…Syrttay qaraghanda Abaydyng sopylyq turaly týsinigi qayshylyqty bolyp kórinedi. Ol Birinshi sózinde “Sofylyq qylyp, din baghu? Joq, ol da bolmaydy, oghan da tynyshtyq kerek. Ne kónilde, ne kórgen [2, 158]: kýninde bir tynyshtyq joq, osy elde, osy jerde ne qylghan sofylyq?”- deydi. Al, shyndyghynda taza sopylyq, kónil tynyshtyghyna, baqytqa, moralidyq erkindikke úlasudyng birden-bir joly. Naghyz tynyshtyqty adam taza sopylyqtan tabady. “Otyz segizinshi sózinde”: kýlli adam tәrki dýnie bolyp, hu dep tariqatqa kirse, dýnie oiran bolsa kerek. Maldy kim baghady? Dúshpandy kim toqtatady? Kiyimdi kim toqidy? Astyqty kim egedi? Dýniyedegi Allanyng pendeleri ýshin jaratqan qazynalaryn kim izdeydi? Nyghmetterding iyesi (sahiyb-un-niyghma) – Tәnirge shýkirshiliging joq bolsa, әdepsizdikpenen kýnәhar bolmaysyng ba? Eger de búl jol jarym-jartylaryna ghana aitylghan bolsa, jarym-jarty rast dýniyede bola ma? Rast bolsa, hәmmagha birdey rast bolsyn, alalaghan rast bola ma, hәm ghadalәt bola ma? Olay bolghanda, ol júrtta ghúmyr joq bolsa kerek. Ghúmyr ózi – haqiqat. Qay jerde ghúmyr joq bolsa, onda kәmәlәt joq” deydi.

Búl jerdegi Abaydyng sopylyqqa taghyp otyrghan syny jana syn emes, ol sonau tradisionalister men sopylar arasynda IH ghasyrdan beri kele jatqan syn. Kezinde búl syn sopylyqty týsine almay, dindi tek qana forma retinde kóretinder tarapynan aitylghan-dy. Degenmen, taza sopylyqtaghy ahiylik instituttar islam órkeniyetin jaudan qorghaushy, ekonomikasyn nyghaytushy, qoghamyn biriktirushi, arlylyq pen imandylyqtyng ýlgisi, jalpy islamdyq dýniyetanymnyng estetikalyq, moralidyq qúndylyqtar jýiesin retteushi bolghan jәne bola beredi de. Ras, sopylyq joldyng tek “didar talap” etushilerge qana arnalghandyghy belgili. Onyng adamnyng tabighatynan tughan erekshelikter ekendigi de anyq. “Didar talap” ghylymy – qabilet, ynta, jiger, sonymen qatar Tәnirding qúty arqyly beriletin, iygeriletin sopylyq ilim. Al, Abay jalpygha birdey dep qarastyrghan hikmet yaghni, filosofiya da әrkimning ýlesine tie beretin qazyna emes, yaghny әr adamnyng shynayy filosof (hakiym) boluy da mýmkin emes. Dýniye, ghúmyr – shynayy sopy, ghashyqtar ýshin mәnsiz de, maghynasyz da emes. Kerisinshe, osy dýniye, ómir-adamdy kemeldilikke jetkizuding túghyry. Shyn ghashyqtar ýshin de ghúmyr haram emes, aqiqat. Jalpy shynayy sopylar Tәnirding jaratqan әleminen kórkemdik pen әsemdikten basqa eshtene kóre almaydy. Dýnie – kemeldikting negizi bolsa, olar dýniyening paydasy – kemeldikting alanyn qalay úmytsyn. Úmytpau ýshin arnayy zikir (eske alu) әdisin әr deminde qoldanu ýstinde bolady. Olar dýniyeni Tәnirding Bar jәne Bir ekendigining ainasy retinde qabyldaydy.

Biraq, Abaydyng osy synyna qarap, ony sopylyq dýniyetanymnyng negizi men mәnin bilmeydi deuge bolmaydy. Onda maqsat bar. Búl maqsatty Abay ózining uaqyty men kenistigindegi ahualdan alyp otyr. Abay ghana emes, jalpy Shyghys әlemi Batystyng tehnologiyasynan, ghylymynan artta qaludyng basty sebebi retinde islamnyng ruhy bolghan sopylyq dýniyetanymdy kórsetken bolatyn. Búghan syrtqy missioner-oriyentalisterding de yqpaly kýshti boldy. Sopylyqty teristeu arqyly islamdyq tútastyqty ydyratu maqsat etildi. Negizinen, óz qatesin kóre almay, syrttan jau izdeu – Iasauy ilimine, onyng metodologiyasyna jat ústanym. Barlyq qúldyrau da, damu da adamnyng ózinen tuyndaydy. Iasauy ýshin adamdyq sananyng ainasy – qalb, últtyq mәdeny kenistikting ainasy – birlik, dinning ainasy – ghylym. Qogham dinin fanatizmnen, qasang dogmatizmnen ýnemi qorghap otyrmasa qúl bolu bylay túrsyn, adam hayuan bolyp, Tәnirding amanatynan júrday bolady. Abaydyng dәuirinde sopylyq jol әbden tozyghy jetip, ózining taza ruhynan alystap, kim kóringenning qúralyna ainalyp, din-qoghamdy ydyratudyng sayasatyna ainalghan bolatyn. Tariqattar sayasy biylik basyndaghy jekelegen han, súltandargha ghana qyzmet ete bastaghan. Sopylyq ózining adamdyq, moralidyq múrattarynan júrday bolghan edi. Osynday tústa Abay: “Árbir nadannyng bir tariqatqa kirdik dep jýrgeni – biz búzyldyq” degenimenen bir bolady. Mollalar túra túrsyn, hususan búl zamannyng ishandaryna bek saq bolyndar. Olar fitnә ghalym, búlardan zalaldan basqa eshnәrse shyqpaydy. Ózderi hýkim-sharighatty taza bilmeydi, kóbi nadan bolady. Onan asyp, ózin-ózi әhil-tariqat bilip jәne bireudi jetkizbek daghuasyn qylady. Búl is olardyng sybaghasy emes, búlardyng jetkizbegi múhal, búlar adamdy azdyrushylar, hәttә dinge de zalaldy. Búlardyng sýigeni – nadandar, sóilegeni – jalghan, dәlelderi – tasbyghy menen shalmalary, onan basqa eshnәrse joq”- deydi. Abaydyng múnday sopylyqtan qashuy óte oryndy. Ári qaray Abay hakimder men taza sopylardy salystyryp, “ekeui de birinen-biri kóp jyraq ketpeydi” dep týiedi. Ekeui de Tәnirding “jaratqan bolmystaryna” (súnghatyna) qarap tereng oilaudy (“pikirlemektik”) aitqan. Biraq, jaratylghandargha qarap tereng oilau arqyly qúdaylyq tanymgha úlasu jolyn týsindirude “ekeuining de sóileui, aituy” basqasha. “Ol hakim, ghalym asylda bir sóz, biraq gharafta (ariyf-dana, әuliye) basqalar dýr”. Abay osy arqyly filosof pen sopynyng aiyrmashylyqtaryn kórsetuge tyrysady. Abay filosofiya (hikmet) men sufizmdi ghaqyl jәne naqyl ghylymdary qataryna jatqyzyp, “ekeui de ózin zorgha eseptemekti (menmendikti), zalymdyqty, adamdardyng bir-birin aldauyn (ótirikti) qalamaydy (jek kóredi). Ekeui de “ghadalәt, marhamat, shapaghatty, raqymdy boludy búiyrdy”- dep, eki tanym arasyndaghy ortaq úqsastyqtardy kórsetuge tyrysady. Biraq búl әreketi de tereng emes, qoldanghan ortaq úghymdary dengeyinde ghana oy týiedi. Abay “men bilemin” degen adam emes. Qayta “bir-eki auyz” arab, parsy sózin bilip, dilmarsyghandardy synaydy. Ózine әrdayym syn kózben qaraydy. Óz minin bilu — Abaydyng tilimen aitqanda – estilik.

Abay “әuliye”, “hakim” jәne “kemel adam” mәselesine syn kózben ózindik bagha beruge tyrysady. “Áulie – búlar da payghambar jolymen oqyp, Haqqa ghashyq bolghandar. Biraq olar aqyrettik (uhraui) paydasyn ghana kýzetti. Ghashyqtary sol hәlge jetti, dýniyeni, dýniyedegi tiyimdi paydasyn úmytty. Bәlki, hisapqa almady”- deydi Abay. Ras, әuliyelik – ghashyqtyq joly. Maqsaty – Haq didaryn kóru. Múraty – Tәnirding bolmysynda ózining “menin” joyyp, erkindikke jetu. Ári qaray Abay: “Biraq, sopylardyng bәri birdey tәrki dýnie emes edi” dep, payghambar zamanyndaghy asa bay on adam (ghashәrәn mýbәshәran) turaly aitady. Onyng oiynsha, “tәrki dýniyelik” dýnie lәzzatyna aldanbau ýshin jasalghan ózine-ózi senbegendik; qauymnyng kónilin dýniyeden suytpaq ýshin ózin fida qylyp, halyqtyng nәpsisimen úrys qylyp, riya, menmendik, toyymsyzdyqtan suynyp ghadalәt, marhamat, mahabbatqa bet búrsyn degen ýmitpen bolsa kerek. Búl jaghdayda, “o da (tәrki dýniye) júrtqa qylghan artyq mahabbattan hisap,”– deydi. Ári qaray sopylyq joldy: “Búl jol bek shetin (qiyn), bek nәzik jol. Búl jolda riyasyz, jenildiksiz bir qarar túryp izdegen kisi ghana isting kәmәlәtyna jetpek. Búl zamanda da nadir (siyrek), búghan ghylymnyng da zory siddyq, qayrattyng da zory, mahabbattyng halaqna da, ua halyq ghalamgha da bek zory tabylmaq kerek. Búlardyng jiylmaghy – qiynnyng qiyny, bәlky fitnә bolar,”- deydi. Mine, Abay óz zamany men kenistigining mәdeniy-dýniyetanymdyq keskinin, әleumettik-psihologiyalyq dertin, sayasiy-qoghamdyq ahualyn jetik baghamday alghan hәkim adam bolatyn.

Abay “Tәnirding jaratqan bolmystaryna qúmarlanyp, ghibrattanushylargha tyi joq, bәlky jaratylghandardyng (súnghatyn) sebebin biluge qúmarlyqtan “sanigh ghashyqtyq” shyghady”, – deydi. Búl jerde óte manyzdy mәsele bar. Shyn ghashyq sopylar Tәnirding Jamal (Kórkemdik) sipatyna ghashyq bolady. Sondyqtan da olar ózderin “Didar talappyz” deydi. Al, Abay Tәnirding didaryna ghashyqtyqqa emes, “sanigh ghashyqtyqqa”, yaghny Tәnirding Jaratushy sipatyna ghashyq bolugha, adamdy Tәnirge úqsap jasampaz bolugha ýndeydi. Óitkeni, Abaydyng zamany jasampazdyqqa, tehnologiyany mengeruge, bilim beru jýiesindegi jana әdiske múqtaj bolatyn. Búl jerde Abaydyng “sanigh ghashyqtyq” úghymy men ilimining óz qoghamy ýshin de, jalpy sopylyq dýniyetanymnyng tarihy damu prosesin saralau túrghysynan da óte qúndy janalyq ekendigin kóruimizge bolady.

Sonymen Abaydyng “men bir júmbaq adammyn” degenindey tylsym jan ekenine kóziniz jetedi. Ol – islam dini jolynda taza imandylyqty uaghyzdaghan hakiym. Al, jalpy týrki әlemi sekildi qazaq músylmandyghynyng ereksheligi de sopylyq dýniyetanym negizinde jatyr. Biraq Abay tariqat jolyna týsken sopy emes, ol sopylyq dýniyetanymdyq oilau jýiesi arqyly óz qoghamyn baqytqa jetkizu jolyn izdegen, halqyna jón kórsetken dana, hakiym. Onyng shәkirti Shәkәrim – әri sopy, әri osy sopylyq dýniyetanymdyq qúndylyqtar arqyly oy tolghaghan әuliye. Búl jerde eki oy iyesi – dananyng әrbir oi-týiinderin ajyratyp taldau mәselesin maqsat etpedik. Tek olardyng adamdyq sanagha jeteleytin, Iasauiyding aq jolynan nәr alghan múragerler ekendigin kórsetumen shekteldik. Degenmen, ar týzeytin ghylymdy týsindiru, taldau tәsilderinde ózindik ereksheligi bar búl tarihy túlghalardyng múrasy býgingi kýn túrghysynan tereninen zerdelenui tiyis. Ókinishke oray, Abaydy býgin de islam filosofiyasynyng erekshelikterine tereng boylay almay ony “dualist” dep tanyp, әri solay tanytyp jýrgender de bar. Abaydyng oilau jýiesi men dýniyetanymyn tany almay keluimizding birinshi sebebi, keshegi ghylymy filosofiya men Batystyq qalyptar arqyly sharttandyrylghan tanymdyq shenberden asa almauymyzdan, ekinshi, islam filosofiyasyn jete bilmeuimizden tuyndap otyr. Atalmysh oishyldarymyzdyng múralarynda Islam dini, filosofiyasy, mәdeniyeti men ghylymynyng negizderi qamtylghan. Analogiyalyq túrghydan qaraytyn bolsaq, osy últtyq túlghalarymyzdyng múralarynan-aq, qazaq dalasyndaghy diny oi-sana zerdeleu, izdenis ýderisinde basqa islamdyq mәdeniyettermen sabaqtastyghyn ýzbegenin kóremiz. Sondyqtan Iasauiydey piri, Abayday hәkimi, Shәkәrimdey danasy bar býgingi qazaq qoghamy ózining diny kenistigin zerttep, tanyp, ýirenu ýshin aldymen solardan qalghan múralardy iygeru satysynan ótui tiyis.

Iasauy salghan jol Abaydan keyingilerge de ýlgi boldy. Iasauy hikmetteri naqyl, terme, qara sóz retinde dәstýr men әdep, oilau men tanym jelisi bolyp tarihymyzdyng belesteri men ataqty túlghalarynyng tilinde, jýreginde, dili men qalamynda miras boldy. Solardyng biregeyi de Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeyúly. Ol ózining bir óleninde әkesi Kópeyding din jolyna salghandyghyn, әkesining tariqat jasynda bolyp, Ábilqasym ishangha qyzmet etkendigin tilge tiyek etedi [250, I, 95]. Mәshhýr de әkesinin… “Bar edi ýsh kitaby jazba týrki, Belgili júrtqa maghlúm dinge berki, Ekeuin shala-sharpy bilushi edi, Joq edi bireuine anyq erki” [250, IV, 207]. Jasynan din jolyn tereng mengerudi talap etken Mәshhýr Samarqan, Búqara, Tashkent, Týrkistandy sharlap, sopylyq mәdeniyettin, islamnyng negizderin ústazdary arqyly saralap, ýirenedi. Mәshhýrding tandaghan joly da ar týzeytin jan ghylymy bolghandyqtan Iasauy mәdeniyetining ishinde ekendigin myna óleng joldarynan-aq biluge bolady: “…Qoja Ahmet Týrkistandy qylyp otan, Dýniyeden sonday erler ótip ketti” [250, II, 167]. Mәshhýr Iasauy mәdeniyetining ókili bolghanymen, tariqaty – naqshbandiya. Mәshhýr sopylyq jolgha týsu ýshin aldymen Iasauiyge ziarat etip, әri qaray, jiyrma toghyz jasynda, Búharagha baryp, Qoja Hamzadan dәris alady [250, IV. 187]. “… Kýndiz-týni basyma pana bolghan, Qoja-y Bahauddin kәmil pirim” – dep ózi búl derekti naqtylaydy. Búl jerdegi Bahauuddin Naqshbandy – atalghan tariqattyng negizin salghan dana. Al naqshbandiya tariqaty da Iasauy tariqatynan shyghyp, damyp, keng taralghan. Sondyqtan Mәshhýrding joly Iasauy joly men mәdeniyetining jalghasy dep aituymyzgha bolady. Mәshhýr oilau jýiesi jaghynan, úghymdyq kenistigi men uaqyty túrghysynan ejelgi din oshaghy Búhara, Týrkistan aimaghy ereksheligin kórsetetin týrki sopylyq mektebining ókili. Ol dәstýrli jol – ghashyqtyq jolda, aldymen Allany, payghambardy, perishteleri men kitapty, adamdy, jýrekti, nәpsini jyrlaytyn, tanymnyng kózi retinde qalb – (kónildi) tanityn, onyng ruhany kemeldigi men tazalyghyn, Allamen ýndesudin, ýilesuding kilti dep úqtyratyn ústanymdaghy Iasauy jolynyng ókili.

Iasauiyding “Bir ua Barym didaryndy kórer me ekem?” degen yntyzargha, ansau men saghynyshqa toly, tilegi men jýreginin, ómirining qalauy men múraty Bir Alla. Mәshhýrde de “Bir ua Barym” – sol qalyp, sol kýiinde, saqtalyp otyrady. Mәshhýr de Allasyna, onyng didaryna ghashyq jan.

Qazaq dalasy ýshin sopylyq mәdeniyetting sol kezdegi oshaghy Syr boyy, Týrkistan bolatyn. Sopylyqty tandaghan qazaqtar ýshin aldymen Iasauiyding ruhany batasyn alyp, onymen súhbat qúru dәstýri saqtalghan-dy. Osy dәstýr Mәshhýrde de aiqyn kórinis tapqan. Ol “Hazretting aq kýmbezin ziyarat qyp, Qol jayyp bata alghaly pirimizden…” “Hazretke, bәri de úmyt aman barsam, Pirlerden densaulyqta fatiha alsam” [250, IV, 150-153], – deydi.

Iasauy babamyz, “jalghan sopy”, “riyaker dindarlar” turaly, olardyng ruh әlemining sipatyn taldap jazyp ketken. Mysaly, “Faqrnama” atty risalada “Aqyrzaman shayhtary: “muridterinen dәme qylady”, “jany kýpirlik pen dalalatta (adasushylyqta (eretiyk))”, “ahl-y bidatty jaqsy kóredi”, ahl-y sunnatty jek kóredi”, ilm-y sharighatpen amal qylmaydy”, “haramgha kóz tigedi”, “jamandyqty әdet qyla túra Alla taghalanyng rahmetinen ýmit etedi”, “shayhtyqty qor qylady”, “muridteri de dinnen shyghady”, “ózderi de “murtad” bolady”, “muridterining esiginde qorlyq-zorlyq kórip jýredi”, “muridterinen niyaz alady”, “eger muridter “nәzir ua niyaz” bermese “Men senen bizarmyn, Qúdayda bizar dep úrysyp, baqyrady” [3, 63].

Mәshhýr zamanynda da sopylyq jol qarausyz, әrkimning ailasy men paydasyna qyzmet etetin, mәnin joghalta bastaghan bolatyn. “Sharighat – kitap sózi, qaldy tozyp, Bәige aldy talay ótirik, Shynnan ozyp, Qoja, molda, qajylar kóp bolghan son, Barady byt-shyt qylyp júrtty búzyp, Dýnie molda, qojalar júrtty búzdy, Ústasamyn qojamen elde túrghan, Nege deseng búzyqshy kóp, antúrghan, “Syr men Týrkistannan kelip qaytqan, Ishandardyng isine janym qúrban” [250, 198]. Búdan Mәshhýrding oiy men tanymy boyynsha, Syr boyy, Týrkistan qoja-ishandary ghana búzylmaghan. Búl da әriyne, sol dәuir ýshin salystyrmaly tújyrym. Mektep, medrese tekke kórgen Mәshhýr ózining diny bilim alu kezeninde “Zubdat-ul Masayiyl” (Mәselelerding qaynar kózi), “Muhammadiya”, “Muhtasar” (qysqasha fiyqh kitaby), “Sopy Allayar” (“Sabat-ul Ajiziyn” – Ezilgenderding tiregi – Alla), “Qisas-ul Anbiya” (Payghambar hikayalary), “Hafti-yak” (Qúrannyng jetiden bir bóligi) jәne Qúran oqyghandaryn kórsetedi. Búl sol dәuirdegi diny bilim beru jýiesindegi kitap qazynasy men dәristik baghdarlamalaryn aiqyndaugha negiz bolatyn derekter ekendigi dausyz [250, IV, 207].

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