Elbasynyng «Bolashaqqa baghdar: ruhany janghyru» atty maqalasy qazirgi zamanghy adam ómirining manyzdylyghy men pragmatizmdik túrghyda Qazaqstan halqynyng sanasyn qalyptastyru qajettiligi turaly mәseleni egjey-tegjeyli talqylaydy.

Elbasy pragmatizm turaly týsinik beredi: «Pragmatizm – ózinning últtyq jәne jeke baylyghyndy naqty bilu, ony ýnemdi paydalanyp, soghan sәikes bolashaghyndy josparlay alu, ysyrapshyldyq pen astamshylyqqa, danghoylyq pen kerdendikke jol bermeu degen sóz. Qazirgi qoghamda shynayy mәdeniyetting belgisi – orynsyz sәn-saltanat emes. Kerisinshe, ústamdylyq, qanaghatshyldyq pen qarapayymdylyq, ýnemshildik pen oryndy paydalanu kórgendilikti kórsetedi. Naqty maqsatqa jetuge, bilim alugha, salamatty ómir saltyn ústanugha, kәsiby túrghydan jetiluge basymdyq bere otyryp, osy jolda әr nәrseni útymdy paydalanu – minez-qúlyqtyng pragmatizmi degen osy».

Qazirgi Qazaqstannyng tarihy, yaghny Kenes Odaghy ydyraghannan bastap býgingi kýnge deyin - búl, eng aldymen, qazirgi zamanghy bizding preziydentimizding pragmatikalyq sayasatynyng pragmatikalyq nәtiyjesi.

KSRO-nyng songhy jyldarynda, eki túlgha - Gorbachev pen Elisin jәne bizding respublikamyzdyng basshysy Qazaqstan men kóp últty halyqtyng mýddelerine say osy eki manyzdy sayasatkerler arasyndaghy pragmatikalyq tәsilmen jәne aqylmen, múqiyat, sypayy jәne etikalyq týrde dúrys qarym-qatynasta bolugha kýsh saldy. KSRO men RSFSR, KSRO-Kremli men Qazaq KSR arasyndaghy, sonday-aq Aq Ýy - RSFSR men Qazaq KSR arasynda teris saldarlargha bizding Elbasy jol bermedi. Búl naghyz pragmatizmning kórinisi!

Bizding kóshbasshynyng búl sayasaty óz pozitivti jәne beybit jemisin berdi: búrynghy Kenes Odaghynyng 1990-shi jj. bizding ortaq ýiimiz Qazaqstanda etnikalyq qaqtyghystargha jol bergen joq, onyng ishinde kez kelgen aiyrmashylyqtar beybit jәne tynysh jaghdayynda sheshilgen. Qazaqstannyng býkil kópúltty halqynyng jәne KSRO – Qazaq KSR, Kremli men Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasy arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastardy, Aq ýi-RKFSR jәne Qazaq KSR arasyndaghy, sonday-aq qazaq jәne orys halqy, Qazaqstan men Reseyding arasynda otqa may qosugha «qara» destruktivti kýshter tyrysty. Búl eshkimge qúpiya emes. Sodan barlyghynan Qazaq Elin bizding Preziydentimizding salqyndy pragmatikalyq sayasaty qútqaryp aldy. Búl naghyz pragmatizmning kórinisi!

Belovejskaya pushadan keyin birden Resey, Ukraina jәne Belorusi basshylary slavyan tektes odaghy turaly bastamany úsyndy. Bizding Preziydentimiz dereu uaqytynda jәne pragmatikalyq týrde slavyan-týrki memleketterin odaghyn qúrugha úsynys jasady. Slavyan-aziyalyqtar syzyghy boyynsha esh janjaldargha jol bolmady. Sonymen, Elbasynyng osynday әrket arqasynda búrynghy Yugoslaviyadaghy oqighalardan býkil TMD halyqtaryn aman alyp qaldy. Búl da naghyz pragmatizmning kórinisi!

N.Á.Nazarbaev KSRO ydyraghannan keyin Qazaqstan men Resey kәsiporyndary arasyndaghy óndiristik jәne ekonomikalyq baylanystardyng manyzdylyghyn jaqsy týsindi. Al sol tústa Resey, shyn mәninde, Qazaqstandy rubli aimaghynan iyterip tastady. Soghan baylanysty bizding el qarasha aiynda ózining últtyq valutasy – tengeni engizdi. Bizding Elbasy pragmatik retinde, 1992 jyly jәne 1993 jyldyng birinshi jartysynda arnayy memlekettik komissiyany qúpiya jaghdayda qúryp, últtyq valuta jasau men engizu júmystaryn jýrgizip, qarashada tez arada respublika territoriyasynda tengeni ainalymgha engizdi. Yaghni, biz Reseyding osy jaghymsyz әreketine dayyn boldyq degen sóz. Búl naghyz pragmatizmning kórinisi!

2050 Strategiyasynda Elbasy manyzdy mindet qoyyp, últtyq ekonomikanyng bet-jýzin qayta pishindeu, Qazaqstan ekonomikasyn shiykizattyq sipatynan dayyn ónim shygharu ekonomikasyna ainaldyruy mәselesin algha shyghardy. Osy maqsatta 2010 jyly bastalghan jәne besjyldyq indikativti josparlauda Qazaqstannyng kóshbasshylyghyn belgileytin ýdemeli industriyalandyru baghdarlamasy iske qosyldy. 2011 jyly osy baghdarlamany iske asyruda alghashqy jetistikterge qol jetkizildi: Qazaqstanda 152 kәsiporyn paydalanugha berildi, 24 myng adam túraqty júmyspen qamtyldy. Himiyalyq jәne jenil ónerkәsipti belsendi qalpyna keltiru jәne damytu prosesi bastaldy, auyl sharuashylyq ónimderin óndeude serpilis boldy. 2014 jylgha qaray jalpy qúny 8 trillion tengening 300-ge juyq investisiyalyq jobalary iske asyryldy, 160 myng túraqty júmys orny ashyldy, qúrylys kezeninde 200 mynnan astam adam júmysqa tartyldy. Alghashqy besjyldyqtyng negizgi nәtiyjesi Qazaqstan ekonomikasynda manyzdy qúrylymdyq ózgeristerding bastaluy boldy. 2011 jyldan beri industriyalandyru kýnderi jaqsy dәstýrge ainaldy, onda jylyna eki ret - shildede jәne jeltoqsanda - Qazaqstannyng industrialdy damu baghdarlamasynyng qorytyndy nәtiyjeleri shygharylyp otyrdy, ónirlerding jobalary men bayandamalary jalpyúlttyq telekópir formatynda úsynylyp, jana óndiris oryndar iske qosylyp jatty.

Idustriyalandyrudyng birinshi kýni - 9 jeltoqsan 2011 jyly – Astana qalasynda jolaushylar vagondaryn shygharatyn zauyt iske qosyldy, Almatyda metropoliyten júmysy bastaldy, Balqashta katod mys zauyty, Jambyl oblysynda densaulyq ónimderining «Super-Farm» , Almaty oblysynda «Bayserke Agro» et óndeu kesheni, «Shymkent-Kashemiyr» toqyma ónerkәsibining zauyty, sosyn Jetigen-Qorghas jәne Ózen - Týrkimenstan shekarasy temir joldary iske qosyldy, Sharyn ózenindegi Moynaq GES, Jambyl oblysynda Batys Europa - Batys Qytay tas jolynyng jobasy jasaldy. 2012 jyldyng 4 shildesinde Astana qalasynda jana media-ortalyghynda Industriyalandyru kartasynyng nysandary iske qosylghany turaly jana últtyq media kópiri ótti. Últtyq sandyq teleradio habarlaryn taratu jelisi men «24.kz» jana qazaqstandyq telearna iske qosyldy, olar otandyq janalyqtar telejobalaryna arnaldy. Ýdemeli industriyalyq-innovasiyalyq damu baghdarlamasynyng eki jarym jyl ishinde jalpy qúny 1,8 trln. tenge bolatyn 440-nan astam joba iske qosyldy.

Memleket basshysy ýdemeli industriyalandyru baghdarlamasy arqyly Qazaqstan ekonomikasyn shiykizatqa emes, әrtaraptandyrylghan ekonomikagha jәne damyghan adamy kapitalgha negizdelgen ósu ýlgisin - jana modelige kóshiruge úmtylady.

2015 jyldan bastap Qazaqstan bәsekelestikti damytu, memlekettik kәsiporyndardy jekeshelendiru, problemalyq bankterding mәselelerin sheshu, qarjylandyrugha qol jetkizu jәne t.b júmystardy jýieli jýrgizdi. Búl sharalar investisiyalyq belsendilikti kýrt arttyrugha jәne ShOB damytugha mýmkindik beredi. Ekinshi besjyldyqtyng josparynda óndeu ónerkәsibindegi enbek ónimdiligin yntalandyru, kórshi naryqtargha qayta óndeu ónimderin eksporttaudy yntalandyru jәne innovasiyalardy qoldaugha baghyttalghan belsendi sayasat basymdyqqa iye. Búl naghyz pragmatizmning kórinisi!

Tek 2015 jyly Qazaqstangha birneshe jana investor keldi. Mysaly, Finlyandiyanyng Tikkurily Almaty oblysyndaghy boyau men lak-fabrikasyn saldy. Japondyq Toyota Tsusho astyq pen kókónis ósiruge investisiya qúidy. Sonymen qatar, birneshe kompaniya ózderining jobalaryna qayta investisiya jasady. Fransuzdyq «Danone» sýt ónimderining jana týrlerin óndirudi jylyna 11 000 tonnagha deyin úlghaytugha qarajat saldy. Ontýstik Koreyanyng Lotte kompaniyasy - Shymkentte ekinshi óndiristi qúruda. Týrik BTM toby qúrylys industriyasynda jana ónimderdi óndiruge qayta investisiya qúidy. Sheteldik investorlar aqshany ghana emes, sonday-aq biznesti jýrgizuding ozyq әdisterin de, jana tehnologiyalardy da alyp keldi. Qazaqstan 2016 jyly Batys Europa - Batys Qytay avtomobili dәlizining negizgi segmentterinde júmysyn ayaqtap, ony tolyghymen ashty. «Astana-Temirtau», «Almaty-Qapshaghay» baghyttary boyynsha «Ortalyq-Shyghys» segmentinde uchaskeler iske qosylyp, Omby-Pavlodar uchaskesin qalpyna keltiru júmystary ayaqtaldy. Jalpy alghanda, qayta qúru 2,2 myng shaqyrym joldy qamtidy. Kelesi jyly qúrylys 1,6 myng kilometrde jýrgiziledi. Búryn aitqanday, Batys Europa - Batys Qytay (424 km), Beyneu - Aqtau (230 km), Astana - Temirtau (149 km), Almaty - Qapshaghay - Taldyqorghan (120 km) jәne Astana - Petropavl 51 km) jasaldy. Elding ýsh negizgi «porttary» damyp jatyr: Qúryq portynda parom kesheni, «Qorghas-Shyghys qaqpasy» EEA-daghy qúrghaq porty jәne saghatyna 750-den 1750 jolaushygha deyin kóteriletin astanalyq әuejay. 2019 jylgha deyin Gonkong, Tokio, Singapur, Niu-York baghyttarynda jana halyqaralyq jeliler birtindep ashylady. Búl Astanany әlemdik dengeydegi qarjy ortalyghy retinde qúru ýshin qajet. Búl da pragmatizmning kórinisi!

Qazaqstan BÚÚ-nyng túraqty emes mýshesi retinde, býkil dýniyejýzilik qoghamdastyqta yadrolyq qarusyz aimaqtardy qúru jәne bizding planetada sonday aimaqtardy odan sayyn kóbeytuge shaqyrady. Qazaqstan Ortalyq Aziyadaghy yadrolyq qarudan bas tartu turaly bastamasyn úsyndy. Búl gumanitarlyq jәne pasifistik bastamany Ortalyq Aziya aimaghyndaghy barlyq kórshilerimiz qoldady. Býgingi tanda Ortalyq Aziya Aymaghy (OAA) yadrolyq qaruy joq aimaq bolyp tabylady. Sonday-aq, BÚÚ shenberinde Qazaqstan býkil әlemde yadrolyq qarudyng tolyq joyyluyn qoldaydy.

Preziydentimizding «Tәuelsizdik dәuiri» atty enbeginde atap ótkendey: «Qazaqstannyng basty artyqshylyghy – jappay qyryp-joyatyn qaru-jaraqtyng mol qorynda emes, kerisinshe, ashyqtyqta, beybitshilikte, sanaly oi-sana men moralidyq bedelde ekenin biz o bastan jaqsy sezindik. Ol yadrolyq qarusyz memleketti jýzdegen, tipti myndaghan oqtúmsyghy bar memleketterden de qauqarly kýshke ainaldyra alatyn. Úzaq merzimdi últtyq qauipsizdikti nyghaytu ýshin qaterli qarudan bas tartudyng múnday sayasaty barlyq zamandarda da ózgelerge ýlgi bolugha tiyisti edi». (Nazarbaev N.Á. Tәuelsizdik dәuiri. - Astana, 2017. – 97 b.)

Sonymen, jas tәuelsiz, biraq qazirding ózinde tolyq qalyptasqan memleket - Qazaqstan Respublikasy BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesining túraqty emes mýshesi retinde Birikken Últtar Úiymy – eng yqpaly zor jәne bedeldi halyqaralyq úiymnyng júmysyna jәne songhy 2 jylda býkil әlemde beybitshilik pen túraqtylyq isine eleuli ýles qosty . Búl býkil dýnie jýzindegi halyqaralyq jәne yadrolyq qauipsizdikti nyghaytu isine ýlken tarihy ýlesi. Sondyqtan, әlemning 138 eli Qazaqstannyng BÚÚ-nyng Qauipsizdik Kenesine mýshe bolu kandidaturasyn qoldady. Al biz, qazaqstandyqtar, tughan elding beybitshilik sýigish jәne әlemning jahandyq saqtau isine qosqan ýlesine maqtanysh sezimmen qaraymyz jәne maqtanamyz! Búl da pragmatizmning kórinisi!

2000 jyldary Qazaqstan ShYÚ - bedeldi aimaqtyq úiym retinde qúrugha belsene atsalysty, onda úly euraziyalyq kenistikting - Qytay, Resey, Ortalyq Aziya memleketteri kýshteri men mýmkindikteri bir-birimen baylanystyryp, tendestirildi. Mәselen, tek 2004 - 2011 jj.  ShYÚ 500 terrorlyq әreketterdi beytaraptandyrdy.

Shanhay Yntymaqtastyq Úiymy «zúlymdyq ýsh kýshimen» (terrorizm, separatizm jәne ekstremizm) kýresti jәne tәueldilikti azaytu ýshin Jibek jolyn tóseudi bastap, birqatar mәseleler boyynsha ekonomikalyq kýsh-jigerin sәikestiruge osy jyldyng mausym aiynda Sindao Sammiytin ótkizdi. ShYÚ-nyng ekonomikalyq tiyimdilikting arqasynda býkil Aziya aimaghy ekonomikalyq ósu prosesine tap boldy. Nәtiyjesinde, ShYÚ jana kenenge dayyndaluda. Shanhay yntymaqtastyq úiymyna Ázerbayjan, Armeniya, Siriya, Kambodja, Bangladesh, Nepal, Shriy-Lanka baqylaushy statusqa ie boluyna tyrysady, al Mongholiya, Iran, Aughanstan, Belarusi memleketteri baqylaushy mәrtebesine ie bolghan. «ShYÚ-nyng dialogyndaghy seriktestik» mәrtebesine Týrkiya; Izraili, Ukraina, Egiypet, Katar, Malidivter niyet bildirgen edi. 2020 jyly deyin Chelyabinskide ShYÚ memleket basshylarynyng jәne BRIKS birikken sammiyti josparlanghan.

Ayta ketu kerek, Qazaqstannyng ShYÚ-gha mýshe retinde basty basymdyghy aimaqtyq jәne jahandyq qauipsizdikti nyghaytu bolyp tabylady. ShYÚ shenberindegi yntymaqtastyq Qazaqstangha birqatar dauly aumaqtyq mәselelerdi sheshuge mýmkindik berdi, al shekaralas aumaqtarda qaruly kýshterdi jýieli jәne ashyq týrde qysqartu әskery jәne sayasy shiyelenisting qalghan elementterin toqtatty.

Qazaqstan ýshin ShYÚ-men ózara is-qimyl geosayasy jәne strategiyalyq josparlarda bizding elimizge belgili bir tabystar әkeldi. ShYÚ qyzmeti Qytaydyng aimaqtyq ózara is-qimyl qúrylymyna kiriguine yqpal etti, osylaysha Qazaqstan Qytaymen birqatar strategiyalyq kelisimderge qol qoi arqyly qauipsizdik kepildigin aldy, sonyng ishinde yadrolyq qarudy qoldanbaudy qamtamasyz etti. Eki ónirlik derjavalardyng (Qytay men Resey) ShYÚ-daghy qatysuy, eng aldymen, sauda-ekonomikalyq jәne әskeriy-sayasy salalarda olardyng mýddeleri men yqpaldastyghyn obektivti týrde ýilestiredi.

ShYÚ ayasyndaghy Qazaqstan búdan da asqaq maqsattar qoyyp otyr: ol uaqyt óte kele jetekshilik etuge úmtylady. Búl ambisiyalar respublika syrtqy jәne ishki, eng aldymen ekonomikalyq, sayasatta ózining jetistikterin qoldaydy. Ayta ketu kerek, Qazaqstan Ýkimeti jýrgizip otyrghan әleumettik-ekonomikalyq reforma salasyndaghy qúzyretti sayasatkerler respublikanyng búrynghy kenestik memleketter arasynda ekonomikalyq ósimning kóshbasshysy boluyna mýmkindik berdi. Birneshe jyl búryn AQSh Kongresi men Europa Kenesi siyaqty yqpaldy instituttar Qazaqstandy naryqtyq ekonomika bar el dep tanydy jәne jetekshi halyqaralyq reyting agenttikteri elge halyqaralyq investisiyalyq reyting berdi. Búl faktiler ekonomikalyq reformalardyng barysy ózdiginen aqtalghanyn kórsetedi. Búl da pragmatizmning kórinisi!

Sonymen, Elbasynyng pragmatikalyq sayasaty arqasynda Qazaqstan Respublikasy dýniyejýzilik qoghamdastyqta abyroyly oryn tauyp, әri qaray jan-jaqty damuyna ýlken qadamdar jasap jatyr!

Kerimsal Júbatqanov, Qazaq-Orys Halyqaralyq Uniyversiytetining «Ruhany janghyru» ghylymiy-zertteu ortalyghynyng jetekshisi

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