Sәbit ómir sýrgen kez (1894 - 1933) qazaq tarihyndaghy asa auyr uaqyt bolatyn, búl qazaq elining es jinap etek jabugha tyrysqan kezi edi, biraq tarih kóshi mýldem ózgeshe sipatta, jat beynede pishin alyp, júrt jalauy jyghylyp, er býgilip, tu qúlady. Al Sәbit osy kezende tirshilik keship, ómirding "bar uyn" qoghammen birge ishti. Al búl uaqytta Resey ishi qúbylmaly, mol tolquda bolatyn, eki týrli Resey, eki nanymda (hristian - músylman), eki tanymda (slavyan-túran) endi janashyl jәne eskishil bolyp bóline bastaghan. Búl turaly N.A. Nekrasov "asa iri talant" dep sanaghan V.S. Kurochkinning (1831-1875) "Dvugolovyy orel" tuyndysynda aitylady:

Ya nashel, druziya, nashel

Kto vinovnik bestolkovyi

Nashih bedstviy, nashih zol.

Vinovat vo vsem gerbovyi

Dvuyazychnyi, dvuhgolovyi

Vserossiykiy nash orel.

Pravd net ottogo v russkom miyre,

Nedosmotry vezde ottogo,

Chto vsevidyashih glaz v nem chetyre,

Da ne viydet ony nichego:

Ottogo my k shpionstvu privychny,

Ottogo my hrabry na slovah,

Chto my vse, gospoda, dvuyazychny

Kak orel nash o dvuh golovah.

(1857 j.)

Sәbit ómir sýrgen kez (1894 - 1933) qazaq tarihyndaghy asa auyr uaqyt bolatyn, búl qazaq elining es jinap etek jabugha tyrysqan kezi edi, biraq tarih kóshi mýldem ózgeshe sipatta, jat beynede pishin alyp, júrt jalauy jyghylyp, er býgilip, tu qúlady. Al Sәbit osy kezende tirshilik keship, ómirding "bar uyn" qoghammen birge ishti. Al búl uaqytta Resey ishi qúbylmaly, mol tolquda bolatyn, eki týrli Resey, eki nanymda (hristian - músylman), eki tanymda (slavyan-túran) endi janashyl jәne eskishil bolyp bóline bastaghan. Búl turaly N.A. Nekrasov "asa iri talant" dep sanaghan V.S. Kurochkinning (1831-1875) "Dvugolovyy orel" tuyndysynda aitylady:

Ya nashel, druziya, nashel

Kto vinovnik bestolkovyi

Nashih bedstviy, nashih zol.

Vinovat vo vsem gerbovyi

Dvuyazychnyi, dvuhgolovyi

Vserossiykiy nash orel.

Pravd net ottogo v russkom miyre,

Nedosmotry vezde ottogo,

Chto vsevidyashih glaz v nem chetyre,

Da ne viydet ony nichego:

Ottogo my k shpionstvu privychny,

Ottogo my hrabry na slovah,

Chto my vse, gospoda, dvuyazychny

Kak orel nash o dvuh golovah.

(1857 j.)

Búl turaly Euraziya iydeyasy avtorlarynyng biri N.S.Trubeskiy orys psihologiyasynda túrandyq minez bar dedi. "Árkimning jәne býtin últtyng ómirge kózqarasynda túrandyq psihologiyalyq tip belgisi bar" ekenin aitady (Trubeskiy "O turanskom elemente v russkoy kuliture", "Rossiya mejdu Evropoy y Aziey: Evraziyskiy soblazn" Antologiya M. 1993. S74).

Al patshaly Resey osyny týsine otyryp, bir-birine qarama-qayshy, bir arnada jýrmes, dәrgey birge bolghanmen dәret bólek eki negizgi úlysty birge qaynatyp, sorpadan slavyan iyisin shygharghysy keldi.

Eger "Kәrli Ivan" Qazangha shabuyl jasaghanda músylmandar 95% bolsa, HH ghasyr basynda Qazan músylmandary 30% boldy. Qazan ózining aibatynan aiyrylyp, tek Reseydegi týrki júrty ruhany ortalyghy men tatarlardyng sauda-óndiristik monopoliyalyq oshaghynyng da bedeli qasha bastaydy. Resey qoldauyna ie orys burjuaziyasy tatar-týrki kapitalyn talqandap jiberdi. Orynbordaghy 25%, Ufadaghy 50% músylman birden es jiyp, Ufa, Orynbordaghy islam pirәdirleri, sufizm sheyhtary ataghy shyghyp, jana ýlgidegi músylman medrese-mektepter salynyp, osyghan qyzmet etetin qayyrymdylyq qorlar ashylyp, Ufa men Orynbor músylmandary qoldau kórsetken gazet-jurnaldar jaryq kóre bastady. Qazanda pozisiyasynan aiyrylghan músylmanshylyq iydeyasyna Ufa, Orynbor, Troisk, Semey, Omby shaharlarynda jana maydan alany ashyldy. Keyin eki din tartysy qazaq dalasyna bet búrdy. Ókinishke oray orystyq-kommunistik iydeologiyagha qarsy túrar kýsh qazaq elinde bolmay shyqty. Týrki músylmandarynyng jalghyz islamdyq zayyrly memleketi "Shyghys Týrkistan" boldy. Ol da úzaq ómir sýre alghan joq.

H H ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda islamdy tútynatyn týrki qauymyn joyyp jiberuge Resey kýsh saldy. Búl jolda qarjy, adam, qaru әkimshilik tetikterden eshtene qalghan joq. Búghan orys missionerleri jan sala kiristi (Missionerskiy protivomusulimanskiy sborniyk. Vyp. HH: Kazani, 1894).

Áriyne, orys missionerleri ishinde sol kezdeg jaghdaydy zerttey jazghandar boldy (Koblov Ya.D. O magometanskih mullah: religiozno-bytovoy ocherk. Kazani, 1907). Atalmysh ruhani, iydeologiyalyq kompaniyagha qarsy aqparattyq shabuyldar boldy (Davlet-Kilideev. Magomet kak prorok. Spb., 1881).

Osynday tausylmas, úzaq maydandar ishinde "músylmandyq, últshyldyq" nemese "panislamizm", búl orys missionerlerining qoyghan aty bolatyn, keyin osy termindi patshaly Reseydegi orystyng dinine ken, músylman dinine qabaghy kelispegen kenester jalaulatyp әri әketti, búl óz dәrejesinde onsyz da "irgesi myqty islamdy odan әri kýsheyte týsti", deydi nemis qoghamtanushysy M.A. Batunskiy (M.A. Batunskiy. Pravoslaviye, islam y problemy modernizasiy v Rossiy na rubeje H H-HH vekov// Obshestvennye nauky y sovremennosti. 1996. 2. 88-b.).

Belgili bir uaqyttarda, Reseyde HIH ghasyrdyng sony men HH ghasyr basynda shetelding iri islamtanushylarynyng enbekteri audarylyp basyldy (Vambery G. Ocherky y kartiny vostochnyh nravov. Per.I. Krachkovskogo. Spb., 1911). Búghan qosa orys ghalymdarynyng da zertteuleri jaryq kórdi (Krymskiy A.E. Musulimanstvo y ego budushnosti. Proshloe islama, sovremennoe sostoyanie musulimanskih narodov, ih umstvennye sposobnosti, ih otnoshenie k evropeyskoy sivilizasii. M., 1899). Biraq A.E. Krymskiy, V.V. Bartolid, N.N. Ostroumovtar enbegi basqynshy júrt pighylyna toly boldy. Osylardyng ishinde bayyppen, tereng zerttey jazghan S.G. Rybakov ghana boldy (Rybakov S.G. Islam y prosveshenie inorodsev v Ufimskoy gubernii. SPb.,1900).

Atalghan enbekterden basqa kenestik dәuirde Orta Aziya, Qazaqstan, Tatarstan, Bashqúrtstan islamy turaly enbekter de boldy. Markstik baghyttaghy zertteulerde din-islamnyng ishki ruhyn zertteuden basqa әleumettik-ekonomikalyq aspektiler negizgi sanalyp, M.N. Pokrovskiy úsynghan "sauda kapitalizmi" eng basty sebep bolyp sanaldy. Atalghan sebepter týbirimen qate bolatyn. Ókinishke oray, osy ústanymdaghy L.I. Klimovich, M.A. Raysner enbekteri jaryq kórip, osy jol negizgi delinip búiyryldy (Pochta Yu.M. Revolusionnaya Rossiya y musulimanskiy mir (sovetskoe islamovedenie v 20- 30-e gody)// Vostok. 1993. 4. 85, 86, 88-b.)

Kenes tónkerisine deyingi islam orny Qazaqstanda mýldem zerttelgen joq. Al tatarlar ishinde Z.A. Ichimuhametovting 1949 jyly Qazanda shyqqan "Sosialinaya roli y evolusiya islama v tatarii" enbegi Ufa zertteushisi D.D. Azamatovtyng aituynsha kemshiligi boldy desek te (Azamatov D.D. Orenburgskoe magometanskoe duhovnoe sobranie v konse HV -H H vv. Ufa, 1999.7-b.), bizde ol da bolmady.

Atalghan enbekterden bayqap otyrghanymyzday, qazaq elining últtyqoyanuy islamdaghy janaru, reformamen birge damydy. Biraq búghan qarsy shyghushylar da, islamda ózgeris bolmady deushiler de bar (Stepanyans M.T. Musulimanskie konsepsiy v filosofiy y politiyke (H H-HH vv.) M. 1982.

Oyshyl ghalym E. Gellner óz enbekterinde mýldem basqasha bylay dep jazdy: "Islamdaghy reformasiya men diny shayqastar, ekinshi jaghynan industrasiyalanu men halyqtandyru bәri bir kezde kezeksiz, qabattasa keldi" (Gellner E. Islamskiy mir y Evropa: kulitura Elita y Mass // Sivilizasiya vyp. 3 M. 1995. 109-b.).

HH ghasyr basyndaghy HIH ghasyr ayaghyndaghy millet oyanuy, últ tuynyng kóterilui, týrki júrtynyng tótenshe es jii din ishindegi janashyldyqpen baylanysty boldy. Búl turaly fransuz zertteushisi A. Bennigsen aita kelip, әsirese, Sh. Marjani, M. Bigiydi atap, olardy arabtardan, týrikterden, irandyqtardan, industardan búryn qúrannan jәne hadisten sayasi, әleumettik, diny tәrtipter turaly әrbir músylmannyng izdeu qúqyghy bar ekenin aitqan músylman oishyldar boldy deydi. Osylardyng reformatorlyq qozghalysynyng әseri tek Reseyde ghana emes, barlyq músylman әleminde manyzdylyghy jaghynan erekshe boldy. Tek osylardyng eren enbegi arqasynda basqa taraptarda reformalargha, tilge, bilim beruge jәne sayasy qúylymdargha jol ashyldy (Bennigsen A. Musulimane v SSSR (pereizdaniye). Kazani, 1999. S.)

Al Reseydegi, kenes dәuirindegi zertteushiler islamdy zerttegende bodan týrki júrtyn sanaly týrde ainalyp ótip, bizge qatyssyz elderdi zerttedi (Stepanyans M.T. Islam v filosofskoy y obshestvennoy mysly zarubejnogo Vostoka (H H-HH vv.) M., 1974).

Qazaqtarmen salystyrghanda, tatarlar óz ishindegi HIH-HH ghasyrlar kezenindegi A.Htyz-Imyani, A.Kursavi, Sh.Marjanid zerttegen A.N. Yuzeev enbegi (nzeev A.N. Tatarskaya filosofskaya mysli konsa HV -H H vekov (evolusiya, osnovnye napravleniya y predstaviyteliy): V 2-h kn.Kazani, 1998. Kn. 1.7-31-b., 1-k tap, 39-bet)-dedi.

Yaghny Resey músylmandarynyng janaruy, oyanuy, ósui músylman dinimen tikeley baylanysty boldy. Búl óz kezeginde "jәditshildik" termiynine әkeldi. Resey músylmandarynyng HH ghasyr basyndaghy jaghdayyn zerttey otyryp, "jәditshildikt " attap ótu mýmkin emes. Álippeni, arab әripterin fonetikalyq oqytudyng jana әdisi degendi bildiretin "usul-iy-djadiyd" sózi mektepten bastalyp jana sipat aldy. A.N. Yuzeev jәditshildik әr kezendegi islamdyq reformatorlyq, aghartushylyq jәne liyberalshyldyq dese (A. Yuzeev Mesto djadidizma v tatarskoy obshestvennoy mysly konsa H H - nachala HH veka// ghasyrlar avazy (Eho vekov). Kazani, 1999 1/2. 164, 165-b.), belgili tatar tarihshysy jәditshildikti Ýndi, Egiypet, Iranmen salystyra qaraydy (Gubaydullin G.K. voprosu ob iydeologiy Gasprinskogo (Predvariytelinoe materialy) // ?asyrlar avazy (Eho vekov). Kazani, 1998 3/4 101-b.). 20 jyldary Ghalymjan Ibragimov tatar ruhany damuynyng bir kezeni dep baghalasa, keyin osy pikirdi Qazan oqymystysy Ya.G. Abdullin qostaydy (Abdullin Ya.G. Djadidizm, ego sosialinaya priroda y evolusiya // Iz istoriy tatarskoy obshestvennoy mysli. Kazani, 1979. 97-b.).

30-60 jyldary jәditshilik kereksiz ziyandy "reaksiyalyq-burjuaziyalyq últshyldyq aghym" dep qaralandy (Arsharuny A., Gabidullin G. Ocherky panislamizma y panturkizma v Rossii. M., 1931).

Tarihshy R.I. Navichov jәditshildikti eki kezenge bóldi: demokratiyalyq-aghartushylyq (H H gh. 80 jyldaryna deyin), burjuaziyalyq (80 jyldardan keyin) (R.I. Nafigov Formirovanie y razvitie peredovoy tatarskoy obshestvenno-politicheskoy mysly (Ocherk istoriy 1895 - 1917 gg.) Kazani, 1964. 98,99-b.).

"Jәditshildik" qay kezde bolmasyn asa mol qyzyghushylyq tudyrdy. Búl ghasyr toghysynda týrki júrtynyng ishki әleminde tótenshe tónkerister әkelgen kezeng edi. Abay, Marjani, Ahmet, Mirjaqyp sekildi túlghalardyng ósip-ónip shyghuynyng basy "jәditshildikten" bastalghan bolatyn. Atalghan ýrdis "músylmandyq ruhaniy-ziyaly túlghanyn" payda boluyna әkeldi (Sm.: Rahimov S. Sosialino-pravovoy status tatarskih uchebnyh zavedeniy posledney chetverty HV - nach. HH vv. // Islam v tatarskom miyre: istoriya y sovremennosti. Kazani, 1997. 16-b.).

Eger tatar zertteushisi D.M. Ishanov "jәditshildikti" tatar últynyng "joghary mәdeniyettiligi" (Ishakov D.M. Fenomen tatarskogo djadidizma: vvedenie k sosiokuliturnomu osmyslenii. Kazani, 1997. 12-b.) dese, búl ózge últ, әsirese, qazaq zertteushilerinin, jazushylarynyng ashu-yzasyn tudyrdy.

Últtar oyanuy әsirese tatar, qazaq, әzirbayjan, ózbekte últtyq jiger jalauyn kóterilgen kóptegen partiyalardy tudyrdy. Búghan deyin Reseyde bir ghana partiya "bolisheviyk" partiyasy zerttelip, әspettelip keldi de ózge últtyq partiyalar sonyng ishinde "Alashorda" tarih qoqysyna laqtyryldy. Tek 80 jyldardan bastap ghana seng sógilip, jabuly qazannyng beti ashyldy (Shelohaev V.V. Kadety - glavnaya partiya liyberalinoy burjuaziy v boribe s revolusiey 1905-1907 gg. M.).

Keyinderi mýldem jana baghyttaghy, jana qyrly, kóp betkeyli zertteuler jaryq kórip, bilmes belesterge shyghardy (Stepanov S.A. Chernaya sotnya v Rossii. 1905-1914 gg. M.,1992). Dәl osy uaqyttarda asa iri irgeli eki enbek jaryq kórdi. "Programma politicheskih partiy Rossiy kones H H - nachalo HH v." (M.1995), ensiklopediya "Politicheskie partiy Rossii: kones H H - pervaya treti HH v." (M. 1996). Tarihy tartys kezeninde Resey imperiyasynda zertteushi V.V. Kriyvenikonyng aituy boyynsha "1905 jyldan bastap 1917 jylghy aqpangha deyin 45 jalpy orystyq, 113 últtyú partiyalar ómir sýrdi" (Kriyvenikiy V.V. Novye dannye sravniytelino-kolichestvennogo analiza politicheskih partiy Rossiy // Tam je. 127-b.).

Búlghaq uaqytynda músylmandar odaghy "Ittifak ali Muslimiyn" partiyasy jana uaqyttyng jelkenine jarmasugha, jana jaghagha jetuge tyrysty, biraq Reseydegi músylmandardyng keng joly targha, kýlkis zargha ainalyp ketken edi. "Ittifak" tarihyna kenes ghalymdary qalam terbedi. Á.Ibragimov, A.Arsharuni, H.Ghabidulliyn, S.G.Batyev, H.H.Hasanov, Z.A.Ishmuhambetov (Ibragimov G. Tatary v revolusiy 1905 goda. Per. s tat. Kazani, 1926) sekildi ghalymdar enbegi burjuaziyalyq-últshyldyq partiya dep ókim kesilip, zertteu órisi tar ayadan shygha almady. Qazirgi sәtte músylman qauymynyng sanalyq ósuin "jalpygha birdey", "músylmandyq últshyldyq" dep qarau da bar (Sm.: Ishakov S.M. Revolusiya 1905-1907 gg. Y rossiyskie musulimane // 1905 god - nachalo revolusionnyh potryaseniy v Rossiy HH veka: Materialy mejdunarodnoy konferensii. M., 1996. 192-210-b.). Áriyne, búl "músylmandyq týrkilik" ósu bolatyn. Búghan deyin Reseydeg týrkilik keng týrde qarastyrylghan joq bolatyn. Zaman jeli jaghymdy sipat ala bastaghan kezende ghana týrkilik iydeyasyna qayta qaraugha mýmkindik tudy. G. Ghúbaydulliyn, S.M. Chervonnaya, R.F. Múhammetdinov siyaqty ghalymdar kólemdi enbekterin osy taqyrypqa arnady (Gubaydullin G.K. voprosu ob iydeologiy Gasprinskogo (predvariytelinye materialy) (pereizdaniye) // Gasyrlar avazy (Eho vekov). Kazani, 1997 3/4 208-214-b.). Osy enbekter ishinde R.F.Múhammetdinovting "Zarojdenie y evolusiya turkizma" (Qazan, 1996) enbegi saliqaly, salmaqty zertteu. Týrkishildikting әleumettik-sayasy jaghyna mәn bergen ghalymdar A.Arsharuni, H.Ghabidulliyn, V.A.Ndeiyn-Raevskiy, IY.Gilyazov (Arsharuny A., Gabidullin H. Ukaz. Soch.; Nadeiyn-Raevskiy V.A. Panturkizm: mif ily realinosti. M., 1995) boldy. Atalghan enbekter ishinde de basqa zertteulerde de tatar últynyng gegemondyghy qúptalyp, ózge últtardyng jeke shanyraq qúruy tatar iydeyasyna satqyndyq dep sanalyp jatary ras. Búnday tújyrymdar S.Ishanov júmysynda anyq kórinedi. Ol tatar janashyl-liyberaldary S.Maqsúdovty, G.Ishanovty únata, óbektey jazsa, bashqúrt qozghalysy kósemi (1917-1920) A.Z.Uәlidiydi anyq jek kóre aitady (Ishakov S.M., A.-Z. Validov: prebyvanie u vlasty // Otechestvennaya istoriya. 1997. 6 55-74-b.).

Óz kezeginde bashqúrt zertteushileri D.J.Valeev, V.M.ildambaev, M.M.Kulisharipov qazandyq zertteushilerding "tatarlyq gegemonizmin" HH ghasyr basyndaghy týrki halyqtary birligining negizgi iydeyasy dep qarauyna qarsy shyghady (Ishakov S.M., A.-Z. Validov: prebyvanie u vlasty // Otechestvennaya istoriya. 1997. 6 55-74-b.).

Týrki-tatar júrtynyng oyanuyna birden-bir negiz jasaghan búl merzimdi basylym boldy.

1905 jyldan bastap shyqqan alghashqy týrkilik-tatarlyq gazet "Núr", "Qazan muhbiyre", "Qazan habarshysy" gazetteri 1916 jyldary 25 myng jazylymshygha ie boldy. Yaghny onyng shygharylymy 16 esege ósti (GA RF. F. 102. DPOO. Op. 1916. D. 74, t.3. L. 47).

Týrki tildi gazet-jornal Reseyding baspasóz isteri boyynsha Bas basqarmada (Glavnyy upravlenie po delam pechaty Rossiskiy imperii) tekserilip, zerttelip, jabylyp nemese aiyppúl salynyp otyrdy. Búl basqarma týrki músylmandary gazetter ishinen iydeyalyq jaghyna basa mәn berdi (Musulimanskaya pechati Rossiy v 1910 godu. Sostavleno po rasporyajenii g. Nachalinika Glavnogo upravleniya po delam pechaty pod redaksiey Vladimira Golimstrem / Obshestvo issledovaniya Sredney Azii. Oksford, 1987. 33-b.).

Patsha sheneunikteri "Vahyt" gazeti betinde últshyldyng ýni ashy da qatqyl shyghatynyna mәn berdi (Sonda. 48-b.).

1905 jyly 24 qarashada "Merzimdi baspasóz turaly uaqytsha Erejeler ózgertilip" alynyp tastalsa da artynan "Merzimdi baspasóz turaly uaqytsha erejelerdegi ózgerister men qosymshalar" ("Ob izmeneniy y dopolneniy Vremennyh pravil o periodicheskoy pechatiy") atty Zang 1906 jyly 18 nauryzda shyqty. Búl óz kezeginde "baspasóz erkindigine qarsylyq" dep baghalandy (Sm.: Rossiyskoe zakonodatelistvo H-HH vekov. T. 9. Zakonodatelistvo epohy burjuazno-demokraticheskih revolusii. M., 1194. 193-194-b).

Búl kóptegen jaghdayda aiyppúl saludan últtyq gazetterdi jabugha deyin әkeldi. "Vahyt" gazetining 1911 jylghy 12 nauryzdaghy "Ókimettegi auysym" ("Peremena praviytelistvo") maqalasy ýshin bas redaktor M.F.Karimovke aiyppúl salyndy (GA RF F. 102. DPOO. Op. 1911. D. 74, ch. 53. L. 7 y ob.). Al taghy osy gazettegi 1912 jylghy 16 qyrkýiektegi "Kimdi saylau kerek?" maqalasy ýshin M.F.Karimov 6 aptalyq tútqyngha alynady (GA RF F. 102. D-4. Op. 1912. D. 130, ch. 47. L. 23). Resey tek auzymen aitsa da, til úshy kýbirlegenmen ishki múzy erimegen qalpy qaldy. "Rossiyskie poddonnye polizuitsya svobodoi very" degenmen (Sm.: Tysyachnyy nomer gazety "ylduz" // Mir islama. 1913. T. 2 Vyp. V. 399-400-b.) shyndyghynda olay bolmady. Mysaly, Týrkistan ólkesinde birde-bir músylman balasy jer nemese qozghalmaytyn mýlik satyp alugha qúqyghy bolmady. Týrkistan ólkesin basqaru Erejesining 262-tarmaghynda bylay dep jazyldy: "Priobretenie zemeli y voobshe nedvijimyh imushestv v Turkestanskom krae... vsemy za isklucheniyam tuzemsev lisamy nehristianskih veroispovedeniy vospreshaetsya" (Polnyy svod zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. -HV tt. Kn. 1. T. . Stb. 966 ).

Búghan qosa oqu oryndaryndaghy basqarma mýsheligi turaly aityldy: "Predsedatelistvovati v uchelishnyh sovetah, kak uezdnyh, tak y gubernskiyh, a ravno byti izbiraemymy v chleny o nih ot zemstva y gorodov, iymeiyt pravo odny toliko lisa hristianskogo veroispovedeniya" (Polnyy svod zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. -HV tt. Kn. 2. T. H . ch.1. Stb. 1732).

1889 jyly 8 qarashadaghy jarlyqta músylmandargha advokattyqpen ainalysugha tyiym salynady. Yaghny músylmandar óz últtyq mýddesin qorghau qúqyghynan aiyrylady. Qaranghylyq ezgisinde, túman tústa qalghandar sol jerde qalugha tiyisti boldy.

Músylman júrty az emes bolatyn. 1907 jyly shyqqan "Tәrjiman" gazetinde músylmandar sany 19 million dep kórsetildi. "Mir islama" jurnalynda B.B. Bartolid 1912 jyly 20 million dedi, 1917 jyly mamyrda ótken Býkilreseylik músylmandar sezinde A.Salikov 30 million dep sóiledi. Reseyding resmy sanaghyna sýiene otyryp, S.G.Rybakov Resey músylmandary 1897 jyly 13 889 421, 1912 jyly 1 qantarda 16 226 073 bolghanyn aitady (S. Rybakov Statistika musuliman v Rossiy // Mir islama. 1913. T.2 Vyp. H . 758-759-b).

Jәditshildikting shyghuy turaly belgili tatar ghalymy Gh.Ghúbaydullin bylay dedi: "Reseyden tys "modernistik" qozghalystardy zerttey otyryp, biz reseylik jәditshildikpen kóptegen úqsastyqty bayqadyq" (Gubaydullin G. K voprosu ob iydeologiy Gasprinskogo (Predvariytelinye materialy) // Gasyrlar avazy (Eho vekov). Kazani, 1998. 3/4. 101-b.).

Zertteush sol kezderde Ýndide, Parsyda, Egiypette jәne Týrkiyada dәl osynday "ekonomikalyq belgiler bayqaldy" deydi. Zertteushi Stepanyans "islamda basqa dinderdegi sekild jaghday boldy; eski etikalyq talaptar jana talaptargha jauap bere almady, yaghny janasha oilanudyn, reformasiyanyng kerektigi payda boldy" (Gubaydullin G. K voprosu ob iydeologiy Gasprinskogo (Predvariytelinye materialy) // Gasyrlar avazy (Eho vekov). Kazani, 1998. 3/4. 101-b.) deydi.

Jay reforma emes, batys pen shyghystyng maydandasqan túsynda, eskilik pen janalyq jaghalasqan kezde "joghary iydeologiya" kerek boldy (Sm.: Hasanov M.M. Fenomen rossiyskogo musulimanstva // Islam v tatarskom miyre: istoriya y sovremennosti. Kazani, 1997. 9-10-b.) kerek boldy. Keybir zertteushiler Oral-povolije músylmandarynyng tónkeristik iydeya dýmpuin A.Htyz-Imyany (1754 - 1834) jәne A.Kursavy (1776-1815) esimimen baylanystyrady". Búl kezendegi janashyldyq "ashyq esik idjihatyna negizdeledi" (izeev A.N. Tatarskaya filosofskaya mysli konsa HV -H H vekov (evolusiya, osnovnye napravleniya y predstaviyteliy). Kazani, 1998. Kn. 1. 93-b.)

Osy uaqyttaghy Ufadaghy dintanushylar ishinde qogham janalyghynan qalmau ýshin bar bolmysymen janashyldyqty jaqtaghan jandar boldy.

Búl óz kezeginde janalyq pen eskilik arasyndaghy dau talas, oy maydanyn bastaghan edi. Sózimizge Qazan gubernatyna hat joldaghan poliyseylerding esebi kuә. "Eskiler" (qadymshylar) janashylldar (jәditshilder) dinge jenil qaraydy, halyqty basqa baghytqa alyp ketedi dep qoryqsa, "janashyldar", "eskiler" últ ósuine bóget jasap, qaranghy halyqty tek tonauda (NA RT F. 199. Op.1. D. 771. L. 252) deydi.

Eskishilder men janashyldar arasyndaghy pikirler sayysy aqsha, baylyq mәselesinde de boy kórsetip jatty. Reformator janashyldar әr músylmannyng basy býtindey músylman jamaghatyna paydaly ekenin, músylmandar ishinen mesenatter payda bolaryn payymdady (Duduanion S. Kadimizm: elementy sosiologiy musulimanskogo tradisionalizma v tatarskom miyre y v Maverannahre (kones HV - nach. HH vv.) // Islam v tatarskom miyre: istoriya y sovremennosti. 63-64-b.).

"Vahyt" gazetining 1913 jylghy 10 sәuirindegi 1175-nómirindegi bas maqalada bylay dep jazdy: "Biz әrbir jeke adamnyng baylyghy, jeke adamnyng ghana isi emes dep qoghamdyq kózqaraspen qarauymyz kerek. Árkim músylmanshylyq qoghamdyq qor nemese mektep jabylyp qalmauyna jaghday jasap, osyghan qosa әldebir músylmandyq lavkasy istemey qalmay nemese әldebir músylmandyq firma bankrot bolmauyna jaghday jasau kerek. Eger músylmandyq firma kóp bolsa, olardan músylmandargha kóp júmys orny tabylady. Qazirgi ottomandyq týrikter bastan keship otyrghan myndaghan pәle-qala olardyng ekonomiyalyq jaghdaydan qúldar bolyp otyrghanynan". Músylmanshylyqtyng taraluy da әrtýrli baghytta boldy. Ásili dalalyq dinning taraluy men qalalyq dinning taraluy eki baghytta damydy. "Joghary" yaghny klassikalyq ýlgidegi qalalyq islam túrpaty shahardyng ereksheligine boy úra damydy. Qalalyq islam sol jerdegi sauda erekshelikterin, ómir boyaularyn negizge aldy (Sm.: Polonskaya L.R. Sovremennye musulimanskie iydeynye techeniya // Islam: problemy iydeologii, prava, politiky y ekonomiki: Sb. Statey. M., 1985. 8-b.).

Últtyng oyanuyna Oral-povolije ónirinde Húsayyn Fayzhanov (1828-1866) jәne Qayym Nasyry (1825-1902), Miftahedtin Aqmolla (1831-1895) jәne Múhametsalim Ýmetbaev (1841-1907) sekildi jandar tikeley әser etti.

Músylman mektepterinde zayyrly baghyttaghy jalpy әlemdik ortaq pәnder bel ala bastady. Resey imperiyasynyng baspa jónindegi Bas basqarmasy 1910 jylghy esebinde músylmandar mektebinde diny kitaptar 56,4%-dan 1909 jyly 60,3%-gha deyin óskenin aitady. "... Oqulyq shygharu býtindey jana baghyttaghy jandardyng qolynda eken , al diny kitaptarda jazu eski jәne jana kózqarastaghy adamdar qolynda bolsa da keyingi janashyldar bel alyp kele jatqanyn eskertedi" (Musulimanskaya pechati Rossiy v 1910 godu. 80-81-b.).

Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysqa deyin músylmandar arasynda ózgeshe bir tanym qalyptasty. "Mýldem bólek tendensiya tuyp, músylman mektepterining joghary, orta, tómen dәrejeli bólimderi óz baghdarlamasymen músylmandargha ynghaylanghan múghalimder men erler men qyzdar institutynda tәuelsiz finansistik-qarjylyq, yaghny músylmandar aqshasy negizinde nemese músylmandar kóp shoghyrlanghan jerlerde guberniyalardyng zemstvo qoryna sýiene otyryp, damydy" (Shkolinyy vopros v russkom musulimanstve // Mir islama. 1913. T. 2.Vyp. . 131-132-b.) delindi. Dәl osynday qogham qúbylysy Kereku ónirinde negiz aldy. Ásirese, Kereku qalasy irgesindeg Qasym Qajynyng mekteb osyghan mysal boldy. Búl jerden tek S.Dónentaev qana emes kóptegen músylman jastary bilim aldy.

Músylman baylarynyng jana ýlgidegi mektepti ashuyna sol shaqtaghy ekonomikalyq tartys da negiz boldy. Búghan deyin el qajetin ótep kelgen din islam endi toqtalyp, túralap qaldy. Qazaqstan men Týrkistandaghy orys әkimshiligi kýsheydi de tatar, qazaq baylaryn yghystyryp jiberdi. Temirjol el baylyghyn syrtqa, jatqa shómishtep emes, qoymalap, qambalap әketuge mýmkindik berdi. Búl turaly M.Júmabaevtay aqyn "Otarba" óleninde aitty. Osy taqylettes ólendi S.Múqanov "Ómir mektepterinde" B.Iztólin óleninde bolghanyn aitady.

"Mening әkem Ufadaghy Ghaliya degen mektepti bitirgen adam, múghalim edi". M.Álimbaev "Kózin kórdik, jaqsy menen jaysannyn" Almaty "Qazaqstan" 2002 j. 11-bet

Sol kezderdegi oqu ornyn bitirgender jana iydeyany әkelushiler boldy. Mysaly, 1901-1902 jyldary Troiskidegi "Rasuliya" medresesinde "Jamgyyate gymlimiya" ("Ghylymy qogham") úiymynda bashqúrt aqyny Majit Ghafury (1880-1934) jurnalist әri pedagog Hamit Iskanderov (1888-1958) boldy. Búlar óz uaqytynyng aldynghy qatarly iydeyasyn kóterdi. Atalghan jandar ishinde S.Dónentaevtyng ústazy Núrghaly molda da boldy (Sm.: Tatarskiy ensiklopedicheskiy slovari. 193, 228-b.).

Ghaliya medresesindegi jastar qazaq dalasyna baryp bilim shyraghyn jaqty. Tek bilim әkelgen joq, qazaq júrtynyng oyanuyna da tikeley әser etti. Búl turaly jardarm ofiyserler kýiine bayandady (121-122-bet).

Yaghny "Ghaliya", "Rasuliya" sekildi medreselerden din tanytushylar, uaghyzshylar ghana emes, týrki júrtyna qyzmet etetin jandar ósip shyqty. Tek "Ghaliya" medresesinen 1906-1919 jyldary 1500 shәkirt, "Husayniyadan" 1903 pen 1916 jyldar ishinde 500 shәkirt baulyp shygharyp otyrdy (Kamalov T. Ukaz. soch. 26-b.; Rahimkulova M. Ukaz. soch. 14-b.).

Osy shәkirtter-múghalimder ishinde týrki júrtyna aty mәli Ahmet-Zәky Uәlidy (1890-1970), Ghalymjan Ibragimov (1887-1938), Saәit Rameev (1880-1926), búghan qosa, kósemsózshi Búrhan Sharaf (1883-1942), "Vahyt" gazetining redaktory Qabrahman Fahreddinov (1887-1937), "Yaz" gazetining redaktory jәne shygharushysy "Orynbor qalasy músylmandarynyng әdebiyet ýiirmesi" mýshesi Yusuf Muzafarov (1887-1929), "Qarmaq" gazetin shygharushy әri redaktory Mahmut Ghaliyautdinov (Ghaliyau) bar.

Áriyne týrki músylmandarynyng damuyna "Tәrjiman" gazeti tikeley yqpal etti. Búl aldynghy tolqynnyng oyanuyna әser etti. Al búl tolqyndaghylar Orynbor diny mәjilisining qazysy, týrki júrtynyng alghashqy tarihshylarynyng biri Hasan-Gata Gabyashy (1863-1936), Strelibash medresesining mudarrisy jәne Memlekettik Dumanyng deputaty Múhamet-Shәkir Toqaev (1862-1932), Ufadaghy "Usmaniya" medresesining negizin salushy Hayrulla Usmanov (1848-1907) Ufadaghy 3-meshitting imam hatiby, Duma deputaty Múhamet-Sabyr Hasanov (1866-1922), al qazaqtaghy Baqytjan Qarataev ....

Tatar júrty ishinde týrki júrtynyng oyanuyna tikeley ýles qosqan jandar asa kóp boldy. Ásirese, S.Dónentaevtyng kitabyn shygharghan baspahana iyesi, "Vahyt" gazetining redaktory Múhamet-Fatyh Karimov (1870-1937) boldy. Búl turaly jandarm mәlimdemelerinde ol "polizuyasi takim mogushestvennym orudiyem v dele agitasii, kak pechati energichno rabotait nad osushestvleniyem nasionalinoy iydey" (GA RF. F. 102. DPOO. Op. 1913. D. 74, ch. 2. L. 144) delindi.

M.-F. Karimov tek redaktor ghana bolyp qoyghan joq, barlyq músylmandar sezinde (1905, 1906, 1914, 1917) delegat, Orynbordaghy eki islam qayyrymdylyq qorynyng mýshesi, Býkilreseylik músylmandar Últtyq kenesi  Melly Shuronyng mýshes edi.

(Jalghasy bar)

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