Elbasynyng maqalasy jayly
"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetinde Elbasynyng "Úly dalanyng jeti qyry" dep atalghan maqalasy jariyalanyp, ziyaly qauym ókilderi pikirlerin bildirude. Ásirese jaghympaz sheneunikter men parlament pen senat deputattary oza shauyp: Úly daladan "atqa minu mәdeniyeti men jylqy sharuashylyghy býkil dýniyejýzine taralghany, onda ejelgi metallurgiya kenishteri bolghany jayly jarysa jazuda. Preziydent maqalasyn zeyin sala oqyp shyghyp, onda alyp bara jatqan janalyq joq ekenine kózim jetti. Oqyrmandardyng nazaryn úsynylghan jeti qyrdyng bәri búrynnan belgili, talay aitylghan jәne jazylghan. Birinshi qyrdyng ne sebepti "at minu mәdeniyeti" dep atalghanyn týsinbedim, maqala oryssha jazylyp, maghynasy dúrys audarylmady ma? degendey oigha keldim. Jurnalist Ádilbek Qaba Úly dalada órkeniyet bastaluy jayly bylay dep jazghan eken: "Jayau edi, damuy bayau edi. Atty ýiretip mindi , qústay úshty. Jylqy dala halqynyng jan serigi, minse kóligi, qarny ashsa- as, shóldese - susyn , tonsa kiyimi boldy. Atyng barda el tany , Úly dala úrpaghy Attila Gresiya men Evropagha deyin atpen barypty. Jylqyny alghash Qambar ata baghypty".
Jylqy jayly bir estelikke toqtala ketkendi jón kórdim. Almaty oblysy Kegen audanynyng tumasymyn. Múhtar Áuezovtyng "Qily zaman" romanyndagha 1916 jyly Alban kóterilisi ótken "Qarqara" jaylauyn jaqsy bilemin. Kúnbatysyna qaray " Mynjylqy" Qyrghyzdyng Týp audanymen shektesip jatyr. Qazaq jer atyn beker qoymaghan, kezinde Teriskey Alataudyng baurayyndaghy shóbi shýigin beluardan keletin Qarkara men Mynjylqy jaylaulary jaz ailarynda jýzdegen otar qoylar men ýiir ýiir jylqylargha jayylym boldy. Úly Otan Soghysy jyldary atty әskerdi qamtamasyz etu maqsatynda qúrylghan 40-konezauyt dep atalatyn kenshardyng myngha juyq ýiir ýiir jylqylary osy jaylaularda jayylushy edi. Ár ýiir renine qaray súryptalghan 20-25 biyeden túrady, aqboz, kýren, tory, jiyren, shymqay qara, jәne t.s.s. Olardy aighyrlar shashau shygharmaytyn, kisinep, bóten jylqyny manyna jolatpaytyn. Jylqy zauytynan neshe týrli sәigýlikter shyqqan, "Shalqúiryq" dep atalghan ayghyr jarysta ylghy birinshi oryn alatyn. Naghashym kóp jyldar boyy "Týietory" degen at mindi. Shoqtyghy biyik, túrqy úzyn, jaly qalyn, shashaqtalghan qúiryghy jerge týsetin. Jazda salt minip, qysta kóbinese eki-ýsh adam otyratyn jenil shanagha shegetin. Januardyng sar jelisine jay attar shauyp әreng ilesetin. 50-jyldardyng sonyna qaray KSRO memleketining basshysy N.S. Hrushev maldy arnayy qorshaularda ústaymyz nemese tehnikamen baghamyz, jylqynyng endi qajeti joq dep aitqan bolu kerek. Jergilikti jandayshaptar qyrkýiekting basynda "Konezauyt" jylqylaryn ýiir-ýiirimen qamap, mәshiynege tiyep Almatydaghy et kombinatyna ótkizdi. "Shash al dese bas alugha" dayyn túratyn pysyqaylardyng kesirinen qanshama maldyng asyl túqymy joghaldy. Osynday jaghday 90- jyldary jappay jekeshelendiru kezinde qaytalandy,Tauly jerge beyimdelgen arhar -merinos qoyy men iri qaramaldyng "Golovey" túqymyn qúrttyq.
Auylsharuashylyq salasynyng mamany bolghandyqtan Qazaqstan alma men qyzghaldaqtyng otany ekeni jayly jazylghan jetinshi qyrgha biraz toqtala ketkendi jón kórdim. Búl jayly da talay aitylyp, jazylyp keledi. Mәselen, Aqsu- Jabaghly tabighy qoryghynda qyzghaldaqtyng 30-dan asa týri kezdesedi eken. Solar Gollandiya (Niyderlandy) ghalymdary shygharghan mәdeny qyzghaldaqtyng ata tegi bolghany da ras shyghar jәne paydalanylyp kele jatqan bolu kerek. Osydan bes-alty jylday búryn shygharylghan jana sort Elbasy atymen atalghan. Biz bolsaq otyrghyzugha arnalghan qyzghaldaq piyazshyqtaryn shetelden tasymaldaudamyz.70-80 jyldary Almaty manynda ondaghan gektar jerde neshe týrli gýlder ósirip, ishinde qyzghaldaqta bar, orlardyng túqym sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn, jyldyq tabysy birneshe million somgha jetetin "Gýlder" dep atalghan sharuashylyq bolghan. Jekeshelendiruding bastapqy jyldary aq onyng týbine jettik .
Almagha kelsek Ile men Teriskey Alatauynyng bókterlerinde jabayy alma jәne basqa da jemis aghashtary men jiydek bútalalarynyng neshe týri ósedi. Kezinde Reseyding Tombov guberniyasynan qonys audarghan baghban әkelgen tikpe kóshetterin jabayy «Siyvers» almasyna telip, býkil әlemge әigili Almaty aportyn shygharghan. Búl sortqa Ile Alatauynyng tau bókterinde ornalasqan aua rayy qonyrjay, topyraghy qúnarly jer qolayly. Egemendik alghannan keyin ne boldy? Jemis berip túrghan baqtardy qoparyp biyik dualdarmen qorshalghan eki- ýsh qabatty ýiler men qamaldar saldyq. Sonymen astanany bylay qoyghanda, almany Almatygha Iran men Qytaydan, Polishadan tasydyq 2013 jyly .import kólemi 129 myng tonna bolsa, eksport 89 myng tonna bolypty. Áriyne, Almaty aporty týp tamyrymen joghalyp ketken joq,: satyp otyrghandardan súrasang osydan 40-50 jylday búryn otyrghyzylghan baqtardan jinalghanyn aitady. Ókinishke oray Aport almasyn ósiruge qolayly shyghysta Esikten bastap, batysta Úzynaghashqa deyingi Ile Alatauynyng bókterindegi jer bos emes, ýy salynghan. Jonghar Alatauynda Sarqand pen Taldyqorghan ainalasynda әlde de qolayly jerler 2lde de bolu kerek. Alma jәne basqa jemis daqyldaryn ósiruge mamandanghan, olardyn tikpe kóshetterin dayyndaumen ainalysatyn Jandosov atyndaghy jәne t.b. sharuashylyqtardy jekeshelendirip, qúrdymgha jibergenbiz. Songhy jyldary kóp kýttirmey ónim beretin ( 3-4 jylda) , týsimdiligi joghary jana alma baqtary otyrghyzyluda, biraq ta kóshetter kóbinese shetelderden әkelinude. Olarmen birge jemis aghashtarynyng bakteriyaly kýiigi dep atalatyn karantindi nysan sanalatyn asa qaterli aurudy tarattyq.
Elbasynyng «Úly dalanyng jeti qyry» maqalasy jayly «Qazaq ýn»i men «Abay KZ» portaldarynda jariyalanghan materialdardy oqy otyryp, Euraziya shygharmashylyq gilidasynyng mýshesi Oralbek Botbaydyn pikirine nazar audardym. Professor kóbinese kәsipkerlikpen ainalysatynyna toqtala kele oiyn: «Eng bastysy biz kim ekenimizdi bildik» dep týiindepti. Ghylymy ataghy bar ziyaly adam osylay dese, Preziydent maqalasynda kóterilgen mәseleler jayly qarapayym halyq, әsirese bizding bolashaghymyz jastar ne biledi degen oigha kelip osy maqalany jazugha bel bayladym.
Qazaq handyghynyng tarihy terennen - onbesinshi ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynan Jәnibek pen Kereyden bastalady, demek bes jýz jyldan asady. Onaltynshy jәne onjetinshi ghasyrlarda onyng shekarasy úlghaya týsken, Qasym hannyng kezinde ortalyghy Úlytau bolyp Jetisu,Talas, Shu, Qaratal, Ile ólkelerin qamtyghan. Reseymen qatar, Orta Aziya elderimen qaram qatynas jasaghan. Tәuke han qaytys bolghannan keyin qazaq handyghy ýsh jýzge oqshaulana bastaydy. Osyny paydalanghan oirat jasaqtary onjetinshi ghasyrdyn ortasyna qaray el aumaghyna basyp kiredi. Orbúlaq shayqasynda qazaq jasaqtary sarbazdarymen Samarqandtan kómekke kelgen Jalantós bahadur әskerining kómegimen on mynnan asa jau әskerin jengenmen, oirattargha tolyqtay toytarys bere almaydy. Jongharlardyng joyqyn shabuylynan jýz mynnan astam qazaq sarbazdary qaza tabady, beybit halyqtyng әr onynyng tórteui qyrylady,tiri qalghandary tughan jerin tastap, jan saughalap toz-toz bolady. Tarihta búl - «Alqakól Aqtaban shúbyryndy» degen atpen belgili.1710 jyly jongharlar qazaq jerine qaytadan basyp kirip, biraz uaqyt ýstemdik jýrgizedi. 1728 jyly Ábilqayyr han bastaghan kishijýz jasaqtary olargha jaqsy soqqy beredi. 1730 jyly Abylay hannyng basshylyghymen Anyraqayda (Balqash kólining many) Qabanbay, Bógenbay, Nauryzbay, Rayymbek, Qarasay, Malaysary jәne t.b. batyrlar bastaghan jasaqtar qalmaqtardy oisyrata jenip, júrtymyzdy azat etti. Búl jeniske Tólebi, Qazbekbi, Aytekeby danalarymyz ýsh jýzge bólingen júrtymyzdy birlikke shaqyryp óz ýlesterin qosqan.
Elin jaudan azat etken batyrlarymen qatar, Úly daladan qazaq halqynyng danqyn býkil әlemge pash etken ónerpazdar da shyqqan. Mәselen, Qúrmanghazy, Dәuletkerey, Tәtimbet jәne t.b. qos ishekting keng dalamyzdy terbetip dýbirletken, Qorqyt ata men Yhlastyng qobyzdy oryndalatyn zarly kýileri. Birjan men Sara, Jayau Músa, Baluan Sholaqtyn úrpaqtan úrpaqqa úmytylmas әnderi qaldy. 30 jasynda qaytys bolghan Shoqan Ualihanov ýlken ghalym retinde tanylyp, Qashghariya saparynan keyin orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng mýshesine saylandy.Ol halyq auzynan «Bayansúlu men Qozykórpesh» , qyrghyzdyng Manas eposyn jinap jazba núsqalaryn qaldyrdy. Ybyray Altynsarin aghartushylyqpen aynalysyp, mektepter ashty, qaranghy halqymyzdyng sauatyn ashugha, bilim beruge tyrysty, etnograf, jazushy jәne ýlken qogham qayratkeri retinde tarihta qaldy. Onyn: «Kel balalar oqylyq, oqyghandy kónilge yqlaspen toqylyq» degen óleng joldary eki ghasyrgha juyq qaytalanuda. 28 jasynda dýniyeden ozghan Súltanmahmút Torayghyrov aghartushylyqpen ainalysa jýrip, «Qamar súlu», «Kim jazyqty romandarymen qatar, «Adasqan ómir» poemasy jәne kóptegen ólender jazdy. Ámire Qashaubaev halyq әnderin naqyshyna keltire qúiqyljyta oryndap 1925 jyly Fransiyada ótken dýniyejýzilik sәn óneri jarysynda ekinshi, 1927 Germaniyada birinshi oryndy iyelendi.
Ádebiyetimiz ben ónerimiz, mәdeniyetimizding damuyna orys ziyalylary әser etkenin joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy. Shoqan Ualihanovtyng dýniyetanymynyng keneyip ghalym retinde qalyptasuyna Semenov -Tyanshanskiy, I.I. Berdiyn, G.N. Potaniyn, F. I. Dostoevskiy, al Abay Qúnanbaevqa - E.P. Mihaeliys, N.I. Dolgopolov jәne t.b. tәlim -tәrbie aldy. Ótken ghasyrdyng 20-30 jyldary myng qazaq әnderi men kýilerin jiyp, notagha týsirgen Aleksandr Zateevich boldy. Úly Otan Soghysy jyldary Leningrad pen Mәskeu teatrlarynyng Almatygha kóshirilui óner salalarynyn damuyna biraz әserin tiygizdi. Evgeniy Brusilovskiy Múqan Tólebaevpen birlese «Qyz jibek» operasyn jazyp, sahnalady, keyinirek «Ertarghyn» men «Jalbyr» operalary qoyyldy. Balet óneri qolgha alynyp, Shara Jiyenqúlova, N. Tapalova jәne basqalar ónerin shyndady, «Qalqaman Mamyr» baleti qoyyldy. Qazaq búlbúly atanghan Kýlәsh Bayseytova KSRO halyq әrtisi ataghyn jәne eki dýrkin memlekettik syilyq aldy. Jazushylarymyz Múhtar Áuezov, Sәbit Múqanov, Ghabit Mýsrepov , Ghabiyden Mústafiyn, Jambyl Jabaev jәne t.b. shygharmalary ana tilimizben qatar orys tilinde jaryq kórdi, Shәken Aymanov «Bizding sýiikti dәriger» «Aldarkóse», «Atamannyng aqyry» siyaqty tarihi kinolentalaryn týsirip kórermenderding alghysyna bólendi. Kompozitor Ahmet Júbanov qazaq halqynyn kәsiby muzykasynyng negizin qalady. L. Hamidiymen birlese ol Abay oprerasynyng muzykasyn jazdy. Mәkәlim Qoyshybaev últ aspaptary orkesterimen oryndalatyn simfoniyalar men poemapar jazdy.
50-jyldardan bastap әdebiyet pen ónerimiz, mәdeniyetimiz, ghylym salalary qaryshtap damyghanyn qalay úmytugha bolady. 1946 jyly Qazaqstan respublikasynyng Últtyq akademiyasy úiymdastyrylyp, onyng birinshi preziydenti Qanysh Sәtbaev boldy, keyinirek ghalym KSRO akademiyasynyng tolyq mýshesine saylandy, elimizding jer astyndaghy tabighy baylyqtaryn tereng zerttep, iri óndiris ortalyghyna ainaluyna ýlesin qosty. Qazaqstan magnitkasy, Balhash pen Jezqazghannyng mysy, Qaraghandynyng kómiri respublikamyzdyng maqtanyshyna ainaldy. 50- jyldar tyng jerler iygerilip, en dalada qanshama kenshar ortalyqtary boy kóterdi, brigadalargha deyin asfalit joldar salyndy. Shortandyda Býkilodaqtyq astyq sharuashylyghy ghylymy zertteu instituty ashyldy, Edil jaghalauy men Ontýstik Oral, Batys Sibir men Altay aimaqtary ýshin egin sharuashylyghynyn, әsirese topyraqty jel eroziyasynynan qorghaudyn ghylymy negizi qalandy. Birneshe ret Otan qoymasyna Qazaqstan milliardy qúiyldy, sapasy joghary biday ónimderimen Orta Aziya jәne Baltyq jaghalauyndaghy elder qamtamasyz etildi. Egin sharuashylyghynyng iygiligin egemen elimiz býgin de kórip otyr, negizgi astyqty ólke soltýstik ónirden jyl sayyn jeti-on mln tonna astyq eksportqa shygharyluda, búl kórsetkishti eki eseleuge tolyq mýmkindik bar. Songhy jyldar egin sharuashylyghy әr taraptandyrylyp mayly daqyldardyng egis kólemi artuda, dihandar kýnbaghys, raps pen zyghyr maylaryn jaqyn jәne alys sheteldergeeksporttauda.
60-80 jyldary D. A. Qonaevtyng basqaruymen Qazaqstan óndirisi men auylsharuashylyghy damyghan respublikagha ainaldy. Pavlodar traktor jәne aluminiy zauyttary, Ekibastúz kómir basseyni, Almatyda myndaghan júmysshylar, әsirese qazaq qyzdary isteytin maqta-mata kombinaty jәne t.b. iske qosyldy. Óndiris nysandary shoghyrlanghan iri qalalardy et pen sýt ónimderimen qamtamasyz etetin qaramal keshenderi men qús fabrikalary salyndy. Qoy sanyn 35-40 milliongha jetkizdik, mamandanghan sharuashylyqtarda 500-600 adam júmys istedi, tek jýnnen týsken payda olardyng barlyq shyghynyn jabatyn. Jastargha orta mektep bitiru mindetti, jogharghy bilim alu, dәrigerlik kómek pen túrghyn ýy alu tegin boldy. Enbekke jaraytyn barlyq adamdar júmysqa tartyldy, erteng júmyssyz qalam, qalay kýn kórem dep sary uayymgha salynu bolghan joq. Ádebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimiz damydy. Óz ónerlerimen Ermek Serkebaev, Biybigýl Tólegenova, Asanәli Áshimov býkil elimizge tanymal boldy, KSRO halyq әrtisi ataqtaryn aldy. Iliyas Esenberliyn, Ánuar Álimjanov, Hamza Esenjanov, Bauyrjan Momyshúly, Rollan Seysenbaev, Qabdosh Júmadilov, Oralhan Bókey, Sherhan Múrtaza tarihy romandaryn, Oljas Sýleymenov, Múqaghaly Maqataev, Kenen Ázerbaev, Túmanbay Moldaghaliyev, Fariza Ongharsynova, Múhtar Shahanov, Kәkimbek Salyqov jәne t.b. ólenderi men dastandaryn jazdy. Jazushylarymyzdyng shygharmalary ondaghan myng tirajben baspadan shyghyp, kitap dýkenderinde siresip túratyn. Shәken Aymanovtyn: «Bizding sýiikti dәriger», «Aldarkóse», «Atamannyng aqyry», Súltanahmet Qojyqovtyng - «Qyzjibek», Abdolla Qarsaqbaevtyng - «Mening atym Qoja» jәne t.b. kinofilimder kópshilik kórermenderding kónilinen shyghyp, joghary baghalandy. Olardyng birazynyng muzykasyn, ýlken daryn iyesi belgili kompozitor Núrqisa Tilendiyev jazdy. Shamshy Qaldayaqov, Áset Beyseuov, Ábilahat Espaev jәne t.b. kompozitorlarymyz әnderin shyghardy Jazyqsyz qudalanghan Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Sәken Seyfulliyn, Iliyas Jansýgirov, Maghjan Júmabaev, Jýsipbek Aymauytov, Shәkәrim Qúdayberdi jәne t.b. әdebiyet tarlandarynyng shygharmalarymen halqymyz qayta qauyshty.
Elbasynyng «Úly dalanyng jeti qyry» maqalasy tarihymyzdy, últtyq bolmysymyzdy janjaqty zertteu ýshin keshendi baghdarlama jasaugha týrtki bolyp otyrghany, turizmdi damytatyny jәne t.b sharalardy iske asyrugha kómektesetine kýmәn keltirmeymin. Ókinishke oray, eki-ýsh jylda bir auysyp túratyn Bilim jәne ghylym ministri bilim beru jýiesin reformalaudan kóz ashpady. Orta bilim beru baghdarlamasynyng jii ózgerui, bilim dәrejesin ÚBT arqyly saraptau oqushylardyng tereng jәne janjaqty bilim aluyna kedergi jasap otyr, oilanu qabiletin óristetpey, jattandylyqqa ýiretedi. Songhy jyldary qolgha alynyp otyrghan ýshtildilik sayasat: birinshi synyptan, tipten bala baqshasyna bastap ana tilmen qatar, aghylshyn jәne orys tilderin qosa ýiretu, jogharghy synyptarda informatika jәne tabighat tanu pәnderin aghylshyn tilinde jýrgizu saldarynan keleshek úrpaq bay әdebiyetimiz ben tarihymyzda oqyp biluge uaqyty bolmay, mәngýrt bolyp óseme degen qauip qater bar.
Qazaqstan shekarasy tek egemendik alghannan keyin ghana belgilendi, búryn bolmaghan degen jansaq pikirden aulaq boluymyz kerek. Ol osydan 100 jylday búryn, Qazaq avtonomiyaly respublikasynyng jer aumaghy belgilengen kezde anyqtalghan Ókinishke oray, batys pen teriskeydegi biraz mekenimiz Resey territoriyasyna, ontýstiktegi Ózbekstangha kirgen. Sondyqtan da úly kýishimiz Qúrmanghazynyng kesenesi Astrahan oblysynda, Esimhan kezinde qabyldanghan túnghysh zang - jeti jarghy avtorynyng biri - sóz zergeri, Tólebiydiki Tashkentting ortasynda qalyp otyr. N.S. Hrushev biylik qúryp túrghan kezde Bostandyq, Kirov, Maqtaaral, Jetisay audandarynyng biraz aumaghy kórshimizge berilgen, keyin ol tolyqtay qaytarylmady. Endigi basty maqsat egemendik alghannan keyin zandastyrylghan jer aumaghymyzdy kelesi úrpaqqa saqtap qalu. Jer Astyndaghy baylyghy talan-taraj gha týsip sarqylghanmen, ýstindegi baylyq әlde de birneshe úrpaqtyng kәdesine jarar dep oilaymyn. Biylikte otyrghan bir adamdy dәriptey bermey, aqparat kózderi arqyly bay tarihymyz ben әdebiyetimizdi jәne ónerimizdi keninen nasihattau kerek. Biraq ta kópshilikke Bayan Esentaevanyn (Alagózova) asylymyzdy, jibek dýniyemizdi jýn-júrqa etken «Kýlәsh» jәne «Bayan Súlu» siyaqty kórkemdik dәrejesi tómen, tarihy shyndyqpen ýilespeytin ýstirtin týsirilgen filimderding qajeti shamaly.
Múrat Qoyshybaev
auylsharuashylyq ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor
Abai.kz