Otarshyldyqtyng qandy shengeline týsip, eldigi shayqaludyng ýstinde túrghan qazaq qauymyna tirshilikting otyn sepken, «sugha ketip bara jatqan» halyqtyng qolyna ilikken tal bolghan, tynysy tarylghanda kókirek sarayyn ashqan júpar aua   ispetti, qazaq júraghatyn joyyludan aman saqtap qalyp, ayaqqa túruyna, es jiyp, bas kóteruine tolyq әser etken bagha jetpes dýnie ol - hakim Abaydyng shygharmalary.

Iya, iya filosofiyalyq, tarihi, sayasy enbekter emes, Abaydyng quatty poeziyasy men ghaqliyalary. Sondyqtan da Abay shygharmalarynyng jinaqtalyp, jýielenip, baspagha úsynylyp, jariyalanyp shyghuy qazaq mәdeniyeti men әdebiyetining órkendeuine ghana emes, qazaq elining eldigine, memlekettigine qadam bastyrghan, qalyptastyrghan eleuli qúbylys boldy.

Áriyne, aqynnyng alghashqy jinaghynyng jaryaiyalanuynyng bas-qasynda Álihan Bókeyhanov syndy Alash kóseminin, Abaydyng óz balalary men jaqyn tuystarynyng jýrgendigi aqiqat, onyng ishinde Kәkitay Ysqaqúlynyng ardaqty esimi aldymen auyzgha týsetindigi belgili. Ótken jyly jinaqtyng 100 jyldyq mereytoyyna oray respublika kóleminde týrli is-sharalardyng ótkizilgeni kópshilik qauymgha ayan. Bizding maqsatymyz osy jinaqtyng jariyalanuy tarihyna baylanysty  әli de ashyq aitylmay kele jatqan faktorlar túrghysynda bolmaq.

Kórnekti abaytanushy ghalym A.Núrqatov ózining «Abaydyng aqyndyq dәstýri» enbeginde túnghysh jinaqtyng jariyalanuyna baylanysty Kәkitaydyn

Otarshyldyqtyng qandy shengeline týsip, eldigi shayqaludyng ýstinde túrghan qazaq qauymyna tirshilikting otyn sepken, «sugha ketip bara jatqan» halyqtyng qolyna ilikken tal bolghan, tynysy tarylghanda kókirek sarayyn ashqan júpar aua   ispetti, qazaq júraghatyn joyyludan aman saqtap qalyp, ayaqqa túruyna, es jiyp, bas kóteruine tolyq әser etken bagha jetpes dýnie ol - hakim Abaydyng shygharmalary.

Iya, iya filosofiyalyq, tarihi, sayasy enbekter emes, Abaydyng quatty poeziyasy men ghaqliyalary. Sondyqtan da Abay shygharmalarynyng jinaqtalyp, jýielenip, baspagha úsynylyp, jariyalanyp shyghuy qazaq mәdeniyeti men әdebiyetining órkendeuine ghana emes, qazaq elining eldigine, memlekettigine qadam bastyrghan, qalyptastyrghan eleuli qúbylys boldy.

Áriyne, aqynnyng alghashqy jinaghynyng jaryaiyalanuynyng bas-qasynda Álihan Bókeyhanov syndy Alash kóseminin, Abaydyng óz balalary men jaqyn tuystarynyng jýrgendigi aqiqat, onyng ishinde Kәkitay Ysqaqúlynyng ardaqty esimi aldymen auyzgha týsetindigi belgili. Ótken jyly jinaqtyng 100 jyldyq mereytoyyna oray respublika kóleminde týrli is-sharalardyng ótkizilgeni kópshilik qauymgha ayan. Bizding maqsatymyz osy jinaqtyng jariyalanuy tarihyna baylanysty  әli de ashyq aitylmay kele jatqan faktorlar túrghysynda bolmaq.

Kórnekti abaytanushy ghalym A.Núrqatov ózining «Abaydyng aqyndyq dәstýri» enbeginde túnghysh jinaqtyng jariyalanuyna baylanysty Kәkitaydyn

úly Árham Ysqaqovtyng «Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazetinde 1959 jyldyng  27 nauryzynda jariyalanghan «Ákem turaly estelikten» atty maqalasyna sýiene otyryp, mynaday mәlimetterdi keltiredi: «1906 jyly jaz shyghyp, kiyiz ýy tikkende Kәkitay qos túrghyzyp, Mýrseyit mollany shaqyryp aldy da: - Sen myna biz jinaghan Abay ólenderin rettep jaz, - dep onasha qosqa otyrghyzdy. Mýrseyit asyqpaytyn, arabsha súlu jazatyn adam edi. Bir ay shamasynda kóshirimdi әzirlep alyp, Kәkitay Semeyge jýrip ketti. Jol shyghynyna eki semiz at, eki semiz týiesin әketken-di. Malyn Semeyde aqshalap alyp, Omby qalasyna kettim dep hat jazdy». Osynda aqyn ólenderining jýielep kóshiru isin 1906 jyly jaz aiynda bastalghandyghy jóninde aqparat berilgen. Alayda sanaly ghúmyryn abaytanu mәselelerine, Abay múrasynyng tolyqtay iygeriluine arnaghan ghalym Q.Múhamedhanovtyng Kәkitay Ysqaqúly turaly jazylghan maqalasynda Árham esteligine sýiene otyryp, 1905 jyldyng jaz aiynda Mýrseyitke qoljazbany kóshirtu isining bastalghandyghyn aityp ótedi. Ghylymy hronologiyalyq dәldik ýshin Abaydyng túnghysh jinaghyn jariyalaugha dayyndyq isi  1905 jyldyng jaz aiynda bastalghan degen tújyrym ornyqqany dúrys kórinedi. Sebebi, aqyn jinaghyn shygharushylardyng biri Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng Kәkitay turaly maqalasyna sýienetin bolsaq, Kәkitaymen 1900 jyldan beri tanystyghy, Abay qaytys bolghannan keyin 1904 jyly marqúmnyng balalaryna ólenin kitap etip bastyru jóninde úsynys jasaghany, 1905 jyldyng shildening ayaghynda Kәkitaydyng Abaydyng qoljazbasyn alyp, Ombygha kelgendigin bayandalady (Múhamedhanov Q. Abay kitabyn alghashqy shygharghan Iliyas Boraganskiy. Almaty, 2009.).

Árham Ysqaqovtyng «Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazetinde 1959 jyly jariyalanghan esteligi sol kezdegi sayasy iydeologiyagha baylanysty redaksiyalanghany aiqyn kórinedi.  «Jylymyqtyn» lebi bolghanymen, totaritarlyq jýie mehanizmi qarqyndy júmys istep túrghan zaman, alash kósemderining aqtalmaghan kezeni bolghandyqtan, Á.Bókeyhanov túlghasyna baylanysty jәitter týgelimen ózgeriske úshyrap berilgen.

Hosh, sonymen Abaydyng qoljazbalaryn әdittep hatqa týsirip, ýkili ýmitpen Ombygha attanghan Kәkitaydyn, sonday-aq Abay jinaghynyng joly bolmaydy. Jinaqty baspagha әzirlep, songhy redaksiyalaryn jasap jýrgen Á.Bókeyhanov patshalyq jandarmdary tarapynan 1906 jyldyng qantar aiynyng basynda tútqyndalady. Álihannyng tútqyndaluyna baylanysty jinaqty bastyru isi biraz kesheuildeydi, Kәkitay ýshin de jana jospar jasap, qaytken kýnde de kitapty bastyrudy jýzege asyru maqsaty algha shyghady. Ári qaray Árham Kәkitayúlyna sóz bersek: «Odan keyin Ombyda bastyra almadym, Qazan qalasyna jýrip kettim dep taghy da hat jazdy. Bir júmadan son:  - Qazan qalasyndaghy baspahanalardyng basugha uaqyty bolmady. Sondyqtan Peterburg baspahanalarymen shart jasastym. Tez 200 som aqsha salyndar,- degen telegramma keldi». Osy arada talay qúpiyanyng syry jatyr. Abay ólenderin Qazan qalasyndaghy baspahanalardan basugha nege mýmkindik bolmady? Árham Kәkitayúly búl kedergilerding syryn bilse de, zúlym jýiening tepkisinen ashyp aitpaghan synayly. Qazaq kitabynyng qily da qasiretti tarihyn zerttegen ghalymdar Sh.Eleukenov, J.Shalghynbaevalardyng «Qazaq kitabynyng tarihy» atty enbeginde otarshyldyq jýienin, patshalyq Reseyding óz bodanyndaghy týrki-músylman halyqtarynyng kitap bastyru isine baylanysty ústanghan sayasatynyng bet perdesi sypyrylyp, qandy jýzi aiqyn kórsetilgen. HIH ghasyrdyng songhy shiyreginde músylman, diny әdebiyetting kóptep shyghuynan, «Qazanda, basqa qalalarda qazaq kitaptarynyng kóptep basyluy, oghan qosa shetten músylmandyq әdebiyetting at-nópir ýstemelep týsui - osynyng bәri qazaq qoghamyna islamnyn, ol arqyly panislamizm, panturkizm iydeyalarynyng yqpalynyng kýsheye týsuinen» qorqyp, atalmysh baghyttaghy kitaptardy qazaq dalasynda keng taratpaudyng joldaryn qarastyryp, týrli әkki de zymiyan amaldargha barady. Olardyng basshylyqqa alghan naqty ústanymdary mynaday:

«1875-1880 jyldary Baspasóz basqarmasyn V.Grigoriev basqarghan kezinde de: baspa kitap el arasyna kóp tarasa, kýsh alyp ketedi. Endeshe ony osy kýshinen aiyru kólemin qysqartyp auyzdyqtay beru kerek desken. Sony әkki chinovnik Smirnov bylaysha jýieleydi:

1.     Qazaq basylymdary oqushysyna qymbatqa týsetin bolsyn. Onyng baghasyn uday qyludyng bәr ailasy - senzor shtempelin búldau, ol ýshin kóp qarajat aiyryp alu,-deydi.

Kitap shygharu - kommersiyalyq is. Kitap sauda ainalymyna týskendikten, ýkimet tiyisti salyghyn salady. Smirnovtyng aityp túrghany - kóldeneng salyq. Salyqtan beli qayyssa, músylmandar kitap shyghara almaydy, qarajaty jetispeydi, dep túr».

Búl patshalyq sheneunikterining ústanghan ústanymdarynyng birinshi tarmaghy ghana, bodanyndaghy týrki-músylman halyqtaryn, onyng әngimemizge arqau bolyp otyrghan qazaq halqyn ruhany túnshyqtyru, sanasyn oyatpau, orystandyru sayasatyn jýrgizu syndy súrqiya maqsattar jatty olardyng kókeyinde.

Abay jinaghynyng Qazan baspalarynda jaryq kórmeuining birinshi sebebi osy bolsa, ekinshi sebebi de sayasy senzura sayasaty bolsa kerek. Qazanda shyghatyn qazaq kitaptaryna arnayy jiti baqylau qoyylghany, kitap shyqpastan búryn arnayy ókiletti adamdar tilmәshtar arqyly kitap mazmúnymen múqiyat tanysyp shyghatyndyghy, Patshalyqtyng otarshyldyq sayasatyna qayshy keletin iydeyalar bolsa, ol kitaptardyng týbirimen joyylatyndyghy josparly týrde iske asyrylghan jәne búl isterge baylanysty tarihy derekter «Qazaq kitabynyng tarihy» atty enbekte kóptep kezdesedi. Qazangha baryp tauy shaghylghan Kәkitay 1900 jylghy «Tәrjiman» gazetinde jariyalanghan maqala arqyly tanys, Peterburgtaghy IY.Boraganskiy baspahanasyna jol tartady. Abaytanushy Q.Múhamedhanov Abaydyng «Tәrjiman» gazetin oqyp túrghandyghy, sondyqtan aqynnyng ainalasy IY.Boraganskiy baspahanasy turaly bilgendikterin aitady. K.Ysqaqúlynyng da sol kezdegi astana Peterburgtegi ondaghan basqa baspahanalargha emes, arnayy IY.Boraganskiyding baspahanasyna jol tartuy  kezdeysoq is emes.

Árham Kәkitayúlynyng «Sondyqtan Peterburg baspahanalarymen shart jasastym. Tez 200 som aqsha salyndar,- degen telegramma keldi»,- degen sózderining astarynda ýlken tarih jatyr. Jogharydaghy ýzindide keltirilgen búratana halyqtardyng kitap bastyru isterining qúnyn sharyqtatyp, baghasyn asqaqtatyp, týrli salyqtardy, tólemderdi oidan shygharylu arqasynda shyndyghynda da qazaq syndy halyqtardyng kitap basu isi edәuir qiyndyqqa úshyrady. Kәkitaydyng elden    200 som aqsha súratuy sonyng aighaghy. HH ghasyrdyng basynda iri qara maldyn  sol kezdegi naryqtaghy baghasy 3 som bolghandyghyn eskeretin bolsaq, 66 iri qara maldyng qúny ekendigi, al tipti 5 somnan esepteytin bolsaq, 40 qara maldyng qúny ekendigi anyqtalady. Osy jerden-aq Patshalyq Reseyding zúlym sayasatyn anyq kóruge bolady emes pe?

Abaydyng balalary men Qúnanbay qajy úrpaqtary osynday qarjyny  shygharyp, hakim Abaydyng sóderin jaryqqa shygharady. Adal sýt emgen, alyp әkeden arly bolyp tughan halyq perzentteri ghasyr erligine tәn is atqaryp, qazaqtyng eldigin, azattyghyn, ruhyn saqtap qalghan tendesi joq qazynany halyqtyng iygiligine jaratady. Kitap bastyru isi tek qyruar qarjyny qúiymen ghana bitken joq, baspa sharttaryna say onyng qatesin týzetu, jýielu syndy ister de edәuir qiyndyq tudyrghan: «Kәkitay bir aida qayta oraldy. Kitaptyng korrektorlyq mindetin óz moynyna alypty.

Baspahana әr baspa tabaqty Semeyde Abay týsip jýretin Ániyar ýiine jiberip túratyn bolypty. Ániyar Kәkitaygha jetkizip túrdy. Kәkitay onyng qatesin týzep, qayta Peterburgqa jiberip otyrdy. Osynday sergeldenmen jýrip, Abay ólenderining birinshi jinaghy 1909 jyly, yaghny ýsh jylda zorgha jaryqqa shyqty. Árip terushilerding qazaqtyng sózin úqpauynan qatesi kóp boldy, tolyq týzeuge mýmkindik bolmady».

Árham agha aityp otyrghanday Abay ólenderin túnghysh ret jaryqqa shygharu osynday sergeldenge úlasyp, kitap 4 jyl degende, halqymen qauyshady. Bir kitap tarihy - bir halyqtyng sol kezendegi tarihyna para-par, qoghamdaghy sayasiy-әleumettik, tarihy jaghdayattardan kórinisi bolyp túr.

Bir kitap tarihy - HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy qazaq qasiretining aighaghyna ainalghan. Sol bir kitap - últtyq sanamyzdy oyatyp, el boluymyzgha septik boldy, osy kitap arqasynda qazaq qoghamy, qazaq últy joq bolyp ketuden aman qaldy. Patshalyq ókimet qansha kedergi men qiyndyq jasasa da, qoldaushysy bar asyl múra jaryq kórip, halyq iygiline ainaldy. Óskeleng jas úrpaq halqymyzdyng qily tarihyn bilip, asyl erlerimizding esimderin ardaqtap jýrui tiyis. Osynday eli ýshin atqarghan tendessiz enbegi ýshin Kәkitay Ysqaqúly Qúnanbaevtyng atyna elimizding bas qalalarynan kóshe ataularyn berip, halyq jadynda mәngilikke qaldyrugha sharalar jasaluy kerek.

«Abay-aqparat»

Noyabri Kenjegharaev, Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU-nin

«Abaytanu» ghylymiy-zertteu

ortalyghynyng agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri, f.gh.k.