Ruhany janghyrudy bastaghan "Ádilet" qoghamy bolatyn
8 sәuir – «Ádilettin» tughan kýni
Tәuelsiz elimizding tuyn biyik ústaytyn azamattargha shyn mәnindegi ruhany janghyrudy bastan keshu lәzim. Kommunistik jyldar bekem qalyptastyrghan qoghamdyq sana janaru ýderisin ótkerip, jana satygha kóteriluge tiyis. Búghan әrkimning ózin-ózi tarihpen, әsirese tarihtyng kóp jyldar boyy jabyq bop kelgen qasiretti betterin bilu arqyly tәrbiyeleui pәrmendi әserin tiygizedi. Osy rette búdan otyz jyl ilgeride shanyraq kótergen Qazaqstannyng «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy qyzmetine nazar audarghan jón.
QazTAQ «Ádilet» – Qazaqstanda HH ghasyrda oryn alghan sayasy qughyn-sýrginder men asharshylyqtar aqiqatyn ashudy, totalitarlyq rejim qúrbandaryn mәngi este qaldyrudy, totalitarlyq biylik jasaghan әdiletsizdikterdi әshkerelep, jazyqsyz jazalanghandardy tolyq mәninde reabilitasiyalaugha jәrdemdesudi, taptalghan adam qúqtaryn qalpyna keltiru isterine atsalysudy jәne sol kezender jayyndaghy tarihy bilimdi keninen nasihattaudy sovet dәuirinde-aq maqsat etken túnghysh respublikalyq qoghamdyq úiym. Ol biyleushi partiya jariya etip, totalitarizmning kóbesin sóguge púrsat bergen qayta qúru dәuirinde dýniyege kelgen respublikadaghy ýkimettik emes úiymdardyng alghashqy qarlyghashy edi.
Eki qúrlyqqa jayylghan úlan-ghayyr kenistiktegi Sovettik Respublikalar Odaghyn qúraghan «tәuelsiz memleket-respublikalardyn» bәrin shengeldep uysynda ústaghan Kommunistik partiyanyng Ortalyq Komiyteti 1985 jyly jer-jahangha jariyalylyq sayasatyn әigi etken edi. Biraq kelesi jyly-aq ózining sol jasampaz jariyalylyq sayasatyna qighash әreket jasaghan. Yaghny Qazaqstan júrtshylyghynyng pikirin biludi artyq kórip, respublikany basqarugha syrttan óz qalaghanyn bastyq qyp jibergen. Sosyn odan da asyp, sol beymәlim emissaryn jiberu sebebin týsindirudi talap etken qazaq jastarynyng beybit demonstrasiyasyna әskery kýsh qoldanumen jauap bergen.
Sonyng saldarynan jastar sherui ashyq narazylyqqa, qaruly jazalaushylar men juasytushylargha tabandy qarsylyq kórsetuge, ortalyq alangha órshelene úmtylghan sayasy kóteriliske úlasyp, 1986 jylghy 17–18 jeltoqsanda dóreki kýshpen basyp-janshylghan. Sodan totalitarizm tony Qazaqstanda qayta qataygha bet alghan edi, alayda jariyalylyq jengen sovettik ortalyqtan tegeuirindey esken demokratiya jeli nәtiyjesinde birtindep jibuge mәjbýr boldy.
KSRO-nyng biyleushi partiyasy (SOKP) jariya etken qayta qúru sayasatynyng arqasynda 1987 jyly Mәskeude 30-shy jyldarghy repressiyalar qúrbandaryn mәngi este saqtaudy kózdegen bastamashy top qúrylyp, «Memorial» qozghalysy bastau alghan-dy. Osy qozghalys iydeyasy ruhtandyrghan almatylyq ziyaly qauymnyng (ghylym, әdebiyet, óner, kiynematografiya, jurnalistika qyzmetkerlerinin) bir top ókili Almatyda bas qosyp, stalinizm dәuirlep túrghan jyldary sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghandar men qúrbandardyng qalada túratyn úrpaqtaryn mәslihattasu ýshin jinaugha sheshim qabyldady.
Úzamay búl mәselege beytarap qaramaytyndardyng jalpy jinalysy ótkizilip, qozghalystyng bolashaq úiymdyq qúrylymyn, jarghysynyng jobasyn әzirleumen shúghyldanatyn úiymdastyru komiyteti saylandy. Búl 1988 jyl edi. Qúramynda 17 mýshesi bar osy komiytetting tóraghasy B.I. Ghabitov-Jansýgirov, orynbasarlary E.F. Ayriyh, M.K. Baydildaev, V.I. Snitkovskiy boldy. Dayyndyq komiyteti óz otyrystarynda atqarylmaq júmystardyng mәn-mazmúnyn aiqyndady. Qazaqstan jaghdayynda tek qana sayasy qughyn-sýrginderding ghana emes, sonday-aq 30-shy jyldardyng taghy bir qasireti – totalitarizm dәuirinde ashyq aitugha mýldem tyiym salynghan asharshylyqtar shyndyghyn ashudyng da manyzdy bolmaghy atap aityldy. Stalinizm zamanynyng ekpinimen sol uaqytqa deyin jabyq taqyryp bolyp kelgen osy búrmalaulardyng aqiqatyn ashu, sayasy repressiya qúrbandaryn aqtaugha atsalysyp, olardyng adal esimderin qoghamdyq ómirge qaytarumen shúghyldanu qajettigi jәne oghan qol jetkizu joldary taldandy, qorytylyp, týiindeldi. Osynday maqsat ústanatyn qozghalysty jer-jerde óristetu mәselelerin qarastyrdy. Aymaqtardaghy qoldaushylardy anyqtau, olardy algha qoyghan maqsatty jýzege asyrushylar qataryna úiystyryp, bolashaqta qúryltayshy jinalys ótkizu sharalaryn jýieli týrde jýrgizu kózdelip, praktikalyq júmystar jýrgizildi.
1989 jylghy 28–30 qantarda Mәskeude ótken Býkilodaqtyq erikti tarihi-aghartu «Memorial» qoghamynyng qúryltayshy konferensiyasyna qazaqstandyq qozghalystyng on shaqty ókili (S. Jandosov, M. Baydildaev, S. Aytmambetova, V. Snitkovskiy, A. Tasymbekov, t.b.) delegat retinde qatysyp qaytty. Sol jylghy 8 sәuirde qazaqstandyq qozghalystyng Almatyda ótken qúryltayshy konferensiyasynda Qazaq respublikalyq erikti tarihi-aghartu «Ádilet» qoghamy shanyraq kóterdi.
Qúryltayshy konferensiyada Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng korrespondent-mýshesi, GhA Qoghamdyq ghylymdar bólimshesining akademiyk-hatshysy R.B. Sýleymenov «Áleumettik әdilettilikti jәne stalindik repressiyalar qúrbandarynyng ayaqqa taptalghan ar-namysyn qalpyna keltireyik» taqyrybymen bayandama jasady. Bayandamany konferensiyada sóilegen delegattar (stalindik lageriler azabyn basynan ótkergender, ardagerler, tarihshylar, jurnalister, jazushylar, partiya qyzmetkerleri) әr qyrynan terendete kelip, qúrylghaly túrghan úiymnyng algha qoyatyn maqsaty – KSRO halyqtarynyng tarihyndaghy «aqtandaqtardy» jon, sosializm iydeyalary búrmalanghan kezende bizding respublikada zardap shekkenderding adal esimderin qalpyna keltiru, demokratiya men jariyalylyqty odan әri ornyqtyrugha júrtshylyqtyng kýsh-jigerin júmyldyru bolugha tiyistigin atap kórsetti. El tarihynda jol berilgen deformasiyalardy ashyq atap aityp, olardy týzeudi batyl qolgha alu biyleushi partiyagha tek abyroy әperetini janasha oilau bolashaghyna degen senimmen, rizashylyqpen aityldy.
Qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysy ómirge әkelgen Alash-Orda qayratkerlerin QKSR Jogharghy sotynyng 1988 jylghy 4 qarashada aqtauy, QKP Ortalyq Komiyteti qúrghan arnayy komissiyanyng últ tarihynda erekshe orny bar tórt túlghany (Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiyev, Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Maghjan Júmabaev, Jýsipbek Aymauytovty) stalindik búrmalaulardan tazalap, tolyq aqtauy, esimderin, enbekterin, shygharmashylyq múralaryn halyqqa, qoghamgha, ruhany ómirge qaytarulary (reabilitasiyalauy) halyq arasynda ýlken serpilis tughyzdy. Shanyraq kótergeli otyrghan qogham keleshekte osynday júmystardyng tolastamauyna septesetin bolady. Qoghamgha mýshe bolghan әrkim túrghan jerlerinde oryn alghan zansyz jazalaular, jalpy, әr kezgi stalinizm qúrbandyqtary jayynda material jinastyrugha tiyis. Delegattardyng aituynsha, búl tarapta biraz júmys qolgha alynghan, degenmen, qasiretti kezenderdi este qaldyratynday zerde kitabyn jasau ýshin jýieli týrde kóp is tyndyru kerek.
Birinshi kezekte otyryqshylandyru men újymdastyru nauqandary kezindegi qayghyly asyra silteuler men demokratiyany búrmalaudyng qasiretti shynyrauy bolghan 30-shy jyldarghy alapat ashtyq shyndyqtary jónindegi derekter, estelikter, sayasy repressiyagha úshyraghandar turaly mәlimetter izdestirip, jinastyru jón. Asharshylyq jyldary Qazaqstanda 2 millionnan astam adam ashtan opat boldy, tolyq emes maghlúmattar boyynsha 70 mynday kisige (qazirgi tandaghy derek boyynsha 120 myng jan repressiyalandy, onyng 25 myny atyldy dep sanalady) jazyqsyz repressiyalyq sharalar qoldanyldy, elding batys jәne shyghys ónirlerin mekendeytin keybir halyqtar (soghysqa deyin Qiyr Shyghystaghy koreyler, soghys kezinde Edil boyyndaghy nemister, Qyrym tatarlary, sheshender, kýrdiler, ingushter, basqa da kavkazdyqtar) stalindik qatygez jazalaulargha úshyrap, tútastay qazaq jerine kóshirildi. Azamattyq qúqtary ayaqqa taptalghan osy halyqtardyng bastan keshken qiyn jaghdaylary jayynda este saqtalghan әngimeler men týrli qújattardy jinau lәzim. Óndiris oshaqtarynda úiymdastyrylghan enbek armiyasy (trudarmiya) jónindegi shyndyq ashylugha tiyis, sonda jiberilgen adamdardyng estelikterin jazyp alu qajet. Múnyng bәri qogham júmysyna qalyng búqara atsalysqan jaghdayda ghana mýmkin bolmaq.
Osynday oilaryn qoryta kele, qúryltayshy konferensiya delegattary tarihy әdilettilikti qalpyna keltirudi, sol orayda asa manyzdy tarihi-aghartushylyq júmystar jýrgizudi kózdeytin respublikalyq erikti «Ádilet» qoghamynyng dýniyege kelgenin jariyalady. Qoghamnyng jaryssóz barysynda pysyqtalghan jarghysyn qabyldady. Jarghyda qogham ózining tarihi-aghartushylyq sipatyna sәikes, aldyna stalinizm jónindegi, otyzynshy jyldarghy alapat asharshylyq jayyndaghy tarihy shyndyqty ashyp, qalpyna keltirudi maqsat etedi, totalitarlyq rejim qúrbandarynyng esimderin mәngi este qaldyru, olardy tolyq mәninde aqtaugha, aqtalghandar men olardyng otbastary mýshelerining mýddeleri barlyq memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq úiymdarda qorghaluy ýshin jan-jaqty qúqyqtyq qorghau sharalaryn jasaugha jәrdemdesudi mindet etip qoyady dep atap kórsetildi.
Zansyzdyqtar beleng alghan qorqynyshty jyldary Qazaqstan konsentrasiyalyq lageriler shoghyrlanghan elge, deportasiyalanghan halyqtardyng jer audarylu ornyna ainaldy. (QKSR aumaghynda 11 konslageri qúryldy: ALJIYR, Karlag, Daliniy, Stepnoy, Peschanyi, Kamyshlag, Aqtóbe, Jezqazghan, Petropavl, Kengir jәne Óskemen lagerileri). Búlardyng shyndyghyn ashu qajet. Respublika tarihynda olardan basqa da kóptegen «aqtandaqtar» bar, solar: kýshtep industriyalandyru, kóshpendilerdi zorlyqpen otyryqshylandyru, újymdastyru syndy sovettik reformalargha baylanysty oqighalar, sol sharalar barysynda búrq etken kóterilister, tek 30-shy jyldarghy alapat ashtyq qana emes, 1917–1918, 1921–1923 jyldarghy asharshylyqtar zertteluge tiyis. Stalindik-goloshekindik biylik dushar etken jónsizdikter men zúlymdyqtar saldarynan san myndaghan jekelegen adamdar orynsyz qiynshylyqtardy, tauqymetterdi bastan keshti. Totalitarizm men despotizm ruhany ómirge de orasan zor zalalyn tiygizdi. Biyleushi partiya qalyng halyqqa shynayy tarihyn bilgizbey, júrttyng sanasyn «Eldigimiz Oktyabri revolusiyasynan bastau aldy», «Alashordashylar – jeksúryn últshyldar» degen jalghan úghymdargha jaulatty. Kórnekti qayratkerler, kóptegen intelliygensiya ókilderi, halyq sharuashylyghyndaghy, halyqqa qyzmet kórsetu salalaryndaghy mamandar men qyzmetkerler qatang qughyngha úshyrady, nebir betke ústar azamattar fizikalyq túrghyda joyyp jiberildi.
Osylardyng bәrin zertteuge alyp, jana tanymdy, tarihy әdilettilikti qalyptastyru isine atsalysu mәselelerin QazTAQ «Ádilet» ózining baghdarlamalyq mindeti dep sanady. Baghdarlamalyq mindetterin oryndau barysynda qogham aldynda túrghan úlanghayyr júmystardy tiyimdi atqaru ýshin úiymdastyru júmystaryn jetildiru qajettigi tuyndady. Tek Almatynyng ózinde týrli kómekke múqtaj eki jarym mynday jan – sayasy qughyn-sýrgin saldarynan stalindik lageriler azabyn kórip kelgender bar bolatyn. Al qaza tapqannan keyin aqtalghandardyng otbasy mýsheleri, olardyng úrpaqtary jýz myndap sanalatyn. Solarmen naqty júmystar jýrgizu barysynda qily әleumettik mәselelerdi maqsatkerlikpen sheshu, jalpy, repressiyalanghandardyng mýddelerin qorghaumen tikeley shúghyldanu ýshin «Ádilet» qoghamynyng mýsheleri ishinen repressiyagha úshyraghandar qauymdastyghy (tóraghasy B.J. Mústafiyn), sonday-aq «Janashyr» birlestigi (tóraghasy M.S. Núrpeyisov) qúryldy.
QazTAQ «Ádilettin» úiysuyna alyp kelgen qazaqstandyq qozghalys alghash Mәskeude payda bolghan «Memorial» qozghalysy әserin sezine otyryp óristegenmen, Býkilodaqtyq erikti tarihi-aghartu «Memorial» qoghamynyng qúryluyna tikeley qatysqanmen, ózining jarghysyna Býkilodaqtyq qogham tújyrymdaghan qaghidalardy jazyp qoyghanmen, qúryltayshy konferensiyada delegattardyng kópshiligi Qazaq respublikasyndaghy qoghamdy «Ádilet» dep ataugha dauys berdi. Osylay atau arqyly onyng mәskeulik ortalyqtyng tynys-tirshiligin kózsiz kóshire beruden bastartqan derbestigi naqtylandy. Óitkeni «Ádilettin» aldyna qoyghan maqsattarynda «Memorialdan» ózgeshelik bar bolatyn, atap aitqanda, kenes ókimeti ornaghan dәuirding bastapqy kezenindegi kýshtep jýrgizilgen sovettik reformalar saldarynan qazaq halqynyng asharshylyq syndy auyr qasiretke úshyrap, jartysyna juyghy qyrylyp ketuinin qúpiya-syrlaryn ashu qajet-túghyn. Búl ýshin jogharydan týsiriletin núsqaulargha baylanbau, is-әrekette mәskeulik ortalyq josparymen shektelip qalmay, ózindik mәselelermen shúghyldanu, izdeniste, is-qimylda erkindik boluy manyzdy edi.
Sondyqtan da qoghamnyng atyn ózgertu, ony әlde-kim, әlde-ne jayynda is-shara ótkizip, ne arhiytekturalyq qúrylys túrghyzyp este saqtau sipatty týsinik beretin memorial sózinen góri, ótkende jol berilgen zorlyq-zombylyq búrmalaghan tarihy shyndyqty qalpyna keltirudi, soghan qatysty әdil baylam jasaudy maqsat tútqan, qúqyqty negizge alyp sottau, sot ýderisin jýrgizu maghynasyndaghy ystisiyanyn latynsha úghymymen tamyrlasyp túrghan, jýrekke jyly, qazaqy әdilet sózimen atau óte oryndy kórindi. Qazaq qoghamy atynyng ózgeshe boluy býkilodaqtyq qogham atqaratyn isten basyn alyp qashuy emes-tin, ekeuining sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúpiyalaryn ashudaghy maqsaty bir ekeni anyq edi, búl orayda olardyng birlesip atqarar ortaq sharualary da aiqyn-tyn. Múny qúryltayshy konferensiyagha Mәskeuden kelip qatysqan Býkilodaqtyq «Memorial» qoghamy basqarmasynyng teng tóraghalarynyng biri, mәskeulik qogham basqarmasynyng tóraghasy, memlekettik tariyh-arhiv institutynyng (MGIAI) rektory Yu.N. Afanasiev birden týsinip, qazaq qoghamynyng «Ádilet» dep ataluyna qoldaushylyq kórsetip sóiledi. QazTAQ «Ádilet», shynynda da, repressiyalanghan partiya, memleket, ghylym, әdebiyet pen óner qayratkerlerinin, týrli saladaghy enbek adamdarynyng aqtaluyna atsalysyp, adal esimderin qoghamgha qaytaru arqyly stalinizm qylmystaryn әshkereleu júmystaryn «Memorialdyn» maqsatymen ýndes jýrgizdi, onymen ózara maghlúmattarmen almasyp túrdy. 1991 jyly KSRO-nyng tәuelsiz memleketterge bólinuine baylanysty Býkilodaqtyq qogham Halyqaralyq bolyp qayta qúrylghanda, oghan Halyqaralyq qogham qúryltayshylarynyng biri retinde qoldau kórsetti. Qazirgi tanda da repressiya tarihyna qatysty júmystary boyynsha «Ádilet» Halyqaralyq «Memorialmen» yntymaqtasyp qyzmet atqarady.
1989 jylghy 8 sәuirde ótken Qúryltayshy jinalysta QazTAQ «Ádilettin» tóraghasy bolyp, tikeley dauys beru jolymen S.O. Jandosov saylandy. Ol 30-shy jyldarghy sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbany bolghan belgili revolusioner, partiya-sovet organdarynyng qayratkeri Oraz Jandosovtyng úly retinde mәlim edi, әri sol shaqta S. Jandosov atqarushy biylikte jauapty qyzmette, Qazaqstan ýkimetining jәne QKP Ortalyq Komiytetining mýshesi bolatyn. Búlargha qosymsha, delegattardyng onyng kandidaturasyna toqtauyna sebep bolghan jәit: onyng úzaq jyldar boyy qalalyq jәne respublikalyq buyndarda jauapty qyzmetter atqaryp jýrgeninde kóptegen manyzdy mәseleler boyynsha jeke basynyng tәuelsiz kózqarasyn tanytyp jýrui jәne qashanda әdiletsizdikke tózbeytin qasiyeti әser etken-tin. Qúryltayshy jinalysta qoghamnyng basqarmasy men basqarmanyng júmysshy alqasy mýsheleri, tóraghanyng orynbasarlary saylandy. (QazTAQ «Ádilet» tóraghasynyng orynbasarlary A.L. Jovtiys, M.K. Baydildaev, E.F. Ayriyh, M.J. Hasanaev, júmysshy alqasynyng mýsheleri K.N. Núrpeyisov, V.I. Snitkovskiy, B.O. Qoyshybaev, basqarmanyng búlardan basqa mýsheleri qatarynda әr jyldarda S.T. Rysqúlova, S.I. Jansýgirov, A.O. Jandosov, A.E. Butiyn, Q.J. Júbanova, M.T. Baymahanov, Gh.B. Maylina, M. Esengeldina, K.S. Kýlenova, V.I. Quanyshbaeva, N.Á. Ázirbaev, F.Ya. Osadchiy, R.Q. Júmabaeva, R.M. Seyfullina, E.S. Aythojiyn, V.K. Karinovskiy, K.Ú. Qúlymbetova, T. Beyisqúlov, A.Á. Lekerova, Z.T. Osmanova, K.A. Seyitova, L.F. Varshavskaya-Eniyseeva, E.M. Gribanova, T.Q. Toghanbaev, N.A. Yalymov, R.N. Syrghabekova, A.N. Núrmaqov, A.M. Ahmetova, R.M. Tayshybekova, A.Z. Temirbekova, E. Uәlihanov, A. Tasymbekov, Q.S. Aldajúmanov, M.B. Aybasova, G.N. Zemeli, R.Q. Shanina, N.Q. Jaqauova, Gh.Q. Ánesov, t.b. boldy).
Qoghamnyng atqarushy diyrektory bolyp alghashqy jyldan beri S.R. Aytmambetova ýzdiksiz júmys istedi. (S. Aytmambetova respublikalyq partiya gazetining 30-shy jyldarghy basshylarynyng biri, Almaty oblystyq partiya komiytetining bólim mengerushisi, Ýlken terror qúrbany Raqym Sýgirovting qyzy edi). Ol úzaq jyldar boyy qaladaghy iydeologiyalyq úiymdarda jauapty júmystar atqarghan tәjiriybeli qyzmetker bolghandyqtan, «Ádilettin» praktikalyq júmysyn uaqyt talabyna say kәsiby biliktilikpen jolgha qoyyp, pәrmendi týrde jýrgizdi, Halyqaralyq «Memorialmen» de yntymaqtastyq sharalaryn úiymdastyryp jýrdi. Mәselen, «Ádilet» «Memorialmen» birge Mәskeu, Leningrad (Sankt-Peterburg) jәne basqa TMD elderinen kelgen búrynghy Kengir lageri tútqyndarynyng Kengir poselkesinde kezdesuin ótkizdi, Halyqaralyq «Memorialgha» kiretin Resey men Polisha tarihi-aghartu qoghamdary ótkizgen konferensiyalargha qatysty. Ártýrli eldegi konslagerilerde bolghan repressiyalanghandar jayynda «Ádilettin» halyqaralyq dengeyde derektermen almasyp túruyn, «Ádilet» mýshelerining Kengir lagerindegi tútqyndar kóterilisining 50 jyldyghyna baylanysty 2004 jyly Jezqazghanda ótken konferensiyanyna, 2005 jyly GULAG jýiesi qalalaryna Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýnine oray jasalghan avtosheruge qatysuyn úiymdastyrdy. Respublikalyq qoghamnyng birneshe tóraghasy túsynda shiyrek ghasyrgha sozylghan merzim boyy qyzmet atqarghan Sәule Raqymqyzy «Ádilettin» aldyna qoyylghan mindetterding oryndaluyn sheber úiymdastyryp, jýzege asyryp túrdy, sonday isterdi biliktilikpen atqarugha qoghamnyng belsendi mýsheleri, repressiyalanghan qayratkerlerding nemereleri Sh. Amanjolova men S. Qojyqovany, basqa da jastardy baulydy. Jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan bozdaqtar úrpaqtarynyng ekinshi buynyn osylay tarihi-aghartushylyqqa tartyp otyrghan S. Aytmambetova-Sýgirova, «әdilettikterdin» beyneli sózimen aitqanda, 2016 jyly dýniyeden ótkenge deyin bir tynym tappay – QazTAQ júmysyna barsha tóraghalar túsynda, «Ádilet» basqarmasyn әr jyldary: S.O. Jandosov (1989–1992), M.Q. Qozybaev (1992–2002), M.T. Baymahanov (2002–2006), K.N. Núrpeyis (2006–2007), B.O. Qoyshybaev (2008–2011), S.O. Seyfullin (2011 – 2012), A.S. Jandosova (2012–2013), Gh.Q. Ánes (2013–2016), M. Ábjanov (2016–2018), Gh.Q. Ánes (2018 – qazirge deyin) basqarghanda – әrdayym tyng serpin berip otyrghan «qozghalystyng motory» boldy.
QazTAQ «Ádilet» shanyraq kótergen alghashqy jyldardyng ózinde Almaty, Shymkent, Selinograd (keyingi Aqmola, qazirgi Astana), Qaraghandy, Jezqazghan, Pavlodar, Qyzylorda jәne basqa da qalalar men audan ortalyqtarynda bólimsheler (filialdar) ashyldy, qoghamnyng tynys-tirshiliginen júrtshylyqty habardar etip túru, izdenister barysynda «Zerde Kitabyn» jariyalap túru maqsatymen «Ádilet» jarshysy» shygharylymy әzirlendi. Qaraghandyda, Almaty týbindegi Boraldayda, Shymkentte 30-shy jyldary atylghan bozdaqtar aruaghyn eske salyp túratyn obeliskiler men estelik belgiler ornatu josparlandy. Zúlmat jyldar qúrbandarynyng qalay bolsa solay kómilip tastalghan oryndaryn anyqtap, sýiekterin qayta jerleu jóninde júrtshylyqqa ýndeu tastaldy. Qaraghandyda respublika boyynsha túnghysh ret jazyqsyz jazadan aqtalghandardyng zeynetaqysyna 50 som mólsherinde qosymsha qarjy tólenetin boldy. Shymkentte «Ádilettin» Sozaq audandyq bólimshesining tóraghasy D. Túranovtyng belsene atsalysuymen sol uaqytqa deyin úmyttyrylyp kelgen Sozaq kóterilisi jayynda qújattar izdestirile bastady. Jambyl oblysy Sarysu audanynda ardager jurnalist T. Maqashev bastaghan top asharshylyq zobalanyn bastan ótkergen qart kisilerding estelikterin jazyp aludy úiymdastyrdy. Qazaq uniyversiytetinyng tarihshy-oqytushylary Q. Atabaevtyng basshylyghymen studentterdi kózi tiri ardagerlerding asharshylyq jayyndaghy estelikterin jazyp alu ýshin ekspedisiyalargha shyghuyn úiymdastyrdy. QazTAQ tarapynan repressiyalar qúrbandaryna qoyylatyn eskerkishting ozyq jobasyna konkurs jariyalandy. Búrynghy jazalau mekemesi ornalasqan, ishterinde ne bir tamasha memleket, ghylym men mәdeniyet qayratkerleri bar kóptegen jan jazyqsyz jәne habar-osharsyz qaza tapqan búrynghy jazalaushy organnyng ghimaratyn memorialdy muzey ashu ýshin «Ádilettin» qaramaghyna beru súraldy. Jappay sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan adamdargha qatysty tarihy әdilettilikti qalpyna keltiru ýshin, barlyq repressiyalanghandardy aqtau ýshin, olargha tiygizilgen ahlaqy jәne materialdyq zalaldyng ornyn toltyru ýshin arnayy zang shygharu mәselesin kóterdi. («Ádilet» qoghamy basqarmasynyng mýshesi, keyin preziydenti bolghan akademiyk, zang ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor, QR Konstitusiyalyq Sotynyng tóraghasy M.T. Baymahanovtyng jetekshiligimen jobasy jasalghan «Jappay sayasy repressiyalar qúrbandaryn aqtau turaly» QR Zany 1993 jylghy 14 sәuirde qabyldandy).
1990 j. basynda KSRO Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiyteti QazTAQ «Ádilet» salghan súraugha oray Mәskeuden Almatygha jauap hat joldady, 1-shi danasy «Ádiletke», 2-shi danasy Qazaq respublikasynyng Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetine jiberilgen búl hatpen KSRO Jogharghy soty Áskery alqasynyng Almatyda ótken Kóshpeli sessiyasy shygharghan ýkimderge sәikes, 1938 jylghy 25 aqpannan 13 nauryzgha deyin atylghan 633 bozdaqtyng tizimin berdi. 1938 jylghy 22 nauryzda respublika baspasózi «otanyn satqan opasyzdar» retinde 6–12 nauryzda ótken jabyq sot ýkimen atylghan «halyq jaularynyn» – basshy qyzmetterdegi 19 partiya-sovet qayratkerlerining aty-jónin jariyalaghan bolatyn. Búl óz uaqytynda moyyndalghan jalghyz ghana tizim edi, olardan basqasy jóninde kezinde tughan-tuysqandaryna auyzsha «hat jazysu qúqynan airylyp, jer audaryldy» dep habarlanghan. Is jýzinde bir kýnde atyldy dep ashyq moyyndalghan 19 komissar jariyaly habar shyqqan 22 nauryzdan kóp kýn búryn, tipti sot bastaldy delingen 6 nauryzdan da búrynyraq, 25 aqpannan bastap әr kýnde oqqa úshqanyna, sonday-aq «...jer audaryldy» delingenderding de atyp tastalghanyna jogharyda atalghan KSRO MQK-ning «Ádiletke» jazghan jauap haty kuәlik etip túrdy.
Taghy bir aidan keyin osy qaharly mekemeden KSRO Jogharghy soty Áskery alqasynyng sheshimimen memlekettik terrordyng barsha kezeninde atylghan kýlli qazaqstandyq bozdaqtardyng tizimi alyndy. «Ádilet» QR Últtyq qauipsizdik komiytetimen jaqsy, iskerlik baylanys ornatty. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde arnayy qyzmet arhiyvimen birlesip, jazalanghandardyng tolyq tizimin jasauda da, atylghandardyng jappay jerlengen qorymdaryn anyqtauda da jemisti júmystar jýrgizildi. Arnayy qyzmet arhiyvinen әr oblys boyynsha repressiyalyq sharalar qoldanylghandardyng ondaghan kitap etip týptelgen tizimderi «Ádiletke» tapsyryldy. Sovet ókimetining óz halqyna qarsy jasaghan qylmystyq әreketterin múqiyat jasyryp, júrtshylyqqa búrmalanghan jalghan mәlimetter taratyp otyrghany osylay әshkerelene bastady.
Osy 1990 jyly Almaty týbindegi Janalyq eldi mekeni janyndaghy sayajaylar ýshin bólingen aumaqtan bas qorabyn oq tesken adam sýiekteri tabylghan-dy. Sayajaylyq jer telimderinen QazTAQ «Ádilet» múryndyq bolyp qazyp alynghan sýiekterge sot-medisinalyq saraptama jasaldy, respublikalyq Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiyteti olardyng sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandarynyng sýiekteri ekenin, Ýlken terror jyldary atylghandardyng sol mangha, asharshylyqta bosap qalghan Ály auylynyng ornyna kómilgenin moyyndady. Sot-medisinalyq ekspertizadan ótkizilgen qúrbandar sýiegi 1993 jyly Janalyq aumaghynda qaraly-saltanatty rәsimmen jer qoynyna berildi. Qorym retinde tanylghan aumaq (15 ga jәne onyng janynan ótetin ýlken joldyng qarsy betinen 2 ga) Almaty oblysyndaghy Talghar audany biyligining sheshimimen sayasy repressiyalar qúrbandaryn este qaldyrugha baghyttalghan qúrylys nysandaryn salu jәne tiyisti eske alu әri tarihi-aghartu sharalaryn jasap túruy ýshin 1997 jyly QazTAQ «Ádiletke» bólip berildi.
QR Preziydenti N.Á. Nazarbaev «Ádilettin» on jyldyghyna oray 2000 jyly qabyldauynda bolghan qogham tóraghasy, Sh. Uәlihanov atyndaghy Tarih jәne etnologiya institutynyng diyrektory, QR ÚGhA akademiygi, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor M.Q. Qozybaev bastaghan delegasiya aitqan ótinishti tyndap, atqarushy biylikke tiyisti tapsyrmalar berdi. Soghan sәikes qorym basyna «Janalyq» memorial keshenining basty eskertkishi salynyp, ony 2002 jylghy 31 mamyrda saltanatty týrde Preziydent N. Nazarbaevtyng ózi ashty. Sodan beri búl orynda jyl sayyn 30-shy jyldarghy sayasy qughyn-sýrgin jәne asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alugha arnalghan shara ótip túrady. Biyl memorial-eskertkish janynan arnayy muzey salyndy. Aldaghy uaqyttarda eskertkish ainalasyna qúrbandar tizimi qashalghan stela-qabyrgha túrghyzu, aumaqty taqyrypqa say abattandyrudyng ózge de manyzdy sharualaryn atqaru kózdelip otyr.
Preziydentting qabyldauynda QazTAQ «Ádilet» delegasiyasy Janalyqta eskertkish ashumen qatar, Almatydaghy búrynghy NKVD ghimaratyn 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisten bastap, 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan kóterilisine deyingi kezendegi Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin tarihyn kórsetetin múrajaygha ainaldyru mәselesin kótergen bolatyn. Ótinish qabyl alynyp, súralghan muzey 2003 jyly osy ghimaratta ashyldy. Alayda bir jarym jyl ghana júmys istegen muzey, kýshtik qúrylymdardyng biri balansyndaghy ghimaratty әldekimderding jekemenshigine satyp jiberuine baylanysty, jabylyp qaldy. (Ony halyq iygiligine qaytarudy súraghan ótinishter, aksiyalar, ózge de tolassyz is-sharalary әzirge nәtiyjesiz boluda). Preziydentke aitylghan ýshinshi ótinish repressiyalanghandar men olardyng úrpaqtarynyng estelikterinen jinaq shygharu jóninde bolatyn, kitap «Qasiretti taghdyrlar betteri» («Stranisy tragicheskih sudeb») degen atpen 2002 jyly jaryq kórdi.
«Ádilet» dýniyege kelgen alghashqy jyldan bastap zertteushilerding tarihtaghy «aqtandaqtardy» ashugha belsene kirisuine, sayasy repressiyalar nauqandarynda jazyqsyz qúrban bolghan kóptegen memleket, partiya-sovet, ghylym men mәdeniyet qayratkerlerining esimderin ruhany ómirge qaytaru baghytyndaghy isterine qoldau kórsetip otyrdy. Qasiretti kezeng shyndyghyn kórsetetin qújattar men materialdardan kórmeler úiymdastyryp túrdy. Á. Qasteev atyndaghy Memlekettik óner muzeyimen birlesip, «Rekviyem. Zamananyng qújattyq jәne kórkemdik kuәgerleri» degen atpen birqatar mәdeniyet qayratkerlerining qayghyly taghdyry jóninde әngimeleytin qújattyq derekter men materialdardy, lageri azabyn bastan keshken suretshilerding tuyndylaryn túnghysh ret kópshilik nazaryna úsyndy, kórme 1989, 1990 jyldary Almatyda, Shymkentte, Qaraghandyda, Selinogradta (Aqmola, Astana) kórsetilip, júrtshylyq nazaryn mәselege qatty audarghany sonday, el ishinen jazyqsyz jazagha úshyraghandardy aqtap, adal esimderin qaytarugha baylanysty tolyp jatqan súrau salu, týrli qújattar jibergen hattar legi «Ádiletke» ýzdiksiz kelip jatty.
Sodan bastap múnday kórmeler jәne lageriler azabyn bastan ótkergen suretshiler shygharmalaryn ekspozisiyalau QR Ortalyq muzeyinde, Á. Qasteev atyndaghy Memlekettik óner múrajayynda jýieli týrde úiymdastyrylyp túrdy. «Ádilettin» mýshesi, Iliyas Jansýgirov qoghamdyq qorynyng preziydenti A. Jandosova «1937: Este saqtau aumaghy. Joqtau» art-jobasyn jýrgizuge bastamashylyq kórsetip, 2013 jyly Qasteev muzeyinde Qazaqstandaghy sayasy repressiyalargha arnalghan, osy alapat tragediyany әr buyngha jatatyn suretshiler kózimen payymdaudy kózdegen ýlken kórmeni úiymdastyrushylardyng biri boldy. Qoghamnyng iydeyalaryna say auqymdy úiymdyq júmystar jýrgizuge qatysa jýrip, Sh. Amanjolova Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq múrajaylaryna Alash-Orda qayratkerleri qyzmetin kórsetuge baylanysty qúndy kenester, otbasylyq múraghatynan kóptegen maghlúmattar men materialdar berdi, S. Qojyqova qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysynyn belgili qayratkeri, sayasy repressiya qúrbany Qonyrqoja Qojyqov әuletinin: qazaq óneri tarihynda eleuli oryn alghan otbasy mýsheleri – júbayy Lәtipa, úldary Qojahmet, Qúlahmet, Núrahmet, Súltanahmet Qojyqovtardyn Qasteev muzeyinde jәne óz otbasynda saqtalghan múralary arqyly shygharmashylyq ghúmyrlaryn janghyrtyp, taqyryptyq kórmeler jasau jolymen respublika júrtshylyghyna (Almaty, Qyzylorda, Týrkistan qalalarynda) tanystyrdy. «Ádilet» mýsheleri A. Shәjimbaev pen A. Tasymbekov 90-shy jyldary týsirgen «ALJIYR» – «Otanyn satqan opasyzdar әielderining Aqmola lageri» jayyndaghy derekti filim tarihiy-tanymdylyq, aghartushylyq sipatymen kópshilikting rizashylyghyna bólenuimen qatar stalinizm qylmystaryn әshkereleu taqyrybynda júmys isteytin kinodokumentalistika, jurnalistika qyzmetkerlerining qatary molaya týsuine yqpal etti. Sodan beri H. Omarov, E. Raqyshev syndy kóptegen rejisserler elimizding asharshylyqty, repressiyany bastan keshken kýrdeli kezenderinen, qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan túlghalardyng ómiri men qyzmetinen ondaghan tarihiy-tanymdy tuyndy berdi. 80-shi jyldardyng ayaq kezinde Almatyda M. Áuezovting muzey-ýiinde әueli Týrkrespublika, odan Qazólkekom basshylarynyng biri bolghan Ýlken terror qúrbany S. Qojanovtyng 95-jyldyghyna arnalghan konferensiya ótkizilgen, taghy bir jazyqsyz atylghan bozdaq, Qazaqstandaghy mәdeny revolusiyanyng jetekshisi, Aghartu halyq komissary T. Jýrgenovting yubiyleyi Almatyda jәne tughan jeri Qyzylordada atap ótilgen edi, sodan bastap esimderi repressiya tamúghynan oralghan ondaghan memleket, ghylym, óner, әdebiyet, mәdeniyet qayratkerleri jayynda ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyalar, kezdesuler, jiyndar әzirlep, ótkizip túru jaqsy dәstýrge ainaldy.
Jazyqsyz jazalanghan qayratkerler turasynda merzimdik baspasóz betterinde Seksen altynshy jyl yzghary basylghan 1988 jyldan bastap batyl jәne jii jazyla bastaghany belgili, 1990 jyly «Ádilet» mýshesi B. Qoyshybaevtyng «Jazyqsyz japa shekkender» jinaghy jaryq kórdi, sodan beri búrynghy jabyq taqyrypty zertteushilerdin, ghalymdardyng tanytqyshtyq mәni zor enbekteri ýzbey shyghyp, ghylymy dissertasiyalar qorghalyp keledi. Búl rette «Ádilet» úiymdastyrghan ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyalargha belsene atsalysyp jýrgen tarih ghylymdarynyng doktorlary: Alash qozghalysy men repressiya tarihyn tereng zerttegen QR ÚGhA akademik M. Qoygeldiyev pen újymdastyru jәne solaqay reformalargha qarsylyq kóterilisterin jan-jaqty qarastyrghan QR ÚGhA qúrmetti akademiygi T. Omarbekovting enbekteri QazTAQ-tyng jarghylyq maqsattaryna jetuine kóp jәrdem beretinin atap aitu kerek. QazTAQ «Ádilet» atylghandardyng qysqasha ómirderekteri keltirilgen tizimin QR ÚQK arhiyvining materialdary negizinde, arhiv qyzmetkerlerimen yntymaqtastyqta qúrastyryp, 1996–2011 jyldary toghyz tom «Azaly kitap – Kniga skorbi» jinaghyn jaryqqa shyghardy.
Qazaq halqynyng últtyq apaty – 1917–1933 jyldary dýrkin-dýrkin soghyp, tikeley 4,5 millionday adam ómirin әketken alapat asharshylyq – әrdayym QazTAQ «Ádilettin» nazarynda boldy. Qoghamnyng bastamashylyq kórsetuimen QR Jogharghy Kenesi tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyly-aq respublikanyng belgili ghalymdaryn tarta otyryp, qasiretti kezeng shyndyghyn zertteytin komissiya qúrdy. Ár jylghy 31 mamyrdy asharshylyq nәubeti qúrbandaryn eske alatyn kýn retinde belgiledi. Almaty qalasynyng atqarushy biyligi búrynghy NKVD ghimaraty janyndaghy sayabaq ishinen bolashaq eskertkish salynatyn oryndy belgilep, estelik tas ornatty. (Komissiya júmysynyng újymdastyru kezenindegi asharshylyqty zerttey kele, qazaq halqyna genosid jasalghanyn tújyrymdaghan qorytyndysy sol kezgi parlamentting maqúldauymen 1992 jyly respublikalyq gazetterde jariyalandy. Asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni 1997 jyly Preziydent pәrmenimen Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni retinde ózgertilip belgilengennen keyin ghana túraqty týrde resmy atala bastady, býginde, 2017 jyldan beri, 31 mamyr – Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin jәne asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni. Asharshylyq qúrbandary aruaghyna arnap Almatyda tas qoyylghan oryngha shiyrek ghasyrdan keyin layyqty eskertkish túrghyzylyp, 2017 jylghy 31 mamyrda ashyldy).
Qazaqstanda stalindik búrmalaular saldarynan oryn alghan tarihtaghy «aqtandaqtar» astaryn ashu, respublikadaghy újymdastyru, industriyalandyru, deportasiya, soghys, týrli sayasy nauqandarda, «halyq jaularyn әshkereleu» shaqtarynda bastan keshken qily qiyn kezenderdi jan-jaqty zertteuge alu arqyly el birligine, halyqtar arasyndaghy ózara týsinushilikke, tatulyqqa qyzmet etetin tarihy shyndyqty anyqtau orayynda QazTAQ «Ádilet» tarihshylarmen birlesip keng kólemdi zertteushilik jәne aghartushylyq júmys jýrgizdi. Totalitarizmning әrtýrli aspektileri boyynsha ghylymy konferensiyalar ótkizdi, atylghandar tizimin jinaqtap jaryqqa shygharudy jolgha qoydy. «1937 tragediyasy: stalindik totalitarizm qúrbandary aruaghyna» atty ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyasynda Ýlken terror qylmystary jan-jaqty әngime boldy. «Totalitarlyq jәne posttotalitarlyq memlekettegi qoghamdyq sana» taqyrybyna arnalghan dóngelek stol sovettik kezendegi jәne tәuelsizdik ahualyndaghy intelliygensiyanyn, kórkem shygharmashylyqtyn, baspasózding jaghdayy qarastyryldy. «Qújattar kuәlik etedi: Qazaqstandaghy totalitarlyq rejimning halyqqa qarsy sayasaty turaly materialdar» atty seminarda arhiv qújattary negizinde sayasy ýderisterdin, ashyq «sot ýderisterinin», enbekpen týzeu lagerilerining shyndyghy ashyldy, jappay sayasy repressiya qúrbandaryn aqtau jәne olardyng tizimin jariyalaugha әzirleu jónindegi júmys barysy qaraldy. «Qazaqstandaghy totalitarlyq rejimge qarsylyq kórsetu jәne sayasy repressiyalar» seminarynda 1929–1932 jj. sharualar kóterilisi jәne 1959 jylghy Temirtau oqighasy qarastyryldy. «Ádiletshi»-ghalymdar «Halyqtardy deportasiyalau – totalitarlyq rejimning qylmysy» taqyrybymen ótken dóngelek stolda Qazaqstangha kýshtep kóshirilgen halyqtar, olardyng ornalastyryluy, osy ozbyrlyq әreketting zany qyrlary jayyndaghy oilaryn ortagha saldy.
Osynday tarihi-aghartushylyq júmystary arqyly totalitarlyq-terrorlyq biylik jýiesining óz halqyna qarsy jasaghan qylmystaryn әshkereleu jәne qoghamdyq sanany qalyptastyrugha sinirgen QazTAQ «Ádilet» enbegi jogharghy biylik tarapynan layyqty baghasyn aldy: qogham tóraghasy M. Qozybaev 1997 jyly QR Preziydentining Beybitshilik jәne ruhany kelisim syilyghynyng laureaty boldy. Osy jyly «Ádilettin» úsynysymen Almaty qalasynyng on kóshesine repressiyagha úshyraghan qogham qayratkerlerinin, ghalymdardyn, mәdeniyet qyzmetkerlerining esimderi berildi.
Aqtalghan qayratkerler jayynda joghary oqu oryndarynda eske alu keshterin ótkizu dәstýrge ainalghan, 2009 jyly Abay atyndaghy pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetting tarih fakulitetinde «Sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan jurnalister ruhyna taghzym» atty eske alu keshi bolyp, onda últ bostandyghy ýshin, elding ruhany janghyruy ýshin publisistikalyq qalamymen de kýresken Á. Bókeyhanov, A. Baytúrsynov, M. Dulatov syndy ataqty qayratkerler aldynghy leginde bolyp, stalindik repressiyalargha úshyraghan qazaqstandyq 125 jurnalisting esimi ataldy.
HH ghasyrdyng basynda QazTAQ «Ádilet» sol shaqta qaltarysta qalyp úmytylghanday bolghan asharshylyq taqyrybyna júrtshylyq nazaryn qayta audarudy qosh kórgen-di. Baspasózde «Ádilet» qoghamy tóraghasynyng orynbasarlary: akademiyk, t.gh.d., prof. K. Núrpeyis pen t.gh.k., jazushy B. Qoyshybaev 2002 jyly «Últtyq apat mәngi este bolsyn» atty ghylymiy-publisistikalyq maqala jariyalady. Múnda asharshylyq bolghan kezender (Týrkrespublika aumaghyndaghy 1917–1919, Qazrespublika aumaghyndaghy 1921–1923, Ýlken Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy 1931–1933 jj.) naqty atalyp, olardyng ozbyr sayasat saldarynan permanentti sipat alghany, sóitip is jýzinde qazaq halqynyng mýldem joyylyp ketui yqtimal zúlmatpen betpe-bet qalghany túnghysh ret esh boyamasyz Últtyq Apat dep baghalandy, aldaghy uaqytta atqarylugha tiyis júmystar jayynda úsynystar aityldy.
Asharshylyqtyng ayaqtaluynyng 75 jyldyghyna oray, 2008 jyly «Ádilet» Almaty oblysynyng arhiyvimen birlesip «1931–1933 jyldarghy asharshylyq: sebepteri, auqymy, saldary» atty respublikalyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiya ótkizdi. Konferensiya Qazaqstan tarihynda óshpes iz qaldyrghan qasiretti kezendi – Últtyq Apatty býkil halyq bolyp eske alyp túratyn arnayy kýn belgileu qajet dep tújyrdy; asharshylyq qúrbandarynyng ruhtaryna arnap jer-jerdegi meshit, shirkeu, ghibadathanalarda uaghyz aitudy, dúgha oqudy jolgha qoigha jәne ony dәstýrge ainaldyrugha shaqyrdy; múraghattar men shejireshilerding derekteri negizinde opat bolghandardyng nyspylaryn naqtylap, Qasiret kitabyn týzuge, sonyng negizinde tarihy taghylymy eresen ghylymy múrajay jabdyqtaugha ýndedi; búl isterge halyq ókildigining múryndyq boluy manyzdy bolmaghyn atap aityp, qazaq halqy tútastay qyrylyp ketuding az-aq aldynda qalghan Últtyq Apat mәselesine parlamenttin, atqarushy biylikting airyqsha nazaryn audaruyn súrady.
QazTAQ-tyng qúrylghanyna 20 jyl toluyna arnalyp, «Ádilet qoghamy: totalitarlyq tarihtan – demokratiyalyq bolashaqqa» atty taqyryppen QR Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvimen birge 2009 jyly ótkizilgen respublikalyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyanyng júrtshylyqqa ýndeuinde de totalitarlyq biylikting sovet ókimetining soghysqa deyingi kezeninde 340 mynday adamdy jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrginge úshyratqany, tek Ýlken terror jyldary 120 mynnan astam adamgha repressiyalyq sharalar qoldanghany, 25 mynyn atyp jibergeni, 1917–1933 jyldarghy «bolishevikterding ashtyq sayasaty» (M. Shoqay) nauqandarynda tikeley 4,5 million kóshpendi júrttyng asharshylyq qúrbany bolghany, osy qasirettermen astastyryla, jalpy sany 1,5 millionday nemis, korey, sheshen, ingush, balqar, kýrdi, meshedtik-týrik, bolgar, grek, qyrym tatarlary, qalmaq jәne basqa da halyqtar ókilderi qazaq jerine kýshtep kóshirip әkelingeni, odan keyin industriyalandyru, tyng kóteru nauqandarynda taghy da milliondaghan qonys audarushylar kelgeni, sonyng bәri qosyla kele qazaq halqynyng últtyq mýddelerining shekteluine janama týrde bolsa da әser etkeni kórsetildi, biylik pen júrtshylyqty keler úrpaqqa ónege bermek birqatar imandylyqty pash eter sharalargha atsalugha shaqyrdy.
Atalghan jәitter QazTAQ «Ádilet» 2010 jyly QR OMA-men, Kinofotoqújattar jәne dybys jazbalar arhiyvimen, «Alash» tarihiy-zertteu ortalyghymen, Qazaqstan tarihshylarynyng qauymdastyghymen jәne A. Sәrsenbaev atyndaghy qoghamdyq qormen birlesip ótkizgen «Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyanyng ýndeuinde de tiyisinshe kórinis tapty.
Preziydent N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng asharshylyqtyng 80 jyldyghyna baylanysty 2012 jylghy sózine, sonday-aq Astanada arnayy memorialdyq eskertkish ashyluyna baylanysty, búl kezenderdi zertteu isi jandana bastady, «әdiletshilerdin» qatysuymen týrli konferensiya, dóngelek stoldar, jiyndar ótkizildi, derekti filimder týsirildi. «Ádilettin» úiymdastyruymen ótken konferensiyalardyng barlyghynyng materialdary jeke jinaqtar týrinde jaryqqa shygharyldy. 2000–2003 jj. «Ádilet» mektep oqushylary arasynda ýsh jyl qatarynan «Tarihtaghy adam. Qazaqstan – HH ghasyr» degen taqyrypta joghary synyp oqushylary zertteushilik júmystarynyng konkursyn ótkizdi, jyl sayyn konkurs jenimpazdary anyqtalyp, arnayy jýldeler berildi, tandauly júmystar jeke kitapqa toptalyp, 2003 jyly jaryqqa shygharyldy. 2005 jyly QR Preziydentining arhiyvimen jәne Halyqaralyq qúqyqqorghau ortalyghymen birlesip, «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy «Qazaqstandaghy 1930–1950-jj. repressiyalar sabaqtaryn jәne adam qúqtaryn qorghau problemalaryn zamanauy úghynu» taqyryby boyynsha dóngelek stol ótkizdi, onda qughyn-sýrgin nauqanynyng manyzdy sayasiy-qúqyqtyq qyrlary, deportasiyalanghan últtyq azshylyq ahualy jәne ony әleumettik-qúqyqtyq qorghaudyng mәseleleri, sayasy repressiyalarly zertteudegi múraghatshylardyng ýlesi jәne zúlmatty bastan keshkender men olardyng úrpaqtarynyng qayghyly taghdyrlary qozghaldy.
Birqatar «әdilettikter» qiyn kezeng búrmalaularyn әshkerelegen óz estelikterin shyghardy (A. Jovtiys. «Men Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetine qalay qauip tóndirdim nemese MQK qalpaghy astynda» («Kak ya ugrojal Komiytetu gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosty ily Pod kolpakom KGB»), F. Osadchiy. «Essiz biylik qúldary» («Raby bezumnoy vlastiy»), N. Yalymov. «Ákelerimizding ruhy elesteydi» («Vitaet duh otsov nashiyh»), L. Kuderina, A. Lekerova, t.b. qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandary úrpaqtarynyng óz әkeleri, otbastary jayynda jazghandary), olar totalitarlyq-terrorlyq biylikting ashy shyndyqtaryn, adam qúqtaryn iske alghysyz etken kezender suretterin oqyrman aldyna jayyp salady. 2009 j. «Ádilet» mýshesi G. Qasymjanova QazTAQ-tyng 20 jyldyghyna arnalghan «Halyqtyng qasiretti taghdyry» («Surovaya drama naroda») atty derekti telefilim týsirdi. 2014 j. QazTAQ «Ádilettin» 25 jyldyghyna oray B. Qoyshybaevtyng «Ádilet» tuymen shiyrek ghasyr» atty publisistikalyq hronikasy shyqty.
«Ádilet» qoghamy «Janalyq» memorialdy kesheninde Almaty oblysy әkimdigining tapsyrmasymen 2018 jyly salynyp, jeltoqsan aiynda ashylghan Qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandary muzeyi ekspozisiyalarynyng derekke, mazmúngha bay etip jasaluyna atsalysty. Muzeyde repressiyalar tarihyn kórsetetin jәne Almaty oblysy boyynsha qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghandardy eske alu zaldary bar, solarmen qatar, jiyndar ótkizuge arnalghan arnayy zaldaghy eksponattardan QazTAQ «Ádilet» tarihymen, onyng atqarghan júmystarymen tanysugha bolady. Otyz jyldyq qyzmeti kezinde «Ádilet» qoghamy birqatar mýshelerinen airyldy. Stalindik konsentrasiyalyq lageriler azabyn kórip oralghandar men atylghan bozdaqtardyng júbaylary men balalary (Aytken Butiyn, Fedor Osadchiy, Gýlәndam Qojanova-Lapina, Dәmesh Jýrgenova-Ermekova, Ludmila Varshavskaya-Eniyseeva, Gýlnәr Dulatova, Rayhan Júmabaeva, Sәule Rysqúlova, Ziba Qojanova, t.b.), QazTAQ «Ádilet» júmysynyng birden júrt nazaryna iligip, airyqsha bedelge ie boluyna erekshe ýles qosqan alghashqy basshylar men basqarma mýshelerining birqatary: «Ádilet» qoghamynyng alghashqy tóraghalary Sanjar Orazúly Jandosov (1992), Manash Qabashúly Qozybaev (2002), Kenes Núrpeyisúly Núrpeyis (2007), olardyng orynbasarlary Mardan Keldibayúly Baydildaev (1994), Aleksandr Lazarievich Jovtis (1999), Marat Jaqsybekúly Hasanaev (2002) ómirden ozdy. Zalda olardyng portretteri, ómirbayandyq derekteri kórsetilgen stendter, esimderin úlyqtau sharalary jayynda aqparattar bar. Mәselen, «Ádilet» 2010 jyly «S.O. Jandosov: ómirbayan derekterinen – tolyqqandy beyne» («S.U. Jandosov: ot biograficheskih faktov k selinomu obrazu») taqyrybymen memleket jәne qogham qayratkeri S. Jandosovtyng tughanyna 80 jyl toluyna arnalghan ghylymy konferensiya ótkizdi, 2012 jyly qogham qayratkeri, kәsiby múraghatshy M. Hasanaev múrasynan «Paryz – Dolg» degen atpen ghylymiy-publisistikalyq jinaq shygharyp, arnayy úiymdastyrylghan eske alu keshinde júrtshylyqqa tanystyrdy.
«Azaly kitapty» 9-shy tomynda «Janalyq» qorymyna qúpiya kómilgen 4 mynnan astam qúrbannyng aty-jóni tizilgen. Alda túrghan mindetterding biri – osynda jatqan bozdaqtardyng esimderin tasqa qashap jazyp, «Janalyq» memorialy ainalasyna stela qoi. Osynday shara arqyly memleketting júrtty jappay sayasy qughyn-sýrginge týsirip, óz azamattaryna qarsy jasaghan qylmysyn – Ýlken terror qúrbandaryn eske salyp túratyn Janalyq kesheninin tanymdylyghy men tanymaldyghyn arttyra týserimiz kәmil. Óitkeni múnda halqymyzdyng sovettik negizdegi memlekettiligin qalyptastyryp, damytugha zor ýles qosqan qayratkerlerdin, respublikamyzdyng basshylyghy men ardaqty azamattarynyn kópshiligi jatyr. Almatydaghy NKVD ghimaratynyng podvalynda oqqa úshyp, Janalyq auyly tóniregine kómilgen qúrbandar arasynda Qazaq KSR Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining tóraghasy Úzaqbay Qúlymbetov, QazSIYK-ti alghashqy tórt merzim boyy basqarghan Seytqaly Mendeshev, Qazólkekomnyng ekinshi hatshysy bolghan Izmúqan Qúramysov, Almaty oblystyq jәne Almaty qalalyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy Janaydar Saduaqasov, Últtyq apattan – eldi esengiretip jibergen alapat asharshylyqtan aman qalghan júrttyng ensesin kóteruine, respublikadaghy mәdeny revolusiyanyng basynda túryp, ólsheusiz zor ýles qosqan Aghartu halyq komissary Temirbek Jýrgenov, basqa da halyq komissarlary, memleket jәne qogham qayratkerleri: Almaty oblatkom tóraghasy Oraz Jandosov, Hasen Núrmúhamedov, Iliyas Moldajanov, Shәkir Diyveev, Ghabdol Bókeyhanov, Qabylbek Sarymoldaev, Jaghypar Súltanbekov, Zeynolla Tóreghojiyn, Nyghmetolla Syrghabekov, Iliyas Qabylov, Mirasbek Tólepov, Sýleymen Esqaraev, Sәlemhat Kýlenov, Ázimbay Lekerov, Múhamediyar Túnghanshiyn, Ábilqayyr Dosov, respublika komsomolynyng basshysy bolghan Qaysar Tәshtitov, ghylym, әdebiyet jәne mәdeniyet qayratkerleri: KSRO Ghylym akademiyasynyng Qazaqstandaghy bazasy basshylarynyng biri, pedagogika jәne medisina instituttarynyng alghashqy rektory bolghan әigili tarihshy-ghalym, professor Sanjar Asfendiyarov, qazaq әdebiyetining jaryq júldyzdary Sәken Seyfulliyn, Iliyas Jansýgirov, Beyimbet Mayliyn, Maghjan Júmabaev, Qazaq KSR HKK janyndaghy kórkemóner isteri boyynsha basqarma bastyghy Ghabbas Toghjanov, alghashqy kәsiby teatr rejisseri Júmat Shaniyn, qazaq drama teatrynyng diyrektory Saghyr Kamalov, jurnalister Birmúhamed Aybasov, Raqym Sýgirov, Zarap Temirbekov, Alash qozghalysy jetekshilerining biri, kózi tirisinde «últtyng ar-ojdany» atanghan Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Ahanmen qatar Týrkistan ólkesi mektepteri ýshin túnghysh «Álippe» jazghan, Alash qozghalysynyng ontýstik qanatyndaghy kórnekti qayratker, Qoqan (Týrkistan) avtonomiyasy Halyq Kenesining jauapty hatshysy bolghan Qonyrqoja Hodjikov (Qojyqov), oqu-aghartu isine ólsheusiz kóp enbek sinirgen tilshi-ghalymdar Qúdaybergen Júbanov, Halel Dosmúhamedov, Teljan Shonanov, sonday-aq qyz-kelinshekterden Shahzada Shonanova men Anas Iliyasova bar. Múnda, jalpy, jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrgin qúrbany bolghan әr sala qyzmetkerleri, qarapayym enbek adamdary – tórt mynnan astam bozdaq jatyr. Halyq Komissarlary Kenesining tóraghasy Oraz Isaev, QKP OK-ning ekinshi hatshysy Sadyq Núrpeyisov, Resey Federasiyasy Halkomkenesi tóraghasynyng orynbasary Túrar Rysqúlov, Sovettik baqylau komiyteti tóraghasynyng Ózbekstan boyynsha orynbasary Súltanbek Hodjanov (Qojanov), KSRO-nyng Saud Arabiyasyndaghy búrynghy elshisi Nәzir Tóreqúlov, BROAK (VSIYK) hatshysynyng orynbasary, VSIK Tóralqasynyng mýshesi Nyghmet Núrmaqov, Alash-Orda tóraghasy Álihan Bókeyhanov, Batys Alash-Orda tóraghasy Jansha Dosmúhamedov, Alash últtyq qozghalysyna qatysushylar: jazushy Jýsipbek Aymauytov, mәdeniyet qayratkeri Dinmúhamed Ádilov, әdebiyetshi Ábdirahman Baydildiyn, jurnalist Ahmetsafa Yusupov, agronom Ghazymbek Birimjanov syndy bozdaqtar Mәskeude, Týrkistan (Qoqan) avtonomiyasy ýkimetining alghashqy bas ministri Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev Tashkentte, «Alash-Orda» ýkimetining mýshesi Aydarhan Túrlybaev, jazushy Qoshmúhamed Kemengerov Ombyda atyldy. Olardyng bәri sol qalalardaghy jappay qorymdargha kómilgen. Jalpy týrki elining azattyghy ýshin kýresken ataqty qayratker Mústafa Shoqay Fransiyada, azattyq kýreskeri Rayymjan Mәrsekov Qytayda jatyr. Solovky lagerinde dýnie salghan Alash qayratkeri, aqyn jәne publisist Mirjaqyp Dulatovtyng sýiegi tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jylynda tughan auylyna әkep qoyyldy. Keleshek uaqyttarda shet elderde qalghan bozdaqtardyng jatqan jerlerinen topyraq әkelip, osynda jasalmaq ózindik panteon ispetti arnayy oryngha qaraly-saltanatty rәsimmen qoy jobalanuda.
Janalyq keshenindegi muzeydi jedel salyp, 2018 jylghy jeltoqsanda iske qosqan Almaty oblysy ýkimetining basshylyghyna alghys aita otyryp, bolashaqta taghy da birlesip sheshudi tileytin mәseleler, atqarudy tileytin alda túrghan mindetter jayynda da aita ketkendi jón kóremiz. Qaraly da kiyeli, qasterli oryngha taghzym ete kelushiler sanyn arttyru ýshin, әkimdikting qamqor kómegine sýiene otyryp, osy oryndy әli de jaghdaylastyra týsu kerek. Búl orayda memorialdyq eskertkish ainalasyna qúrbandar tizimi qashalghan granit stela ornatumen qatar, muzeyden әri qaray aghashtar egip, alleyalar jasau, onda azamattardyng osyndaghy bozdaqtargha, ózderi qadir tútatyn túlghalargha arnap kishi arhiytekturalyq formalar qoiylaryna mýmkindik jasau jón bolar edi. Sonymen qatar osynda taghzym ete keletinderge layyqtalghan arnayy oryndy jaghdaylastyru súranyp túr. Atap aitqanda, shaghyn meshit pen shirkeu (chasovnya), alystan qatynaytyndar ýshin týneu ortalyghyn salu, qúrbandyq shalu paryzdaryn oryndaularyna jaghday tughyzu jobasy jýzege asyryluy tiyis. Áriyne, muzeyde ghylymy ortalyq qúrylyp, yrghaqty júmys isteuine biylik tarapynan qajet qamqorlyq kórsetilse jaqsy bolar edi. Ortalyqta ghylymy qyzmetkerler tiyisti zertteuler jýrgizedi, ekspozisiyalardy tolyqtyryp, janartyp túrumen, taqyryptyq kórmeler úiymdastyryp, repressiya qúrbandaryna arnalghan eske alu sharalaryn, týrli kezdesuler ótkizip túrumen shúghyldanady. Osynday ister arqyly Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin muzeyi «Ádilet» qoghamymen birge qaraly kezender haqyndaghy tarihy bilimdi túraqty týrde nasihattap, Birinshi Preziydentting ruhany janghyrugha, sanany janartugha baghyttalghan belgili baghdarlamalyq maqalalary ruhynda jandy júmystar jýrgize beretin bolady.
Al jas úrpaqty atalghan qasiretti tarihy kezender shyndyghy arqyly tәrbiyeleu – olardyng әdiletsýigishtik sezimin úshtaydy, otanshyldyqqa baulidy. Múnday әreket ótkendegi soraqy búrmalaulardyng endi eshqashan qaytalanbauyn qamtamasyz etedi, demokratiyanyng qúndylyghyn, adam qúqtaryn әrdayym saqtaudyng manyzyn barshanyng tereng týsinuine jәrdemdesedi. «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy, mine, tәuelsizdik azamattaryn tarihpen tәrbiyeleuge atsalysatyn osynday isterimen ózining otyz jyldyq belesine de keldi. Osylay ótken zaman shyndyqtaryn qalpyna keltiru arqyly, eldigimizding mәngilikke úlasuyn qamtamasyz etetin úrpaq sanasyn janartugha atsalysuyn jalghastyra bermek.
Beybit Qoyshybaev, «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy tóraghasynyng orynbasary, jazushy, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty
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