«Islam - din ghana emes, ol bizding mәdeniyetimiz».

N. Á. NAZARBAEV

Islam dini býgingi tanda jer shary túrghyndarynyng shamamen tórtten biri ústanyp, biyik baghalap, ayalap, qasterlep otyrghan songhy iylәhy din. Onyng adam ba­lasyn ýnemi tazalyqqa, adaldyqqa sha­qy­ratyny, Alla taghala men Paygham­ba­ry­myzgha (s.gh.s.) jәne dýniyedegi býkil ja­ra­ty­lystargha opaly bolugha ýn­deytini anyq.

San ghasyrdan beri typ-tynysh, beybit ómirdi nasihattap kelgen asyl dinimizdi songhy jyl­darda lankestik, eks­­tremistik sekildi nebir jaghymsyz úghymdarmen bay­la­­nystyratyn pikirler payda bo­luy jýregimizge auyr tiyetini ras. Negizinde, Islam esh ua­qytta adamdardy býlikke, búza­qy­lyq­­­qa, tәrtipsiz­dik­ke nemese bireuding jazyqsyz qanyn tóguge shaqyrghan emes. Kerisinshe, ol ózgening aqysyna qylday qiyanat ja­samaugha ýiretetin ýlken tәr­bie qaynary.

«Islam - din ghana emes, ol bizding mәdeniyetimiz».

N. Á. NAZARBAEV

Islam dini býgingi tanda jer shary túrghyndarynyng shamamen tórtten biri ústanyp, biyik baghalap, ayalap, qasterlep otyrghan songhy iylәhy din. Onyng adam ba­lasyn ýnemi tazalyqqa, adaldyqqa sha­qy­ratyny, Alla taghala men Paygham­ba­ry­myzgha (s.gh.s.) jәne dýniyedegi býkil ja­ra­ty­lystargha opaly bolugha ýn­deytini anyq.

San ghasyrdan beri typ-tynysh, beybit ómirdi nasihattap kelgen asyl dinimizdi songhy jyl­darda lankestik, eks­­tremistik sekildi nebir jaghymsyz úghymdarmen bay­la­­nystyratyn pikirler payda bo­luy jýregimizge auyr tiyetini ras. Negizinde, Islam esh ua­qytta adamdardy býlikke, búza­qy­lyq­­­qa, tәrtipsiz­dik­ke nemese bireuding jazyqsyz qanyn tóguge shaqyrghan emes. Kerisinshe, ol ózgening aqysyna qylday qiyanat ja­samaugha ýiretetin ýlken tәr­bie qaynary.

VII ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda Tayau Shyghys pen Orta Shyghys ha­lyq­tary ýshin óte manyzdy eki ýlken oqigha kózge úryp túrghanday aiqyn kórinip jatty. Birinshisi, adamzat balasyna eki dýnie baqytymen sýiinshiley kelgen IYs­lamnyng payda boluy, al ekinshisi, tary­day shashylyp, ózara janjaldan kóz ashpay kelgen arab ru-taypalary júdy­ryq­tay júmylyp, jana Arab memleketining negizin qalap jatuy edi. Islamnyng iylә­hy dinderdi tәmamdaushy mórdey bolyp eng sonynan týsui jәne jekelegen qau­ym­dargha ghana emes, barsha adamzat bala­syna kelui onyng haqtyghyn bildiretin búl­tartpas anyq dәlelderge jatady. Demek, búl dinning yahudiylik pen hristian­dyqqa qaraghanda әleumettik sipaty basym.

Arab týbeginde asa quatty diny mem­leketting ornauy arab eli tarihyna ghana emes, jer jahannyng tynysyna búryn-sondy bolmaghan jana lep alyp keldi. Búl elding búrynnan tabynyp kelgen jalghan qúdaylary men púttaryn tastap, músylmandyqty qabyldap, jalghyz Al­la­gha ghana qúlshylyq etuining iygi әseri edi. Osy túrghydan qaraghanda, Islam dini­ning qúndylyghyn arab elining Islamgha deyingi jәne Islamnan keyingi jay-kýiin salystyru arqyly da op-onay ba­ghamday almaqpyz.

Ejelgi arab ru-taypalarynyng әrqay­sysy óz aldyna jeke jasandy qúday­largha kózsiz tabynyp keldi. Tipti halyq sanasynda «taypalyq-rulyq qúday» degen de úghym boldy. Adamdar jasandy qúdaylar tek ózine qatysty rular men taypalardy ghana saqtap-qorghaydy dep sendi. Osylaysha, әrbir rudyng ókili ózi tabynyp jýrgenderinen «ózge de púttar bar, olar ózara talasyp, jaulasuy da mýmkin» degen oimen ómir sýrdi. Púttar tastardan, aghashtardan, tipti keyde nan, qúrma sekildi azyq-týlik týrlerinen de jasaldy. Árkim óz taypasynyng pútta­ryna qúrbandyq shaldy. Tipti jana tuylghan qyz balalardyng tiridey jerge kómiluin tek ekonomikalyq sebeppen nemese namystyng taptaluymen ghana emes, «qúrbandyq» degen týsinikpen de baylanystyratyn ghalymdar bar.

Desek te, arab elining qym-quyt ta­riy­hyna ýnilsek, sol kezding ózinde jer beti dýniyesinen әldeqayda joghary túratyn asa úly bir Qúdiretting bar ekendigine bú­lynghyr bolsa da senim bolghanyn joq­qa shyghara almaymyz. Álgi púttar sol Qúdiretke jaqyndaudyng bir dәnekeri dep sanalghan synayly. Keybir arabtar ol Qúdiretti qasiyetti Qaghbanyng iyesi dep úqty. Sondyqtan, óz púttaryn sol qa­siyetti qara tastyng ýstine nemese many­na ornatugha tyrysty. Islam dini kelgenge deyin, Qaghba manynda púttardyng 360 týri boldy degen derek kezdesedi. Mú­nyng ózi arab dýniyesining Islamgha deyingi ruhany ómirining qay dengeyde bol­ghan­dyghyn kórsetetin biraz shyndyqtyng ózegin arshysa kerek.

Arabtar әdebiyetke jaqyn halyq bolghandyqtan, óz púttaryna arnap ólen-qissalar jazumen de ainalysty. Olar­dyng sol dәuirdegi әdebiyetterining negizgi taqyryby osy jelige qúryldy desek, aqiqatty ainalyp ótkendik bolmas. Kóp qúdaygha senip kelgen arab dýniyesining tarih sahnasyndaghy búrynghy bet-beynesi osynday kýide edi.

Al býkil ghalamdardyng jalghyz IYesi, Úly Alla taghalagha boyúsynugha shaqyr­ghan Islam dini kelgende, arabtar ara­syn­daghy osynday miftik oi-týsinikter birtindep seyilip, naghyz aqiqattyng núr sәu­lesi biline bastady. Adamdardyng dý­niye­ge, býkil jaratylystargha degen kóz­qa­rasy ózgerdi. Ólen-dastandardyng ta­qy­ryptary da jalghandy jyrlaudan ary­lyp, ózge arnagha oiysugha bet aldy. Al Allanyng ayattary oqylghanda, azuyn aigha bilegen maytalman aqyndardyng ózi sózin toqtatyp, ghajayyp iylәhy sózder­ding tún­ghiyq syrlaryna tanghalyp, tan­day qaghu­dan ózge shara tappady. Aqyn­dar Qúran­nyng ayattary adamzattyng sózi­nen әlde­qayda biyik túrghanyn tolyq moyyndady.

Islamgha deyingi kezende diny týsinigi ejelgi hristiandyqqa jaqyn keybir otyryqshy elder de boldy. Búl Jaratu­shy jalghyz Qúday men aqyret kýnine senuge shaqyratyn haniftik senimnen tuyndasa kerek.

Islam dini yahudiyler men hriys­tian­dardyng týsinikterindegi mifologiyalyq kelensizdikterdi de tәrtipke keltirip týzete bastady. Tek kózge kórinetin naq­tylyqqa ghana sýiengen qasiretti kózqaras Islamnyng keluimen ru­ha­niy-ghayyptyq úlaghatty senimning túnyghy­na qaray yghysty. Úly Alla taghalagha degen senim birtindep adamgershilik qa­siyet­termen de tolyqty.

Islam dini «taypalyq púttar men jalghan qúdaylargha senuden» bas tartyp, asa Qúdiretti, bәrin kórushi, bәrin estushi, erekshe Rahymdy, Jaratushy, esep-qisap kýnining IYesi Jalghyz Allagha qúl­shy­lyq etuge shaqyrdy. Arab týbegining túr­ghyndary Islam kelmey túryp, ta­biy­ghattyng súrapyl kýshterining aldynda bas iyip kelse, endi Islam dinining biyligi jýr­gen kemel kezende taghdyrgha iman keltirip, eki dýniyening terezesin teng ústaugha kóshti. Múnyng syry Islamnyng iygiliginde jatqandyghy haq.

Islam qoghamdyq qatynastargha yqpal etip, jalpaq júrttyng әleumettik mәse­le­lerin de op-onay sheshe bastady. My­sa­ly, әleumettik daghdarys pen qym-qiy­ghash ishki qayshylyqtargha úshyrap, ha­lyqtyng ishtey ydyray bastauy arab tay­palarynyng basyna tóngen qasiret búlty ispettes edi. Tek arab emes, múnday diniy-ruhany qaranghylyq búlty jer betindegi býkil adamzat ataulynyng basyna ýii­rilip túrghan bolatyn.

Kóshpeli taypalardyng újymdyq mýlki bolghan jayylymdar men qúdyq­tar ýstem tap ókilderining iyeligine ótip ketken. Al túrmysy nashar, әlsiz bә­dәuiy­ler búrynghydan da siniri shyghyp ke­deylene týsken. Ósimqorlyq keninen etek alyp, qúldyq kóbeygen. Basy bos, azat bәdәuiydi óz taypasy qorghap, arasha týse almaytynday jaghdaygha da jetti. Taypasynan bezip, shólge baryp qaraq­shylargha qosylghandardyng sany da kýn sanap artty. Al bir-birimen shabysyp-qyr­qysyp jatqan arab ru-taypalary­nyng bir tudyng astyna birigui halyqtyng kósegesin kógertip, mereyin asyrdy. Islam dini adamdardy jana qúqyqtyq qa­rym-qatynasqa shaqyryp, jana senimning keninen jayyluyna jaghday tudyrdy.

Jana din keluinen on jyl ótpey ja­typ arabtardyng úlan-asyr territoriya­ny baghyndyrghan danqy jan-jaqqa jayy­la bastady. Al hazreti Múhammed (s.gh.s.) Payghambarymyzdyng qauymy aqiy­qat dindi jaiy jolyndaghy kýresting manyzyn jan-tәnimen qabyldap, ony tabighy minezderine ainaldyryp aldy.

Arab elining biylik jýrgizushi taby ejelgi órkeniyetting ortalyqtary bolyp sanalghan Siriya, Mesopotamiya, Mysyr syndy ónimi mol elderdi jaulap alyp, mol olja men qazynagha keneluge búryn­nan-aq qúlyqty edi. Alayda bytyrap, altybaqan alauyz bop jatqan arab tay­palarynyng búl oidy jýzege asyrugha sha­malary kelmeytini aidan anyq-ty. Al Islam bir dinge birikken músylmandar­dyng ruhyn asqaqtatyp, Jaratushy IYemizdi әlemge pash etuding qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigin Qúran Kәrimning aiqyn ayattarymen bekitip berdi: «Sender kitap iyelerinen Allagha, aqyret kýnine senbegender, Alla men onyng elshisi aram etken nәrselerdi aram dep bilmegender, haq dindi (Islam dinin) din etip ústamaghandar senderge kishireyip, boysúnyp, óz qolymen salyq (jizya) tólegenge deyin soghysyndar» («Tәube» sýresi, 29-ayat).

Sóitip, Islam dini Aziya men Afrika halyqtarynyng arasynda, Europanyng bir bóliginde, jalpy Ýndistannan Ispa­niya­gha deyingi úlan-ghayyr dalada keninen jayyldy. Ýsh qúrlyqtyng túrghyndary­nan qúralghan kóptegen halyqtar bir atanyng balasynday, bir qoldyng sala­syn­day birigip, ruhaniy-sayasy kýshke ai­nal­dy. Sol kezde әlemdi dýr silkindirip túrghan eki alyp imperiya Iran men Vizantiya da músylmandardyng yghyna jyghyldy.

Aradaghy nebir auyr qaqtyghystar nәtiyjesinde Iran tolyghymen músyl­mandargha baghynyp, Islam dinin qabyl­dady da, Vizantiya Aziya qúrlyghyndaghy iyeliginen tolyqtay aiyryldy.

Qasiyetti Qúran Kәrimdegi: «Týp-týgel Allanyng arqanynan (dinnen) ja­bysa ústandar, ajyramandar (bó­lin­ben­der). Ári ózderine Allanyng bergen nygh­metin eske alyndar. Óitkeni, bir-birine dúshpan edinder, Alla jý­rekterinning arasyn jarastyrdy. Onyng nyghmetimen tuysqa ainal­dyn­dar» («Ály Imran» sýresi, 103-ayat) degen ayat ómirden kórinis tapty.

Al Allanyng songhy elshisi, ardaqty Payghambarymyz Múhammed (s.gh.s.) sol kezde Arab elining ekonomikalyq jәne diny ortalyghy sanalghan Mekke qala­synda dýniyege keldi. Búl qalanyng túr­ghyn­dary eginshilikpen de, qol ónerimen de, bau-baqsha ósirumen de ainalys­paytyn. Olar soltýstik jaghynan Siriya, Irak, Mysyr qalalarynan, al on­týs­tiginen Ýndistan, Qytay, Shyghys Afrika elderinen keletin ýlken-ýlken sauda keruenderining kýtimimen ainalysatyn. Halyqtyng deni negizinen osy ispen shú­ghyldanatyn. Mekkedegi eng bedeldi, әri bay sanalatyn Qúrayysh taypasy sauda ekspedisiyalaryn úiymdastyryp basqa­ra­tyn. Sonday-aq, ósimqorlyq ta búl taypanyng kәsibi boldy. Óitkeni, Hiyd­jazdyng kóshpeli taypalary kóbine-kóp qaryz astynda ezilip, odan qútylu ýshin ósimmen aqsha alatyn. Qúrayysh taypasy Arab týbegindegi ózge taypalardyng biri ghana bolghanmen, ol ekonomikalyq jagh­dayy jaghynan ózgelerden kósh ilgeri-tin.

Múhammed Payghambarymyz (s.gh.s.) osy Qúrayysh taypasynyng Hashim ruy­nan shyqty. Ákesi shaghyn dәuletti Abdulla degen kisi edi. Ol ómirden erte ozyp, sodan song alty jasynda anasy Áminadan da aiyrylyp, Payghambary­myz (s.gh.s.) jetim qalady. Sóitip, sýiikti Payghambarymyz (s.gh.s.) kókesi Ábu Tәlibting qamqorlyghyna ótti. Onyng qolynda jýrip, qoy da baghady. Er jete kele sauda keruenderine qosylyp, olargha atqosshylyq ta jasaydy.

Qúran Kәrimde Alla taghala Múham­med (s.gh.s.) Payghambarymyzdy býkil ghalamdargha rahym núry, әri aqiqat dindi jetkizushi etip jibergeni jayly: «Áy adamdar! Men senderding barlyghyna Al­la­nyng jibergen elshisimin. Jer men kókting patshalyghy Allaniki. Odan ózge eshbir Qúday joq. Ol tiriltedi de óltire­di. Sondyqtan Allagha jәne Allanyng sózderine senetin, onyng oqu-jazudy bilmeytin Payghambar elshisine iman keltirin­der. Tura jol tabula­ryng ýshin oghan ilesinder!», - deydi («Aghraf» sýresi, 158-ayat).

Búghan deyingi san myndaghan Payghambarlardyng arasynda bir qauymgha ghana emes, býkil adamzat pen jyndargha jiberilgen aqyrzaman Payghambary hazireti Múhammedting (s.gh.s.) alar orny erek­she. Alla taghala: "Seni býkil әlemge rahmet etip qana jiberdik", - dep oghan (s.gh.s.) ózgeshe iltipat tanytty. Sondyq­tan Allanyng songhy elshisi (s.gh.s.) qa­siyet­ti Qúran Kәrimdi barsha adamzat ba­lasyna týsindirip, nasihattady. Ómiri­ning sonyna deyin osy mindetti qaltqy­syz atqardy. Qúran bolsa, jer betine ózinen búryn týsken qasiyetti kitaptar men paraqtardyng (suhuf) mazmúnyn tolyqtay qamtydy. Olarda berilgen diny ýkimderdi bekite keldi.

Múhammed (s.gh.s.) Payghambarymyz adamdargha úly Alla taghalanyng qúdireti­ne sýiene otyryp, nebir ghajayyp múgh­jizalardy kórsetti. Birde dinimizding aqiqattyghyna kózin jetkizgisi kelgen bir kisining súrauy boyynsha, Allanyng qalauymen, aspandaghy aidy qaq bólgeni jayly derek bar. Aghashtyng oghan salauat aitatynyna senimin naqtylaghysy kelip, súraq qoyghan kisige: «Aghashtyng ózi ait­syn» deui múng eken, ýlken bir aghash ta­myrymen qoparylyp, Payghambary­myzgha (s.gh.s.) jaqyndap kelip, iyilip sala berdi. Alla elshisining keybir jan-ja­nuar­dyng da tilin bilgenin dәleldeytin tarihy oqighalar bolghan. Biraq, Paygham­barymyz (s.gh.s.) búlardyng eshbirin ózine tanghan emes, bәri de úly Qúdiret iyesi Al­la tagha­lanyng búiryghymen jýzege asyp jatqan­dyghyn aityp otyratyn. Ózi tek Allanyng әmirin jetkizushi ekenin bildiretin.

Arab júrty Allanyng aqiqat dinin týsingen sayyn búrynghy senimderinen bet búryp, lek-legimen Islam dinine kirip jatty. Al Mekkeni biyleushi tabyna búl, әriyne, únamady. Olar adamdardyng Islamgha osylaysha ýdere auytquyn óz din­derinen bezushilik dep úqty. Qol­da­rynan kelgenshe búghan tosqauyl bolugha tyrysyp baqty. Alayda músylman­dyq­ty qabyldaushylar sany bir kisige de azaymady. Qayta kýn ótken sayyn olar kóbeye berdi. Mekkening ýstem tap ókil­de­ri búl isting materialdyq jaghdaymen baylanysy bolar dep, Múhammed (s.gh.s.) Payghambargha mol dýniye, súlu jar, biyik mansap úsynyp ta kórdi. Alayda, ar­daq­ty elshi (s.gh.s.): «Bir qolyma Aydy, ekinshi qolyma Kýndi bersender de, Allanyng dinin týsindiruden bas tartpaymyn», - dep óz ústanymyn aiqyn bildirdi. Endi din dúshpandary Múhammed Paygham­bardy tek óltirip qana qútylugha bolar dep, birneshe mәrtebe onyng mýbәrak ja­nyn o dýniyelik etuge әreket etip kórdi. Ony óltirgen kisige kóp dýnie beretinin aityp jar salyp ta bayqady. Alayda, olardyng eshqaysysy nәtiyje bergen joq.

Úly Alla taghala ózining sýiikti qúlyn qashan da aman saqtap, oghan qarsy shyq­qandardy, әmәnda qúrdymgha batyrdy. Biraq, mekkelik aq sýiekter zymiyan pighyldaryn esh bәsendetpedi. Allanyng elshisine zúlymdyq jasaudy ýdete berdi. Aqyry, Alla elshisining (s.gh.s.) qasyna on shaqty sahabasyn ertip alyp, Mekkeden Mediynege qonys audaruyna tura keldi. Bizding jyl sanauymyz boyynsha 622 jyly jýzege asqan osy kósh músylmansha jyl sanaudyng (hijra - qonys audaru) basy sanalady.

Mediyne qalasynda Payghambarymyz­dyng (s.gh.s.) ýgit-nasihattary keninen tarqady. Jana din jayly ilim-bilimdi Aus, Hazradj sekildi otyryqshy ru-tay­palar tolyqtay qúptady. Osy jerde qú­rylghan shaghyn ghana qauym keleshekte ýl­ken Islam imperiyasynyng alghashqy yadro­sy sanalady. Islamdy qabyldaghan mediynelik ansarlar endi Arab týbegin­degi bәdәuy túrghyndar arasyna músyl­man­dyqty tarata bastady. Ru-taypalar birinen song biri haq dindi qabylday berdi. Sóitip, 630 jyly Arabiyanyng kóp bóligi Allany jalghyz, Múhammedti (s.gh.s.) onyng qúly jәne elshisi dep mú­syl­mandyqty qabyl etken edi. Sodan son, aradaghy birqatar qaqtyghystardan keyin Mekke túrghyndary da Allagha boy­úsy­na bastady. Al Allanyng sýiikti qúly Múhammedke (s.gh.s.) elding basqaru­shy kósemi retinde baghyndy. Jýregi jaysan, meyirim jarshysy Múhammed (s.gh.s.) mekkelikterding búrynghy zorlyq-zombylyq, qastandyqtarynyng bәrin keshirdi. Osylaysha býginde әlem júrtshy­lyghy jiylyp qajylyq paryzdaryn óteytin qasiyetti qala Mekke músylman әlemining ortalyghyna ainaldy. Qasiyetti Qaghbadaghy jalghan qúdaylar men púttar biri qalmay qiratyldy.

Múhammed Payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) Arab elindegi tozyghy jetken dәstýr­ler­men kóp kýresuine tura keldi. Óitkeni, halyqtyng әbden eti ýirengen seniminen birden qayta qoyy qiyn edi. Osyny eskergen Allanyng elshisi jamaghatqa ýnemi adamzat tarihynan, Ibrahiym, Hud, Saliyh, Shuayb (aleyhim sәlәm) sekildi Payghambarlardyng ómirinen ýlgi-ónege keltirip otyrdy.

Áriyne, dinimiz alghash qalyptasa bastaghan jyldary janadan músylman bolghan bәdәuiyler ýshin Islamgha jat әdet-daghdylarymen birden qosh aitysu onay bolghan joq. Bireuding jaman­shy­ly­ghyna keshirimmen qarau, ýsh kýnnen ar­tyq kek saqtamau degen qaghidalardy al­ghashynda jýregine syiystyra almaghan­dar da úshyrasyp jatty. Alayda, Alla­ny jalghyz Ýkimdar, Múhammed (s.gh.s.) onyng elshisi dep tolyq iman keltirgender araq-sharap ishu, qúmar oinau, zina­qor­lyqpen ainalysu sekildi nәpsining arbaularynyng qanshalyqty ziyan ekendigin sanaly týrde úghynyp, olardan bas tartty. Al Múhammed Payghambarymyz (s.gh.s.) asyl dinimizding qúndy qazy­na­laryn tәptishtep ýiretuden jalyqpady. Ol Allanyng elshisi retindegi mindetterin tolyq, tipti asyra oryndady. Alla ­ta­ghaladan Jәbreyil (a.s.) arqyly týsip otyrghan qasiyetti Qúran ayattaryn eng qarapayym adam ýshin de úghynyqty bo­la­tynday etip týsindirip otyrdy. Ar­daqty Rasuldyng (s.gh.s.) sóileu mәnerining ózi ózgege úqsamaytynday erekshe bol­gha­nyn da biluimiz kerek. Aysha anamyz: «Alla elshisining anyq jәne aiqyn sói­leytini sonsha, tyndaghan adamdar ony tolyq týsinetin», dep eske alghany bar. Osy­laysha Qúran Kәrimdegi aqiqat shyn­dyqtar Payghambarymyzdyng mýbә­rak auzynan núr bolyp qúiyla beretin. Alla elshisining jarqyn jýzine qarap: «My­naday ghajap didardyng iyesinen jalghan sóz shyghuy mýmkin emes» dep músylman­dyqty qabyldaghandar da boldy. Onyng ónegeli ómirine qarap otyryp, tang qa­lushylar da top-tobymen Islamdy qa­byldap jatty. Haq dindegi tanghajayyp qaghidalardy estip bilgende, talay adam kózderine jas alyp Allagha moyynsúnyp jatty. Qyz balagha, anagha, jalpy әiel zatyna jasalatyn qúrmetke riza bolghan kóptegen nәzik jandylar asyl dinimizge kóptep bet búrdy.

Islam dinining payda boluy Qúran Kәrimning týsuimen tikeley baylanysty. Jalpy arab halqy ejelden sóz ónerine bay halyq. Aqyndary suyryp salyp óleng shygharugha kelgende aldyna jan sal­maytyn. Mine, osynday sózding qadi­rin biletin halyqtyng arasyna qasiyetti Qúran kitabymyz týsti. Demek, múnyng ózinde bir syr bar. Halyqtyng búghan deyin tyndap jýrgen ólenderining maz­mú­nyn­da Alla, din, aqyret, iman jayly ai­tylmady. Olardyng bәri kóbinshe kórkem sózge qúrylatyn. Kenet músyl­man­dar kelip, Alla taghalanyng qasiyetti kәlәm shәripterin oqyp bergende, estigen júrt erekshe tang qalyp: «Búl adamnyng sózderi emes» degennen ózge eshtene de aita almay, túrghan oryndaryna qada­lyp, beyjay kýige úshyrady. Qúran kitaptyng úshqyr qiyaldan nemese shalqar shabyttan tuatyn sóz emestigine estigen adam birden ilandy.

Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) ózi bir hadiysinde Qúran Kәrimdi bylaysha sipattap bergeni belgili:

«Allanyng kitaby sonday bir kitap - onda senderge deyingi uaqighalar, senderden keyingi habarlar jәne aralarynda jasalatyn ýkimder bar. Ol eshbir әzili joq tóreshi kitap, ony mensinbey tastap qoyghandardy Alla qúrdymgha batyrady, al odan basqadan turalyq izdegenderdi adastyrady. Óitkeni, ol - Allanyng myqty jibi jәne hikmetke toly sózi, әri ol - tura jol. Onymen jýrgender adas­paydy, ony arqau etken tilder shatas­paydy. Ghalymdar ony qansha oqysa da, әste toymaydy, kóp oqylghannan ol eskirmeydi, ishindegi ghajayyptary sarqyl­maydy. Jyndar ony estigende, «Shyn­dy­ghynda, biz asa ghajap Qúran estidik» dep tandanystaryn jasyra almady. Kim oghan sýienip sóilese, turalyq aitady, onymen ýkim etse, әdil bolady, ony ústanyp ómir sýrse, mol sauapqa keneledi, oghan shaqyrghan tura jol tabady».

Qúran Kәrim - músylman balasynyng tura joldan taymay, taban jolyn dúrys tauyp jýruine arnalghan basshy kitap. Alla taghala Qúran mazmúnyna barsha ghalamnyng qyr-syry men býkil ghylym ataulynyng negizderin syighyzdy. Beynelep aitqanda, Qúran - on segiz myng gha­lam­nyng adamzat tiline audarylghan týsin­dirmesi. Tariyh, әleumettanu, qoghamtanu sekildi qoghamdyq ghylymdar da, matematika, fizika, himiya, biologiya syndy jaratylystanu ilimderi de әu basta osy Alladan týsken iylәhy kitaptan negiz ala­tynyn qazir kóptegen әigili ghalym­dar moyyndady. Moyyndap qana qoyghan joq, Jaratushy IYemizding sheksiz ilimine tang qalyp, shyn yqylaspen músylman­dyqty qabyldady. Qúran Kәrimde ýkim­der, sharighat talaptary, mysaldar, óne­ge­ler, aspan әlemining jýiesi taghy bas­qalar jóninde dәleldeudi qajet etpeytin, búltartpas aiqyn maghlúmattar bar.

Alayda, ókinishke qaray, osy aqiqat­ty moyyndaghysy kelmey, Qúrandy adam­zat qolynan shyqqan jay bir qatar­daghy kitap retinde qaraushylyq boldy. Kenes ókimetining salqyny da búghan әser etpey qoymady.

Al Islam әlemining búl kitapty oqu da, jattau da, tyndau da qúlshylyq eken­digin tereng sezingen zamandar bol­dy. Adamdar Qúrannyng qadirin jaqsy týsinip, onymen baylanysy kýsheygen ghasyrlarda elding de әl-auqaty jaqsa­raty­nyn tarih dәleldep ýlgerdi. Mәselen, Omar ibn Abdul Azizdyng kezinde halyqtyng túrmysy órlegenin kóremiz. Olay bolsa, Allanyng razylyghyn kózdep, qasiyetti Qúrandy kóbirek oqugha tyrysqanymyz jón.

Qúran Kәrimning 114 sýreden túra­ty­ny mәlim. Olar «Fatiha» sýresinen bas­talyp, «Nas» sýresimen tәmamdalady. Ondaghy eng úzyn sýre «Baqara» sýresi bolsa, eng qysqa sýre «Kәusar» sýresi. Qú­ran sýrelerining әrqaysysy batpan-bat­pan salmaq kóterip túrghany anyq. Mә­selen, bir ghana «Fatiha» sýresi nebә­ri jeti ayattan túrghanymen, ol bý­kil Qúrannyng mazmúnyn qamtyp tú­ratynyn músylman ghúlamalary dә­lel­degen. Onyng әrbir sózining tolyq mә­nin ashu ýshin ghalymdar tom-tom kitaptar jazuda. Aytalyq, adam balasy Alla­ ta­ghalanyng jer betindegi halifasy ekendigin bildirgen ayatty qansha úzaq týsin­dirsek te bolady. Dýniyedegi ózge jara­tylystardyng barlyghy adamgha qyzmet etetinin bildirgen búl ayat diny túrghydan da, tarihy túrghydan da, dýniyetanym pәlsapasy túrghysynan da ashyla beredi. Adamnyng jaratyluy men ghalamnyng jaratyluy da óz aldyna bólek qozghaluy tiyis auqymy keng taqyryp.

Adamzattyng qazirgi biyiginen kóz sal­saq, tarih kóshining bet alysyn týzep, әlem­ge úly ózgeris engizgen iri qúbylys­targha kuә bolamyz.  Islam dini ekeni sózsiz. Baqytqa bastaymyz-Sonyng biri de, biregeyi de  dep úrandatqan kýlli iydeo­lo­giyalardyng toqy­rau­gha úshyrauy jana izdenisterge jol ashyp, jyl ótken sayyn Islam dinining әlemdi baurap bara jat­qa­ny barshamyzgha ayan. Býgingidey jahan­danu ghasyrynda mәdeniy-ruhany faktor retinde Islam dinining manyzy nelikten eselep artuda? Ol adamzatqa ne berdi? Damugha qanday ýles qosty? Qúndylyqtary ne?

Alghashqy búiryghy «Oqy!» dep kelgen Islam dini eng әueli adamzatty bilimge, oqugha ýndedi. Qúrangha ýnilumen qatar myna alyp ghalam kitabyn da qosa zerdeleuge shaqyryp, Úly Sheberding qúdire­tine sanaly týrde bas iydirdi. Qasiyetti Qúrandaghy «Biletinder men bilmeytinder teng be?» («Zýmәr» sýresi, 9-ayat); «Búlardyng ishindegi ghylymgha boylaghan­dargha zor syy beremiz» («Nisa» sýresi, 162-ayat); «Sonday-aq, qúldarynan (eng aldymen) ghalymdar Alladan qorqady» («Fatyr» sýresi, 28-ayat); «Rabbym, bilimimdi arttyra gór!» («Taha» sýresi, 11ayat) degen ayattardy,  Payghambarlardyng mirasqorla­ry» (Ábu Dauyd),-sonday-aq, «Gha­lym­dar  «Tal besikten kór besikke deyin bilim izdender» (Ál-Aj­luniy), «Bilim  músylman әielge de, erge de paryz» (Ibn Majә. Múqaddima. 17),-izdeu   Alla jolynda» (Musliym, Zikr. 38) degen-«Ilim ýirenuge shyqqan adam  sekildi hadisterdi kókeyge týigen músyl­mandar ilim ýirenuge talpynyp, sauat­ty­lyqty barynsha jaigha tyrysqan. Payghambarymyz on músylmangha oqu-jazu ýiretken tútqyndardy bosatyp, suffa sahabalaryn meshitke jinap, tek qana ilimmen shúghyldanugha júmyl­dyrghan. Alghashqy ilim oshaghy әl-Mәsjidul Nәbәuiymen bastalghan.

830 jyly halifa әl-Mәmun túr­ghyzghan Baghdattaghy әigili Bәitul-hikma  osynyng biri. Bәitul-hikma audarma ortalyghy,-(oqu-aghartu ýii)  kitaphana, sonday-aq alghashqy joghary oqu orny rólin de atqarghan. Tipti Bәitul-hikmagha qarasty arnayy observatoriya da salynghan. Búl kezende taraghan observatoriyalar bir jaghy astronomiya pәnin ýiretetin mektep qyzmetin de atqarghan.

<!--pagebreak-->

Baghdatta uәzir Nizamul Mýlk túr­ghyzghan «Nizamiya» medresesi sol kezen­ning eng ozyq, eng iri oqu orny mindetin atqarghan. Andalusiyalyq әmәuiyler men Bәny Ahmar memleketinde de oqu-aghartu júmystaryna qatty kónil bólingen.

Abbasiyler kezeninde de bilim basty nazarda túrghan. Halifa Harún Rashid Ankarany ózine qaratqan kezde, sonday-aq halifa әl-Mәmun Vizantiya impe­ratory Miysheli III-ti jengende, eki halifa da tólem retinde aqsha emes, kóne jazbalardy talap etkeni oy salarlyq.

Ásirese, Ámәuiyler kezeninde Iran, Ýndi, Siriya, grek tilderinen kóptegen enbekter arabshagha audarylghan. Ejelgi grek tilinen Aristoteli men Gelen, Ptolemey, Pifagor, Evkliyd, Gippokrat, Platon, Arhiymedting ólmes-óshpes shy­ghar­ma­lary, parsy jәne sanskrit tilderinen de tereng oi, parasatqa shaqyratyn talay asyl dýniyeler arab tiline auda­ryldy. Olargha týsindirmeler jasaldy. Audarma júmystary Abbasilar kezenin­de tipti ýdegen. Audarudyng arqasynda kóne mәdeniyettermen keninen tanysqan músylman ghalymdary búl mәlimetterdi óz bilimderimen bayytyp, jetildire týs­ken. Islam әleminde ghylymy júmystar mәselesinde Andalussiya әmәuiyleri ozyp shyqqan. Baghdat pen Kordovadan bastap, Islam әlemining qalalarynda kitaphanalar men medreseler kóptep boy kóter­gen. VIII-HII ghasyrlarda ghylymnyng damuy túrghysynan músylmandargha jeter eshkim bolmaghan. Europadaghy mәde­niyet­ting qalyptasuyna, renessans pen reformalyq qozghalystargha Islam mәdeniyeti zor ýles qosqan.

Músylmandar tәpsir, qiraghat, fiyqh, kәlam, hadis sekildi islamy bilimderdi damytqan. Tәpsirde Tәbari, Zamahshari, Ibnul Arabi, Fahruddin Razi, Ibnul Ka­sir syndy ghalymdar kózge týsse, fiyqh­ta Ábu Hanifa, Imam Maliyk, Imam Shafighi, Ibn Hanbal sekildi bilimge erekshe tereng boylaghan ghalymdar shyqqan. Kәlam salasynda Imam әl-Ghazali, Ibnul Arabiyler óz qoltanbasyn qaldyrsa, hadis salasynda Imam Búhari, Imam Tirmizi, Imam Musliym, Malik ibn Ánas syndy bilgirler aldyna jan salmaghan.

Músylmandar islamy ilimdermen qatar medisina, matematika, astronomiya, himiya, filosofiya, tariyh, geografiya sekildi jaratylys pәnderin de damytqan. Ásirese halifa Harún Rashid pen Mәmun kezenderinde músylmandar bilimde eshkimge at ozdyrmaghan. Ár salada әlem moyyndaghan  Ábu Bәkir әr-Razi, Ibn-ozyq ghúlamalar jetilgen. Aytalyq, medisinada   Jәbiyr- әl-Horezmi, Ibn Jәmshiyd, әl-Biruni, himiyada -Sina, matematikada   Ábu Nasyr әl-Farabi, Ál-Kindiy;-ibn Hayyan, әl-Maqsidi; pәlsapada   әl-Masudi, at-Tabariy,- әl-Battani, Aly Kushshy, tarihta -astronomiyada   Ibn Batuta, Ibn Haukal t.b.-Ibn Haldun, geografiyada

Islam dini ghalymdargha erekshe qúr­met qalyptastyrghan. Músylman ýmbeti qay ghasyrda da ghalymdardy qúrmettep, әr sózin altyngha balaghan. Ústazgha shә­kirt­teri ekinshi әke retinde qaraghan. Ómirde alghan ilimining bereketin kóru ýshin ústazynyng aq batasyn, rizalyghyn alugha qúlshynghan. Haziret Ály (r.a.) «Kim maghan bir әrip ýiretse sonyng ómir boyy qyzmetshisi bolugha barmyn» dese, imam aghzam Ábu Hanifa «Aramyzda jeti kóshe bolghanyna qaramastan ústazym Hammadtyng ýy jaghyna әdepsizdik bolma­syn dep eshqashan ayaghymdy sozyp jatyp kórgen emespin. Qansha jyldan beri әr namazdarymnan keyin ata-anammen qosa ústazymdy da qayyrly dúghama qosyp kelemin» dep ústazgha, ghalymgha qansha­lyq­ty qúrmetpen qarau kerektigin bildirgen. Shәkirt ústazdy ghana emes, ústaz­dyng jaqyndary men bala-shaghasyna da qúrmet kórsetken.

Tariyhqa ýnilsek, batystyqtardan bú­ryn kóptegen ghylymy janalyqtardy mú­sylman ghalymdardyng ashqanyna kuә bolamyz. Aytalyq, alghash kýn saghatyn oilap tapqan Jabir ibn Áflah (orta ghasyrda), atom bombasy jayly alghash týsinik bergen Jabir ibn Hayyan (721-805), avtomattyq jýieni alghash oilap tapqan Jәzary 1136-1206), zoologiyalyq ensiklopediya kitabyn jazghan Múham­med ibn Musa (1349-1405), trigonome­triya­gha tangens, kotangens, sinus jәne kosinus zandylyqtaryn qosqan Ábul Uәfa (940-998), algebra kitabyn jazghan әl-Horezmy (780-850), agronomiya sala­synda túnghysh enbek jazghan Ibn Auuam (HII gh.), alghashqy qaghaz fabrikasyn qúrghan Ibn Fazyl (739-805), ishek, qúrt mikrobyn tapqan Kambur Uasim (?-1761), Jer sharynyng diametrin alghash ól­shegen Múhammed ibn Músa, algeb­ra­daghy «Binom» formulasyn tapqan Omar Hayyam (?-1123), qazirgi dýniyejýzi karta­syna óte jaqyn keyipte dýniyejýzi kar­ta­syn syzghan Piry Reys (1465-1554), alghash úshaq jasaghan Ibn Firnas (?-888), túnghysh ret kompasty oilap tapqan (Kabajaky HIII gh.), tarih ghylymyn al­ghash jýielegen Ibn Haldun (1332-1406), himiya salasynda Kantitaf tәsilin ashqan Ábul-Qasym әl-Kashy (?-1436), 1000 jyl búryn mayda tamyrlardy tau­yp, alghash ret rak auruyna operasiya jasaghan Ály ibn Abbas (?-994) sekildi jýzdegen ghalymdar músylmandar edi (Joldybayúly Q. «Kýdikpen kýres»).

Alghashqy týsken әmirlerding biri «Kiyimindi taza ústa!» («Mýddәssiyr» sý­resi, 4-5-ayattar) bolghandyqtan, músyl­man­dar tazalyqqa qatty kónil bóldi. Kýn sayyn bes namazdyng aldynda kemi bes ret dәret alyp, ayaq, qol, bet, jýz, qúlaq, múryn, auyzgha deyin shayyp oty­rady. Aptasyna bir ret júma kýnderi ghúsyl aludy sauapty is dep úghady. Pay­ghambarymyz «Alla taghala jomart - jomart qúldaryn jaqsy kóredi, Alla tagha­la óte pәk - taza qúldaryn jaqsy kóredi. Endeshe, aulalarynyzdy taza ústanyzdar» (Tirmizi. «Ádәb», 41.) degendikten músylmandar ózi túratyn ýy men aula tazalyghyna da kónil bólgen. Hadiste «Alla taghala qarghystaytyn eki nәrseden saq bolynyzdar: el jýretin jerler men kólenke jerlerge dәret syndyryp lastamau» (Mýsliym, «Taha­rat», 68.) delingendikten, músylmandar qoghamdyq oryndardyng tazalyghyn da qadaghalaghan. Qúranda «Biz nәsip etken taza ryzyqtan jender» («Aghraf» sýresi, 160-ayat) delingendikten, músylmandar je­gen asynyng adal boluyna kónil ból­gen. Haram jolmen payda tabudan je­rinip, haram nәrseni auyzgha aludan saq­tanghan. Músylman elderine sayahattaghan batystyqtar kóshedegi búrqyraghan sa­byn iyisine, músylmandardyng tazalyghy­na tang qalghan. Músylmandar ýshin sýn­detke otyru men qan aldyryp túru әdepki is bolghan. Búnyng profilak­tika­lyq әri gigiyenalyq túrghydan paydaly ekendigin batys endi ghana úghyp jatqany shyndyq. HIH ghasyrgha deyin batystaghy patsha saraylarynyng ózinde monsha bol­maghan kezde, Ibn Sina, Razi, Abdul­qahir jәne Sahir ibn Nasrullah syndy músylman ghalymdar sabyndy oilap tabu óz aldyna, monshanyng adam tazaly­ghyna qanshalyqty paydaly ekendigin zerttep te ýlgergen.

H ghasyrdyng ortalarynda Kordova qalasynyng ózinde elu shaqty emhana bolghan. Harún Rashid dәuirining ózinde Bagh­dattaghy emhanalar ýlgi tútarlyq den­geyge jetken. Adud әd-Dәula súltan Bagh­datta jana emhana saldyrmaqshy bol­ghanda, oryn tandau isin medisina ilimining bilgiri Ár-Raziyge tabystaydy. Ol bir jas shamasyndaghy birneshe qoy soyghyzyp, әrbirining mýshelerin Baghdat­tyng әr týrli jerlerine ilgizgen. Sóitip, bir tәulik boyyna túrghan etting qaysysy eng az búzylghanyna qarap, sol taza oryngha Adudy emhanasyn saldyrghan.

Baghdattaghy osy Adudy emhanasy, negizgi ghimaratqa keyinnen týrli kliniy­kalardyng qosyluymen túrghyzylghan Shamdaghy Nury auruhanasy, Kairdegi Mansury auruhanalary Islam әlemin­degi eng әigili medisina ortalyqtary bolghan («Mýslýman ilim ónjuleriy», Heyet, Ystambúl, 2005, 98 b.).

Emhanalarda nauqas adamdar bay, kedey dep bólinbey, aqysyz qaralghan. Ja­tyn oryn, aspen qamtamasyz etilu tegin bolu óz aldyna, emhanadan shygharda kiyim men bir ailyq kýnkóriske jetetin qarajat da beriletin edi. Búghan qosa, dәriger, assistent, medbiyke, nauqas kýtushi sekildi basqa da qyzmetkerlerding jalaqysy qayyrymdylyq qordan tólenetin.

Andalussiyanyng eng әigili dәriger­lerining biri, Europada operasiyalar jasaudaghy jetistikterimen aty shyq­qan Abul Qasis degen atpen tanymal Ábul Qasym әz-Zahrәuy (936-1013). Álemge әigili kitaby - «әt-Tasrif ly mәn ajiyzә anittaliyf» atty 30 bó­limnen túra­tyn medisina ensiklo­pe­diya­sy. Ol hirurgiya salasyna da kóp ýles qosqan. Áz-Zahrәuiyding kitabynyng hiy­rurgiyagha baylanysty bólimi Gerhard tarapynan latyn tiline audarylyp, HVIII ghasyrgha deyin birneshe ret basy­lyp, Europada medisina fakulitetterinde negizgi kitaptardyng arasynda oqytylghan.

Jaralardy kýidiru, tiri januarlargha operasiyalar jasau, ishek tigisteri, ayaqta gangrena bolghan jerdi kesuding tәsilderi, qúrttaghan tisterdi syndyrmay júlu ýshin ishin qorghasynmen toltyru, shyq­qan jәne synghan jerlerdi emdeuge bay­lanysty manyzdy janalyqtary bar. Giynekologiya salasynda óz ghasyrynyng eng ataqty hirurgi bolghan. Ol «әt-Tasriyf» kitabynda Watcher pozisiyasyn týsindir­gen. Búghan qosa, operasiyalar jasau ba­ry­synda 200-ge juyq qúral qoldanyp, olardyng kóbisin ózi jasap, suretterin salghandyqtan dәrigerlerding qoldanuy ýshin jenildikter jasaghan.

Islam dini syrtqy tazalyqpen qatar, ishki ruhany tazalyqqa da shaqyrghan­dyq­tan músylmandar jýrek tazalyghyna da qatty kónil bólgen. Sol sebepti ótirik, ósek, bireudi bireumen shaghystyru, bala­ghat sóz, kýndeu, qyzghanysh sekildi nashar qylyq­tardan boydy aulaq ústaghan. Ár­dayym ózine berilgen nesibeni qanaghat tútyp, eshkimning ala jibin attamaugha tyrysqan. Batystyqtar armandaghan utopiya músyl­man­darda is jýzinde ornaghany shyndyq.

«Eshteneden súralmaytyn sheyitter­ding ózi aqyrette kisi aqysynan súrala­dy» (Mýsliym) dep eskertilgendikten, músylmandardyng týsiniginde kisi aqy­syn jeu ýlken kýnә sanalghan. Haziret Omar­dyng memleket isin memleketting mayshamyn, jeke isin jeke mayshamyn jaghyp qaraghany osynyng aighaghy. Hadiste: «Bireudi júmysqa jaldasanyzdar, mandayynyng teri qúrghamay túryp enbek­aqysyn beruge mindettisizder» (Haysami, «Mәjmau zәuaiyd», 4/97.) deu arqyly músylmandardyng eshkimning aqysyn jemeuine qatty mәn bergen.

Qúranda «Kim kisi óltirmegen nemese jer jýzinde búzaqylyq qylmaghan bi­reudi óltirse, sonda shynayy týrde barlyq adamdy óltirgenmen teng bo­lady» («Maida» sýresi, 32-ayat) delingendikten, mú­syl­mandar beybit ómirdi, tatu-tәtti tirlikti jaqtaghan. Sol kezdegi kórshiles evrey, hristian halyq­tary­men jaqsy kelisimde, ózara ymy­ra­las­tyqta ómir sýr­gen. Alghashqy ata zan, yaky adam qúqyq­tary­nyng deklarasiyasy ispetti «Mediyne kelisiminin» 2, 25-bap­tary yahudiylerge din erkindigin tanu mәselesin qamtyghan. Ardaqty Paygham­bary­myz (s.a.s.) «Senderge kitap iyelerin, yaghny hristian men yahudiylerdi amanat etemin», - dep kitap iyelerin jәbir­lemeuge (Suiyti, Ál-Jamius-Saghiyr, II, 473) shaqyrghan.

Kitap iyelerinen (hristiandar men yahudiyler) qyz alugha bolatyny, býkil Payghambarlargha qúrmetpen qaraugha sha­qy­ruynyng ózi de Islamnyng basqa din ókil­derine qanshalyqty iltipatpen qa­ra­ghanyna dәlel. Halifalar dәuirinde de músylmandardy panalaghan ózge din ókil­derine eshqanday qysym jasalmaghan, qayta olardyng qúqy әrkez qorghalyp otyr­ghan. Osynyng әserimen músylman­dar­dyng әdilettigi men diny tózimdiligi erekshe baghalanyp, (yahudiylerding Ab­dul­lah ibn Sәlәm atty ghalymy sekildi) ózge din ókilderining kóptep Islamdy qabyldaghany belgili.

Islam qoghamynda hristiandargha jәne olardyng shirkeulerine qúrmetpen qaraldy. Shirkeudegi týrli mýsindi tas­targha, mozaikalargha, suretterge, arnayy merekelerde taghatyn aiqyshtaryna, qa­birleri men janazalaryna  III-qúrmet kór­setildi. Mәselen, Sinay tauyndaghy Sinay shirkeui  ghasyrda salynghan ghima­rat. Ol hristian tarihynda alghashqy shirkeulerding qatarynda bolghandyqtan, músylmandardyng qolyna ótkende meshitke ainaldyrylmaghan. Tek qana mú­syl­mandardyng nyshany retinde bir ból­mesi ghana namaz oqugha әzirlengen. Ystam­­búldaghy Ayasofiya meshiti de osynyng aighaghy. Áli kýnge deyin hristiandardyng shirkeui retinde tarihy estelik bolyp saqtalghan. Búnday ýlgiler Islam әlemin­de jii kezdesken. Aytalyq, Damask meshitin keneytu ýshin halifa әl-Uәlid ibn Abd әl-Mәlik búzdyrghan Yahonna shirkeuin keyinnen halifa Omar ibn Abdulaziz qayta qalpyna keltirtken (Búl da sonda).

Músylman biyligine qarasty tólene­tin salyqtyng ózi shamasy keletin er kisilerden alynyp, әielderden, balalardan, poptar men mýmkindigi joq nauqas, soqyr, kedeyler men qúldardan alyn­baghandyghyn hristian zertteushileri zor qúrmetpen jazghan (Arnolid S.Ád-Dautul ilal Islam.).

Qúranda: «Namaz oqylghannan keyin jer betine tarandar, Allanyng mol rahmetin izdender. (Aqyrette azaptan) qútyludy ýmit etip, Allany kóp zikir etinder» («Júma» sýresi, 10-ayat.), hadisterde «Rizyqtyng onda  saudada» (Mýnәui, Fәizul-qadiyr. 3/244.) delingendikten-toghyzy -  músylmandar sauda-sat­tyqty barynsha damytqan. Alayda mú­syl­mandar saudanyng adal boluyna kónil bólgen. Hadisterde «Shyn sózdi senimdi saudager (qiyamet kýni) Payghambar­lar­men, syddyqtarmen jәne sheyittermen tiriledi», «Kim tauardyng kemistigin aitpay satsa, Allanyng azabyna úshyraydy, perish­teler ýnemi oghan qarghys aitady» («әt-Taj», 2/196) delingendikten, satqan zatynyng kemistigi bolsa alushygha ja­syr­may aitatyn bolghan. Islam boy­yn­sha satushy qalayda tauaryn ótkizu ýshin ótirik ant ishpeui kerek. Basqanyng alu­shysyna óz tauaryn ótkizuge tyryspauy kerek, alushy óz dýkenining esigine kelgenge deyin ony ózine shaqyrmauy tiyis. Búl sauda etikasyna jatqan. Hadiste «Alla satuda jenildikti jәne júm­saq­tyqty, satyp aluda jenildik pen sy­payy minez kórsetkendi, qaryz qay­ta­ru­da onay әri sypayylyqty jaqsy kóredi» (әt-Tәrghib uәt-Tarhiyb, 3/354) delingendikten, músylmandar saudada da bir-birin syilap túratyn adamgershilik minezden ajyramaghan. Payghambarymyz kózi tirisinde Islamda saudagha engizgen erejelerin baqylap, bazar ishine shyghyp túrghan. Sonday oqighanyng birinde, qap­taghy bidayynyng betine jaqsysyn sa­lyp, astyna jamanyn salghanyn bayqap, astynghy bidaydyng nelikten dymqyl ekenin súraghan. Satushy janbyrdan dym­qyl tartyp qalghanyn aitqanda «Ony el kóretin jaghyna nege qoy­maysyn. Bizdi aldaushy bizden emes» degen sógis estigen («At-Taj»).

Qúranda «Kýmәnsiz, músylmandar bir-birimen bauyr» («Hujurat» sýresi, 10-ayat.), «Olar mýminderge óte meyirban» («Maida» sýresi, 54-ayat.), hadisterde «Nәpsimdi qúdiretinde ústaghan Allagha ant eteyin, sizder imangha kelmeyinshe júmaqqa kire almaysyzdar. Bir-birlerinizdi jaqsy kórmeyinshe imangha kele almaysyzdar. Sizderge bir-birinizdi jaqsy kóruge septigi tiyetin nәrse aitayyn ba? Aralarynyzda sәlemdesudi jayynyzdar!» (Musliym, Sahiyh. 93. ), «Músylmandar bir-birin myqtap ústap túrghan qabyrgha tәrizdi» (Musliym, «Sahiyh».), «Mýminder bir-birin jaqsy kórude, jan ashuda, bir-birine meyirimdilik tanytuda, bir mýshesi auyrghanda basqa mýsheleri qosyla syzdaytyn dene tәrizdi» (Musliym, «Sahiyh»), «Ua,  músylmannyng bauyry.-Alla­nyng qúldary! Bauyr bolynyzdar! Mú­syl­man  Oghan әrqashan qol úshyn beredi. Ózinen tómen kórmeydi. Taqualyq degen osynda. Adam­gha músylman bauyryn qor sanauy kýnә retinde jetkilikti» (Musliym, «Sahiyh») degendikten, músylmandar bir-birin bauyr sanap, jaqsy kórgen, qúr­mettegen. Aralarynda tatulyqty nyghay­typ, bir-birining kem-ketigin tolyqty­ryp, qinala qalsa qol úshyn beruge asyq­qan. Osy orayda Ánsar men Múha­jirlerding bauyrlastyghy tarihta altyn әriptermen jazylghany anyq.

Ibn Omardyng aituynsha, sahabalar ózara qoy soyyp, basty bireuine úsyna­dy. Ol «Pәlenshening qarny menen de ash, basty soghan berinder» deydi. Ol kisi de dәl osylay dep basty basqagha úsynady. Osylaysha jeti kisiden ótip baryp bas alghashqy kisining ózine keledi. Óitkeni, otyrghandardyng eng qaryn ashy sol edi» (I. Ghazali. «Ihia-ulum ad-diyn», II t. 434 b.).

Mediynege kelgen múhajir Abdurrahman ibn Auf (r.a.) pen әnsarlyq Saad ibn Rәby ekeuin Payghambarymyz bauyr dep jariyalaghanda, Saad Abdurrahmangha: «Bauyrym, mediynelikter ishindegi eng dәulettisi menmin. Endigi jerde bayly­ghym­nyng teng jartysy ózindiki. Eki ýiim bolsa, bireui seniki. Bau-baqsham da sonday. Qalasan, eki jarymnyng da birin sa­ghan nekeleyin. Ózing tanda» deydi. Sonda Abdurrahman ibn Auftyng oghan: «Alla niyetindi qabyl alyp, baylyghyna berekesin bersin. Sen maghan bazardyng qayda ekenin kórsetseng boldy, sol jetkilikti» degeni Islamda bauyrlastyqtyng qansha­lyq­ty shynayy bolghandyghyn dәleldeydi.

taqualyqta ilgeri-«Allanyng aldynda eng ardaqty, ýs­tem­dering  bolghandar» («Hujurat» sýresi, 13) degen ayat, son­day-aq hadisterde «Adamdardyng barly­ghy taraqtyng tisterindey bir-birimen ten» (Ábu Shudja ad Daylami, 1986, t. 4. 300.), «Aqtyng qaradan, arabtyng arab emesten  taqualyqta» (Ahmad ibn Hanbal, «Mýsnәd»,-artyqshylyghy joq. Artyq­shylyq  №22391) degen Islam dini qúldargha da janashyrlyqpen qara­ghany, olardy da bauyr sanaghany mәlim. Hadisterde olardy shamasy kelmeytin isterge júmsamau, onday jaghdayda kó­mektesu, olargha óz ishkeninnen ishkizip, óz kiygeninnen kiygizu (Sahih Buhariy), «qú­lym» dep emes, qayta ózine jaqyn tar­typ «úlym, qyzym» dep atau kerektigi aitylghany mәlim. Tútqyndardy ózara músylmandardyng ýilerine bólip bergende, olar tamaqtyng dәmdisin ózderi ishpey, solardyng aldyna qoyghan. Tanyrqap sebebin súraghan tútqyn «Payghambary­myz bizge tútqyndargha jaqsy qarandar» dep búiyrghan degen jauap estigen.

Islam dini qoghamda jauapkershilik degen úghymnyng manyzyn úqtyrdy. Hadiste: «Patsha memleketke jauapty. Ota­ghasy otbasyna jauapty. Malshy ma­ly­na jauapty. Áyeli otaghasynyng mýl­kine jauapty. Árkim qaramaghynda­ghy­largha jauapty» (Búhari, Júma, 11.) delingendikten, әr músylman óz isine ýlken jauapkershilikpen qarady. Ábu Bәkir (r.a.) halifa taghayyndalghanda, halyq­tyng aldyna shyghyp «Men layyq bolmasam da osy mindetke taghayyndaldym. Eger men әdildikpen basqara alsam, onda sonymnan erinizder, al eger tura­shyl­dyqtan ajyrasam meni týzetinizder» degeni, sonday-aq jauapkershilikting zil batpan auyrlyghyn sezip: «Uallahi, osyn­sha­lyqty jauapkershilik jýktelgen adam bolyp jaratylghannan góri týie jeytin jantaq bolsamshy?!» dep әrdayym tereng kýizeliste jýrgeni belgili. Al el basqarghan kezinde halifa Omardyng (r.a.) «Eger Efrat ózenining jaghasynda bir týie joghalsa nemese ózdiginen sugha batyp ólse, Alla onyng da esebin menen súray ma dep qorqam», «Eng  maghan kemshilikterimdi aitqan adam» degen mazmúny teren-jaqsy adam  sózder aitqany mәlim. Búl Islamda jauapkershilikting qanshalyqty joghary bolghanyna dәlel.

Islam dini sonday-aq, týrli azghyn­dyq­tardy auyzdyqtap, qoghamda izgilikting ýstemdik qúruyn qamtamasyz etken. IYs­lamgha deyingi arab qoghamynyng «qaran­ghy­lyq dәuir» dep atalghany tarihtan bel­gili. Nebәri 23 jyl ishinde araqqú­mar­lyq, nәpsiqúmarlyq, zinaqorlyq, әdiletsizdik, qatigezdik, qyz balany tiridey topyraqqa kómu sekildi kóptegen qoghamdyq  analardyng tabanynyng astynda»-indetterdi týp tamyrymen joydy. «Jәnnat  (Nәsai, Jihad, 6.) deytindey ananyn, qyz balanyng qúrmeti ósti. «Úyat - imannan» (Búhari, «Iman») delinip, iba­lylyq pen úyattylyq artty. «Kór­shisi ash kezde ózi toq jatqan adam bizden emes» (Hakiym, II, 15) delinip, músyl­man­dardyng bir-birine degen janashyrlyghy molaydy. «Ózennen dәret alsang da, sudy ysyrap etuge bolmaydy» (Ibn Áby Shayba (713) Ábu Darda) degen syny biyik, syry tereng ústanymdar jolgha qoyyldy. Búl Islam dinining halyqty jaqsylyqqa tәrbiyeleudegi bagha jetpes enbegin kórsetedi. Zina jasaghysy keletinin ashyq aitqan jas jigitke Paygham­barymyzdyng «Sen sonday isti anana, qaryndasyna, әpkene bireuding jasagha­nyn qalar ma edin?! Demek, basqalar da óz jaqyndaryna qalamaydy» dep tý­sindirui Islam tәrbiyesining taghylymdyq әri psihologiyalyq astary qanshalyqty tereng bolghanyn andatady (Imam Ahmad, Mýsnad, 5/256-257.).

Islam dini qoghamdyq qatynastardy rettey otyryp, adamzattyng damuyna jol ashty. Osy túrghydan músylmandar ta­rihta bagha jetpes mәdeniyet men ór­keniyetting negizin qalaghanyn da aitpay ketuge bolmas. Óitkeni, Islam mәde­niyeti men órkeniyeti belgili bir dengeyde batys әlemine de әser etti. Krest jo­ryq­tary arqyly Europa Islam mәdeniyetimen tanysty.

Orta ghasyrda sayasy biylik әskery aristokratiyanyn, al diny biylik shir­keuding qolynda bolghandyqtan, batysta memleket jýiesi tolyqqandy týrde qa­lyptaspaghan edi. Europa shyghystan memlekettik qúrylymnyng qanday bola­tynyn kórdi, krest joryqtary nәtiy­jesinde ortalyqtandyrylghan memlekettik basqaru jýiesin ornatugha mýmkindik berdi (Ismayyl Habiyb, Avrupa edebiyaty ve biyz.1/396).

Músylmandar kitap basu, jer óndeu tehnologiyasy men jerdi qoldan suaru, jel diyirmeni, kompas, shyny óndiru, mata shygharu, bau-baqshalar ósiru, sifrdi tabu, qalalar salu, aqsha men chek shygharu, sauda jýiesin qúru jәne taghy basqa da qoghamdyq salalardyng damuyna erekshe ýles qosty. Batystyqtar tipti kiyinudi de músylmandardan ýirengeni jasyryn emes. Kóilek degen maghynany bildiretin «chemise» degen sóz arabtyng «qamiys» degen sózinen alyndy.

Abbasilar uaqytynda týrli aimaq­tarda fabrikalar qúryldy. Europa­lyqtar qaghazdy Shamda kórgendikten, onyng atyn «karta damasana» dep atady.

Europagha tanday qaqtyrghan Andalussiya mәdeniyetining ózi nege túrarlyq. Milady 711 jyly músylman qolbas­shy­sy Tariq Ibn Ziyad 7000 әskerimen 90 000 Rodrik әskerin talqandap, Soltýstik Afrikany azat etti. Músylmandar búl aimaqta segiz ghasyr biylik jýrgizdi. Búl dәuirde Andalussiyadaghy Islam mәde­niyeti kýlli әlemge tanday qaqtyrdy.

Europagha ghylymy әri filosofiyalyq úghymdar Sisiliya men Andalussiya ar­qy­ly tarady. Sisiliya úzaq uaqyt boyy músylmandardyng biyligine qaraghan­dyqtan Europamen, әsirese Italiyamen tyghyz mәdeny baylanysta edi.

1085 jyly Toledo músylmandardan tartyp alynyp, Papa I Bernard episkop bolghanda, manayyna arab tilining audar­ma­shy mamandary jinaldy. Búl hristian Europanyng músylman ghylymyn paydalanuy ýshin jasaldy.

Islam mәdeniyetine ýlken qyzyghu­shylyqpen qaraghan german imperatory Fridrik II 1240 jyly ghalamnyng mәn­giliktigi, ruhtyng bolmysy, din men ghylymnyng qarym-qatynastary sekildi, t.b. filosofiyalyq mәselelerdi músyl­man ghalymdardan súraytyn bolghan. Friy­drik medreselerge shәkirtter jiberip, músylman ghalymdarynyng enbek­te­rin audartady, әri medresedegi oqu jýie­sin negizge alyp uniyversitter ashady.

Europa Islam mәdeniyetin sintezdey otyryp, ghylymda, ónerde ýlken tabys­targha qol jetkizdi. HII ghasyrdaghy arabsha audarmalardyng yqpaly óte zor bol­dy. Miyse Libiriyding aitqanynday, «HV ghasyrgha deyin arabtardyng kitaptarynan paydalanbaghan jәne olardy audarmaghan europalyq ghalym neken-sayaq bolatyn. Olardyng qatarynda R. Bekon, Leonardo, A. Magnustar da bar».

Europanyng týbindegi Andalussiya mә­deniyetting bay ortalyghy edi. H ghasyrdyng basynda-aq Kordovada bir katalogynyng ózi 44 tomgha baratyn alty jýz myng qol­jazba enbekterge toly kitaphanalar bol­ghan. Múnday bay bilim qazynasy ba­tys ghalym­daryn da, shirkeu mamandaryn da An­dalus­siyagha baryp bilim alugha asyqtyrdy.

H ghasyrda Islam mәdeniyeti Gimalaydan Piriyneyge, Qara tenizden Adana búghazyna deyin sozylyp jatqan býkil músylman әlemine tarady. Siriya men Irak jerleri Islam mәdeniyetining iri ortalyqtary edi.

Búl kezende jasalghan enbekterding auqymy orasan. Ádebiyetting damyghany sonsha, ghylym men ónerge de yqpal etken. Islam dinining keng jaghrapiyagha tara­luynyng arqasynda, sonday-aq Qúran­nyng tili, qúlshylyqtardyng da sol tilde jasaluynyng yqpalymen sózdik qory bay arab tili ortaq tilge ainaldy. Ámәuy halifasy Abd әl-Mәlik kezeninde arab tili memleketting resmy tili retinde qa­byldandy. Uaqyt óte kele arab tili ghy­lym men әdebiyetting tili retinde qalyp­tasty. Últy arab emes músylmandar da óz enbekterin arab tilinde jaza bastady. Arab tilin bilu ziyalylyqtyng belgisi sa­naldy. Kordova, Sevilla men Tole­do­daghy ataqty arab joghary mektepteri kóptegen batys últtarynyng bilim izdenushilerin ózine tartty.

Fransuz jogharghy poptarynyng biri Silivester II H ghasyrdyng eng ozyq oily hristian túlghalarynyng biri edi. Óit­keni, Toledoda joghary bilimin tәmamda­dy. Sol jerdegi ýsh jyl ishinde músyl­man ghalymdardan matematika, astronomiya, geografiya men basqa da ghylym­dardy iygergen.

Ispaniyanyng jaqyn boluy, eki memleket arasyndaghy barys-kelisting jenil­digi sebepti Fransiyagha Islam mәdeniyeti anaghúrlym tez yqpal etken. Arabtardyng ontýstik Fransiyanyng bir bóligi men Ispaniyanyng soltýstiginde orna­las­qan Piriyney taularyna jarty ghasyr­dan astam biylik jýrgizgen kezderinde kóptegen óndiris salalary, sharua­shylyq tәsilderi, keng qoldanystaghy әri barlyghy arabtar oilap tapqan jab­dyq­tar, su qú­byrlary ontýstik Fransiyagha engen.

Ispaniyagha ayaq basqan músyl­man­dar­dyng oi-pikir, tehnologiya, ilim sa­lala­ryn­da joghary boluy, hriys­tian­dargha diny erkindik berui, ashqan mektepterine qabyldaghan oqushylardy diny senimine qaray alalamauy, óz kezeginde birqatar ispandyqtyng Islam dinin qabyldauyna týrtki bolghan.

Sisiliyany eki ghasyrday biylegen uaqytta músylmandar hristiandargha keng qúqyqtar bergen. Aralda birtútas әkim­shilik-basqaru jýiesin ornatqan. Keyinnen hristiandardyng qolyna ótken aralda hristian patshalar músylman­dargha tiyispegen. Saraylarda shyghys modasyna say kiyimder kiyilip, saray ishi shyghys tәsiline qaray bezendirilgen. Uәzirleri, qorghaushylary, aspazdary músylmandardan tandalghan.

Batys Europagha yqpal etken arab-islam mәdeniyetimen qosa, Shyghys Europa kóbine týrki Islam mәdeniyetining de yqpalyn kórdi. Shyghys hristiandary (ortodokstar men keybir aghymdar) katolik aghymynyng biyliginen góri adamgha erkindik beretin músylmandardyng biyligin jaqtady.  qara qyldy-Islamnyng Vizantiya jerinde tez tarauynyng taghy bir sebebi  qaq jarghan әdildigi bolghan.

Islamda suret salu men mýsin ja­saugha tyiym salynghandyqtan, músyl­mandar ónerding basqa týrlerin jetildirgen. Aytalyq, músylman kalligrafiyasy - beyneleu ónerining joghary jetistigi retinde qabyldanyp, kórkem suret janryn­da erekshe oryn aldy. Ol ayattar­dy әsemdep jazudy damyta kele, keyinnen sәulet ónerine de sindi. Eskertkish, ghima­rat­tardyng qabyrghalaryn maghynaly óleng joldarymen, hadistermen sәnde­gen búl jazular shyghys sәulet ónerining ózindik ereksheligine ainaldy.

Arab kalligrafiyasy ornamentke janasa otyryp, erekshe әser beruimen erekshelendi. Kalligrafiya óneri asa kórkemdiligi, yaghny estetikalylyghy ýshin óte joghary baghalandy.

Sәuletshiler saraylar men meshitter­ding qabyrghalaryn arab jazuymen, stili­ge keltirilgen gýlder men geome­triyalyq órnektermen kómkerip otyrdy. Búl basqa mәdeniyetterge úqsamaytyn sol zamannyng ozyq ýlgilerin tudyrdy. Mysaly, Tәj Mahal, Ystambúldaghy Kógildir meshit, Omar meshiti, әl-Ázhar meshiti, Ibny Tulun meshiti, Samarqand, Isfahan meshitteri, Grenadadaghy Aligamra sarayy, Kordova saraylary men meshitteri.

Kalligrafiyanyng san aluan týrleri­men kómkerilgen islam elderining  grek, riym-ónerin­de kóptegen tendensiyalar biriktirildi. Búl  mәdeniyetterining dәstýr­le­ri, búl keshegi bәdәuiyler mәdeniyeti men Iran mәdeniyeti, Irak, Siriya, My­syr, Aughanstan, Orta Aziya memleket­terining naqyshtary. Meshit, múnaralary­men alystan kóz tartatyn әdemi qala­lar, saraylar óz stilderimen erekshelendi. Jolaushylardyng sapar jolynda damyldauyna ontayly soghylghan keruen saraylar әdemi oy órnekpen naqysh­taldy. Meshitterding ishki jaghyna kilem sekildi etip, әdemi mozaikalar salyndy. Osy kýnge deyin saqtalghan qala syr­tyndaghy dәuletti kisiler túratyn eldi mekender tek bekem qabyrghalarymen ghana emes, әdemi jazbalarymen, әshekey­liligimen tamsandyrghan keruen saray­lardy qalyptastyrdy. Ádemi ghimarat­tar­men qatar su kózderi salynyp, neshe týrli su búrqaqtary әlemdi tamsandyrdy.

1260-1277 jyldary batyr babamyz Zahir ad-Din Beybarystyng biyligi túsynda Mysyrdyng ekonomikasy men mәdeniyeti kórkeyip, meshit, medreseler, kópirler, keruen saraylar kóptep sa­lyndy. Ol ózine deyin basymdyq kór­setip kelgen sýnnittik aghymnyng Shafiy­ghy mektebine ghana emes, tórt mazhabqa da teng qúqyq berdi. Beybarys Islam dini men mәdeniyetine, ghylymyna kóp kónil bóldi. Birqatar júrtpen diplomatiyalyq qatynas ornatty.

Jalpy alghanda, Islam dinining keluimen islam әlemine ortaq biregey mәde­niyet, óner, órkeniyet qalyptasty. Islam órkeniyeti ayasynda arab, parsy, týrki tildi oishyldar men ghalymdar adamzat mәde­niye­tinde óshpes iz qaldyrdy. Oghan músyl­man shyghysyndaghy Mauarannahr yaghny Orta Aziyalyq, sonymen qatar qazaq elining 30-dan astam Farabiyleri, 40-qa juyq Taraziyleri, sandaghan Sayramiyler, Sygh­na­qiyler, Jendiyler, Kerderiyler, Múhammed Haydar Dulati, Jal­ayyriyler jәne t.b. ataqty ghúlamalary da zor ýles qosty.

adamzat oilap tapqan eshbir jýiemen salys­tyrugha kelmeytin jan-jaqty tolysqan iylәhy jýie!-Qoryta kelgende, Islam dini

әlemdik órkeniyetterding eng ozyghy!-Islam dini

Mәdeniyetterding eng kemeli!

Gumanizm men beybitshilikti jaqtay­tyn tatulyq dini!

Ónerdi qoldaghan, aqyl-oydy kemeline keltirgen, ghylymdy damytqan úly din!

әrisi Paygham­barymyz­dyn, berisi Ábu Nasyr әl-Farabiy,-Islam dini  Qoja Ahmet Yasaui, Sýleymen Baqyrghani, Súltan az-Zahir Beybarys, Hafiz ad-Din Kerderi, M.H. Dulati, Hasan Ály Jalayyry sekildi ata-babalarymyzdyn, bәrinen búryn úly Alla taghalanyng asyl amanaty, ertengi núrly bolashaghymyz­dyng ýmiti, bayandy baqytymyzdyng kepili.

Býgingi úrpaqqa deyin kelip jetken osy qasiyetti amanatty kózding  qazirgi-qarashy­ghynday qorghau, ruhany qúndylyq­tarymyzdy dәripteu  әrbir iysi músylman balasynyng qasiyetti boryshy. Búl borysh bizding qoghamda jýregi Alla dep soqqan, «músylman ýmbeti» degen atqa layyq azamattar qatary kóbeygen sayyn óz dengeyinde atqaryla bereri sózsiz.

Islam Qazaq memlekettiligining san ghasyrlar boyy jýrer joly, tayanyshy, sýienishi, qorghany, berik imany boldy. Qazir de solay, bolashaqta da solay bolady.

Ábsattar qajy DERBISÁLI, Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasy jәne Orta Aziya mýftiyler kenesining tóraghasy, Bas mýftiy.

«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti