújattardyng týpnúsqadan auytqymauy, eger týpnúsqanyng birneshe núsqasy bolsa, ony atap kórsetu, әrbir qújatqa týsinikteme beru,t.s.s.) bar. Ekinshisi, ghylymiy-zertteuler qataryna jatpaydy, óitkeni, mәtindegi faktilerding dúrys-búrystyghyn anyqtaytyn siltemeler joq. Kitaptyng sonynda berilgen "Qysqasha bibliografiya" degen tizim mýlde syn kótermeydi, al avtordyng ústanymy Kenes ókimetin jalang jamandau túrghysynan kórinip, ghylymy negizdiligine kýmәn tudyrady. B.Sadyqovanyng kitabyn jaqsy, kórkem tilmen jazylghan, kópshilikke arnalghan әdebiyet qataryna jatqyzu dúrys-au dep oilaymyn. Shynynda da songhy jyldarda Mústafa Shoqay turaly qalam tartatyndar kóbeyip ketti, olardyng keybireuleri kәsiby tarihshy da emes. Sonymen qatar, Mústafa Shoqaydyng enbekterin "erinbegennin" bәri basyp shygharuda, mәtinderde mazmúndyq jәne stilidik qateler de bar, oghan týsiniktemeler men avtorlyq ghylymy taldau da bermeydi.
"Bizding zamanymyzdyng adamyna tәn barlyq adasulardan bir úrpaqtyng ómiri barysynda tolyq arylamyz deu qiyn, mýmkin adamzat óz tarihynyng tar ólsheminen shyghyp, janasha oilaugha ie bolghansha úzaq jyldar kerek bolar", - dep E.Fromm aitqanday elimizding tarihyndaghy asa bir kýrdeli de qayshylyqty bolghan kenes zamanyndaghy jeke túlghalardyng qazaq halqynyng azattyq qozghalysy tarihyndaghy ornyn anyqtau talay-talay dau-damay tughyzatyn da shyghar. "Adasular" tek býgingi zertteushiler ghana emes, sol túlghalardyng ózine de tәn ekendigin úmytpayyq. Demek, bolashaq zertteushilerding aldynda tarihymyzdaghy belgili jeke túlghalardyng әrqaysysynyng ómiri men qyzmetin, kózqarasy men oi-dýniyesin әsirelep, boyap, "aghartyp", jaqsartpay da, "sýmireytip", qaralamay da, obektivti týrde ghylymy túrghydan zertteu mindeti túr. Kóshim Esmaghambetovting "Álem tanyghan túlgha" atty kitabynda búl mindet ghylymy negizde iske asyrylghan. Monografiyada Shoqay beynesi jan-jaqty somdalghan, al avtordyng әrbir sózi derekpen dәleldengen, әrbir taraudyng sonynda siltemeler berilgen, múraghat qújattarynyng kóshirmesi men fotosuretter aqiqatty aiqynday týsken. Osynday ghylymy qúndylyghy airyqsha joghary, orasan zor kólemdegi jana derekterdi ghylymy ainalymgha qosqan monografiyanyng baghasy joghary әri qúndy ekenin aitqymyz keledi.
Gýljauhar KÓKEBAEVA, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory
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