Beybit Qoyshybaev. Biz – qazaq ejelden...
Qazaq halqy qashan, qay jerde jәne qalay qalyptasty? Búl saualgha jauap izdeuding mәn-manyzy býginderi әrәdik estilip qalatyn «biz әli últ bolyp úiysqan joqpyz» degen qynjylysty lepes orayynda mýldem arta týsedi.
Halyq dep belgili bir aumaqtaghy barshagha ortaq til, materialdyq-túrmystyq jәne ruhany mәdeniyet, syrt kózge ózindik atauymen kórinetin etnostyq sana biriktirgen adamdardyng túraqty qauymdastyghyn ataydy. Kenestik dәuirde qabyldanghan, tәuelsizdik zamanynda teriske shygharyla qoymaghan tarih ghylymyndaghy úghym boyynsha solay. Al halyqtyng atalmysh belgileri onyng tili, dili, dәstýrlerinen, әdet-ghúryptary men rәsim-salttarynan kórinis tauyp, etnostyq sanasy damy kele, onyng әleumettik-aumaqtyq túrghydan úiymdasuyna, tipti óz memleketin qúrugha úmtyluyna úlasyp otyrady. Býgingi tәuelsiz emleket qúryp otyrghan qazaq últy, dau joq, Úly Dalanyng úlanghayyr aumaghyn ejelden mekendegen bayyrghy ru-taypalar men taypalar birlestikterining birigip-tútasuy nәtiyjesinde ómirge keldi. Olardyng bir qazaq halqy bolyp qalyptasuyna, әriyne, ejelgi jәne erte orta ghasyrlardaghy iri-iri etnostyq-sayasy oqighalar, sharuashylyq týrlerining evolusiyasy jәne qoghamdyq qatynastardaghy progrestik ilgerileuler iygi әser etti.
Qazaq halqy qashan, qay jerde jәne qalay qalyptasty? Búl saualgha jauap izdeuding mәn-manyzy býginderi әrәdik estilip qalatyn «biz әli últ bolyp úiysqan joqpyz» degen qynjylysty lepes orayynda mýldem arta týsedi.
Halyq dep belgili bir aumaqtaghy barshagha ortaq til, materialdyq-túrmystyq jәne ruhany mәdeniyet, syrt kózge ózindik atauymen kórinetin etnostyq sana biriktirgen adamdardyng túraqty qauymdastyghyn ataydy. Kenestik dәuirde qabyldanghan, tәuelsizdik zamanynda teriske shygharyla qoymaghan tarih ghylymyndaghy úghym boyynsha solay. Al halyqtyng atalmysh belgileri onyng tili, dili, dәstýrlerinen, әdet-ghúryptary men rәsim-salttarynan kórinis tauyp, etnostyq sanasy damy kele, onyng әleumettik-aumaqtyq túrghydan úiymdasuyna, tipti óz memleketin qúrugha úmtyluyna úlasyp otyrady. Býgingi tәuelsiz emleket qúryp otyrghan qazaq últy, dau joq, Úly Dalanyng úlanghayyr aumaghyn ejelden mekendegen bayyrghy ru-taypalar men taypalar birlestikterining birigip-tútasuy nәtiyjesinde ómirge keldi. Olardyng bir qazaq halqy bolyp qalyptasuyna, әriyne, ejelgi jәne erte orta ghasyrlardaghy iri-iri etnostyq-sayasy oqighalar, sharuashylyq týrlerining evolusiyasy jәne qoghamdyq qatynastardaghy progrestik ilgerileuler iygi әser etti.
Búl ýderistin jekelegen mәselelerin qarastyru bizding tarihy әdebiyette HH ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyregindegi júmystardan (M. Tynyshbaev, S. Asfendiyarov) bastau alyp, ekinshi jartysynda kóptegen ghalymdardyng (V. Shahmatov, H. Ádilgereeev, M. Aqynjanov, S. Ibragimov, V. Yudiyn, V. Vostrov, M. Múqanov, t.b.) jýieli týrde jýrgizgen zertteulerimen jýzege asa bastady. Izdenister nәtiyjesinde, halyqtardyng shyghu tegin tek lingvistikalyq derekter negizinde ghana týsindiruge tyrysudyng olqylyghy, olardyng qúryluyndaghy migrasiyanyng róline birjaqty qaraytyn kózqarastardyng qateligi moyyndaldy. Halyqtar etnogenezi problemalaryn tarihtyn, arheologiyanyn, antropologiyanyn, etnografiyanyn, lingvistikanyng jәne basqa pәnderding derekterin qoldana otyryp, keshendi týrde zertteu prinsiypi ornyqty.
Ghylym býginde elimizding úlan-baytaq aumaghynda ejelgi dәuirlerde ómir sýrgen taypalardyng bir-birimen baylanysty bolghanyna kýmәn keltirmeydi. Bizding dәuirimizding alghashqy mynjyldyghynyng orta sheninde týrkilerding shoghyrlanyp, taraluymen Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy etnostyq-genetikalyq ýderisterding jana manyzdy kezeni bastaldy. Soltýstik Mongholiyadan Amudariyanyng tómengi aghysyna deyingi ken-baytaq aumaqta týrli týrki taypalary ornalasty. Etnostyq aralasu, sinisu ýderisteri óte-móte jedel jýrip jatty. Shyqqan tegi jaghynan әr týrli etnostyq jәne әleumettik (kóshpendiler men otyryqshylar) toptar arasyndaghy baylanystar keneye týsti. Týrkiler keng jaziralargha ghana emes, qalalar men eldi mekenderge de tarap, ornyqty. Sol shaqtarda qalyptasqan sayasy faktorlar (týrkilik qaghanattardyng qúryluy) taypalar men ru-taypalar birlestikterining integrasiyalanuyna septesti. Týrki qaghanaty ydyraghannan keyin payda bolghan Qarlúq, Týrgesh, Oghyz memlekettik birlestikteri de osy baghytta әreket etti. Birqatar oghyz rulary men taypalarynyng ózindik atalymdary qazaq halqy ishinde saqtalghany mәlim, búl olardyng qazaq halqynyng etnogenezine qatysqanyn kórsetedi. Qazaq jerinde týrki tildi taypalardy biriktirgen qimaq (kiymek) konfederasiyasy boldy. Keyinirek búl birlestikti qypshaqtar ózderine baghyndyrdy. Sodan bastap «qypshaq» etnoniymi kóptegen basqa shaghyn rular men taypalardyng attaryn qamti, óz ishine tartyp aldy.
Qazaqstannyn orasan zor aumaghyn mekendeushiler arasynda negizgi til retinde kóne týrki tili ornyqty. Týrkilik jazu VII ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysyna deyin payda bolyp, barsha aimaqqa taraldy. Ontýstik jәne Ontýstik-Shyghys Qazaqstannyng qalalarynda biraz uaqyt túrghan irantildi soghdylyqtardyng tilin týrki tili meylinshe yghystyra týsti. Orta Aziyany arabtar jaulap alyp, túrghyndardyng bir bólegi islamdy qabyldaghannan keyin, shekteuli shenberde, negizinen diny jәne zany is-daghdyda, arab tili qoldanysta bolghan kezde de týrki tili órisin taryltqan joq.
Qalyptasyp jatqan etnostyq (jogharyda da jazyp kele jatqanymyzday, osylay - etnostyq! әdebiyette kóp qoldanylatyn etnikalyq degen sóz - etnicheskiy degenning kalikasy, týbirin ajyratpay, mәnine barmay jasalghan audarmasy) ahualgha Altay aimaghynan nayman men kereyit taypalarynyng kelui eleuli әserin tiygizdi. Olardyng óz atalymdary qazaq halqynyng etnostyq komponentterining biri bolyp, qazaq shejiresinen bekem oryn alghany mәlim. Qazaq halqynyng qalyptasuyna qypshaqtardyng memlekettik birlestigi búdan da eleuli yqpal etti. Qypshaq konfederasiyasy XI-XII ghasyrlarda Ertisten Edilge deyingi zor alqapty alyp jatty. (Shyghys derekkózderinde Deshti-Qypshaq degen ortaq ataumen ontýstik orys dalalary da qosyp atalghan). Qypshaq konfederasiyasy ózinen búryn ómir sýrgen etnostyq-sayasy birlestikterding bәrining tabighy jalghasy, múrageri boldy. Ol, sonday-aq, ózderin endi qypshaq dep ataugha kóshken kóptegen taypalar men rulardy bauyryna aldy. V.G.Tiyzengauzenning arab shygharmalarynan qúrastyrylghan «Altyn Orda tarihyna qatysty materialdar jinaghyna» jәne ortaghasyrlyq kóptegen avtorlardyng mәlimetterine qaraghanda, qypshaq konfederasiyasyna ondaghan týrki taypalary engen. Tuysqan týrki taypalary oghan kiru arqyly birtindep ózara jaqyndasa týsti.
Osylay, Úly Dala aumaghyndaghy ru-taypalardyng sharuashylyq-mәdeny túrpatynyng ortaqtyghy, tili men túrmysynyng jaqyndyghy, olardyng ómir sýru salttarynyng (kóshpendi jәne jartylay kóshpendi mal sharuashylyghy men otyryqshy jer óndeushilik kәsipterining ynghayyna oray ózara әrekettesui arayyndaghy qarym-qatynastardyn) damuy jaghdayynda, etnostyq integrasiya ýderisteri jýrip jatty. Osy jolmen qazaq halqy etnogenezining negizgi týiinderi aiqyndaldy. Qazaqtyng halyq bolyp qalyptasuynyng tarihy alghy sharttary jasaldy.
Býgingi tәuelsiz memleket qúryp otyrghan qazaq halqy mekendeytin aumaq Keyingi orta ghasyrdan beri qazaq eli retinde atala bastady. Keyingi orta ghasyr kezenin Resey tarihshylary «monghol-tatar ezgisinen» bastaydy. Búl kezeng orys tarihnamasy boyynsha Joshy Úlysynyng biyleushisi Batu hannyng 1243 jylghy shapqynshylyghynan bastau alady da, orys elin qúramyna qosyp alyp, Altyn Orda atanghan imperiyanyng ydyrauymen ayaqtalady. (HIII ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynan HV ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldaryna deyin sozylghan «monghol-tatar ezgisinen» song sayasy arenagha Mәskeu patshalyghy shyqty. Joghary orta ghasyrlardaghy ejelgi orys halqy sosyn, Keyingi orta ghasyrlarda ýshke - úlyorys, ukraiyn, belorus halyqtaryna bólinip ketti). Osy tarihy jaghdaydy eskere kelgende, tәuelsiz qazaq tarih ghylymy aldaghy uaqyttarda evropalyq kezendeulerge syn kózben qarap, olardy óz elindegi ózgeristerge sәikestendire tújyrymdaugha kónil bólgeni dúrys bolar edi degen oy tuady. Qalay bolghanda da, evropalyq úghymdaghy Keyingi orta ghasyrlar kezeni biz ýshin - Shynghyshan imperiyasy HIII ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyreginde qazirgi qazaq eli aumaghyn shauyp alu esebinen irgesin keneytken shaghynan bastalady dep úqqan jón tәrizdi. Jer-jahandy silkilep-titiretushining qazaq jazirasyna Ertisten bastaghan 1219 jylghy ýlken joryghy ómir sýru salty bir-birinikine taqau týrki taypalarynan bolashaq qazaq halqyn úiystyru ýderisine ә degende kedergi bolghanmen, artynsha airyqsha serpin berdi. Sondyqtan da, Keyingi orta ghasyrdy orys tarihynyng 1243 jylghy Batu-han shapqynshylyghynan bastaldy dep esepteytinindey retpen, últtyq tarihymyz Shynghyshannyng Orta Aziyany jәne úlan-ghayyr qazaq aumaghyn baghyndyrudy kózdegen 1219 jylghy joryghynan bastau aldy dep sanaghany dúrys bolar degen oidamyz.
Qazaq jeri Shynghyshan imperiyasynyng qúramyna engennen bergi uaqytta, aimaqtaghy etnostyq jaghday kóp ózgerdi. Alghashqy jyldarda jaulap alushylar qalalar men otyryqshy eldi mekenderdi, eginshilik pen qolóner kәsipshiligi oshaqtaryn oirandaghan-dy. Kóptegen beybit jer óndeushiler men malshylardy qyrdy. Iri taypalyq toptardy qonys audarugha mәjbýr etti. Ólkedegi óndirgish kýshterdi kýizeltti, oryn alyp túrghan ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny baylanystardy búzdy. Qazaq jerindegi týrki halqynyng qúramy men antropologiyalyq túrpatyna da belgili dәrejede әserin tiygizdi. Alayda, týrki taypalary kópshilik bolghandyqtan, degenmen, mongholdar jergilikti týrki tildi halyq ishine sinisip, onyng tili men әdet-ghúrpyn qabyl aldy. Osy orayda arab sayahatshysy әl-Omariyding Shyghys Deshti-Qypshaq halqy turaly jazbasyndaghy myna joldar airyqsha qyzyq, ol bylay deydi: «Ejelde búl memleket qipshaqtar eli bolatyn. Biraq, ony tatarlar (mongholdar dep úghynyz - B.Q.) basyp alghannan keyin, qypshaqtar olardyng bodandaryna ainaldy. Sosyn olar qypshaqtarmen aralasty da, qyz alysyp, qyz berisip, tuystasty, sóitip qara jer olardyng tabighy jәne nәsildik sapalaryn jenip shyqty. Olardyng bәri, qúddy bir rudan shyqqanday, tura qypshaqtar tәrizdi bolyp ketti» (Tiyzengauzen V.G. Sbornik materialov, otnosyashihsya k istoriy Zolotoy ordy. T.1. Izvlecheniya iz sochiyneniy arabskiyh. - Sankt-Peterburg, 1884. - 235-b.).
Sonymen, mongholdar ózderi jaulap alghan qypshaq (qazaq) jerine qonystandy da, jergilikti júrttyng ishine birtindep sinip, erip ketti, aqyry, beyne-bir ózderi de solarmen bir rudan taraghan úrpaq tәrizdenip, naq qypshaqtarday, yaghny bolashaq qazaq tumasynday týrge endi. Shyghu tegi, tili, materialdyq jәne ruhany mәdeniyeti jaghynan tuystas etnostyq-sayasy birlestikterding erteden-aq ózara jaqyndasugha beyim tendensiyasy qayta nyghaya bastady. Noghay Ordasynda, Aq Ordada, Ábilqayyr handyghynda, Mogholstanda tolastamaghan soghystar men tartystargha qaramastan, qazaq halqynyng ózindik kelbetine enu jolyndaghy osynday birigu, toptasugha úmtylu ýderisi odan әri kýsheye týsti. Altyn Orda handarynyng «qypshaq patshalary» atanghany mәlim. Qypshaqtar Aq Ordanyn, keyinirek Ábilqayyr handyghynyng kópshiligin qúrap, qazaq halqynyng qúryluynda manyzdy ról atqardy. Sonymen qatar, naymandar, qonyrattar, alshyndar, arghyndar, kereyitter, dulattar jәne osy aumaqtaghy ózge de avtohtondy týrki taypalary negizinde qazaq halqy qalyptasty.
Qazaq halqynyng qalyptasu ýderisi ózindik mәdeniy-sharuashylyq ýlgide - kóshpendilik tәsilmen mal ósiru kәsibi negizinde - birtútas etnostyq aumaqta oryn aldy. Kóptegen etnostyq-sayasy jәne sharuashylyq faktorlardyng әrekettesuleri men ózara әserleri nәtiyjesinde Qazaqstan aumaghynda ýsh negizgi etnoaumaqtyq birlestik payda boldy, olar - qazaq tarihynda tereng oryn alghan Úly, Orta jәne Kishi jýzder. Jýz dep әdette jalpyqazaq etnostyq aumaghynyng belgili-bir bóligin mekendeytin qazaq ru-taypalarynyng iri birlestikterin ataghan. Olardyng qashan jәne qalay payda bolghany jayynda týrli pikir bar. Keybir tarihshylar jýzder qazaq halqy qúrylghannan kóp búryn, Batys Týrki qaghanaty ydyraghan kezde payda boldy degen boljam aitady. Mәselen, S. Amanjolov ózining «Qazaq tilining dialektologiyasy men tarihynyng mәseleleri» degen enbeginde arghyqazaq aumaghynyng ýsh jýzge bólinui kóne týrkiler dәuirinde bastalyp, X-XII ghasyrlarda ayaqtaldy dep sanaydy (Amanjolov S. A. Voprosy dialektologiy y istoriy kazahskogo yazyka. - Alma-Ata, 1959. - 112-113-bb.). Sonday oidy H.Ádilgereevtin «Qazaq halqynyng qúrylu tarihyna» atty júmysynan da oqugha bolady. Al V. Veliyaminov-Zernov «Qasymdyq patshalar men patshazadalar turaly zertteu» (Veliyaminov-Zernov V. V. Issledovanie o Kasimovskih saryah y sarevichah. Ch. 2 - Sankt-Peterburg, 1864. - 382-383-bb.), M. Krasovskiy «Resey geografiyasy men statistikasy ýshin materialdar. Sibir qazaqtarynyng oblysy» (Krasovskiy M. Materialy dlya geografiy y statistiky Rossii. Oblasti sibirskih kirgizov. Ch. 2 - Sankt-Peterburg, 1868) atty júmystarynda qazaq jýzderining ýsh derbes úlys bolghandyghyn jәne olardyng XV - XVI ghasyrlar sheginde úiysqan Qazaq handyghyna bastau, negiz bolghandyghyn aitady. N.Aristov qazaqtyng ýsh jýzge bólinu ýderisin jonghar shapqynshylyghy dәuirine (XVIII gh.), al Sh.Uәlihanov Altyn Ordanyng ydyrau kezenine (XV gh.) jatqyzady.
Shoqan Uәlihanov qazaqtardyng ýsh jýzge bólinuin ózderi kóship-qonyp jýrgen aimaqtarda óz qúqtaryn qorghau ýshin odaqtar qúrghandyghymen baylanystyrady. Búl tarihy shyndyqqa meylinshe jaqyn. Sonday oidy odan keyingi tarihshylar V.Bartolid pen M.Vyatkinnen de kezdestiremiz. Bartolid jýzder - maldy kóshpendilikpen baghudyn jaratylys jaghdayyna oray tuyndaytyn aiyrmashylyqtaryna baylanysty payda boldy dep sanaydy. Vyatkin de qazaq jýzderining qúryluy tabighiy-geografiyalyq jәne sayasi-ekonomikalyq sebepterding әserinen boldy deydi. Ol jýzderding payda boluyna geografiyalyq faktorlarmen qosa sayasat ta әser etkenin, jýzderding «erekshe sayasy odaqtar» retinde qalyptasuy HVI ghasyrdyng ayaghynda oryn alghanyn jazady. Al qazaq tarihynan shyghys hronikalarynda keltirilgen derekter jýzderding handyq qúrylghangha (XV gh.) deyin bolghanyn kórsetedi.
Qazaqtardyng ózderining anyzdary boyynsha - birneshe ghasyr ilgeride Alasha han ózining Ýisin, Arghyn, Alshyn degen ýsh úlyna halqyn bólip beripti-mis, olardyng әrqaysysy jeke ordanyng basy bolghan eken de, sodan olar Ýlken, Orta, Kishi jýzder dep atalypty. Soghan úqsas anyzdy A.Levshin de atap kórsetedi. Sonday anyzgha negizdelgen әdebiyetting biri patshalyq kezinde shyqqan «Rossiya halyqtary» degen kórkem alibom eken, onda qazaqtardyng ýsh ordagha bólinetini, olardyng әrqaysysy óz tegin «monghol biyleushisi Alashyhannyng ýsh úlynyng birinen» bastaytyny jazylghan. Qazaqty ýsh jýzge bólu XVI ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Aqnazar (Haq-Nazar) hannyn túsynda jýzege asyryldy degen de joramal bar.
Jýzderding qúryluyn mýmkin etken jaghdaylar bir mezgilde tua qalghan joq. Oghan Qazaq eli aumaghynda Shynghyshan imperiyasyna deyin de úzaq uaqyt boyy týrli iri-iri etnostyq-sayasy memlekettik qúrylymdardyng boluy әserin tiygizdi. Al mongholdar jaulap alghannan keyin qúrylghan monghol úlystarynyn, әsirese Joshy Úlysynyn, Altyn Ordanyn, sodan keyin Aq (Kók) Ordanyn, Noghay Ordasynyn, Ábilqayyr handyghynyn, Mogholstannyng búl ahualdyng pisip-jetiluine jәne tarihy túrghyda jýzderding qalyptasuyna yqpaly zor bolghany anyq. Etnostyq ýderisterdin, qoldanystaghy tilding ortaqtyghy, sharuashylyq jýrgizu túrpatynyng birtektiligi ru-taypalardyng jogharyda atalghan týrli memlekettik qúrylymdar qúramynda jýrgenine qaramastan, birtútas qazaq retinde qalyptasuyn әzirley berdi.
Qazaqtardyng shyghu tegining jәne olardyng etnostyq tútastyghynyng óte erte zamandargha ketetinin vengr týrkology, shyghystanushy, etnograf, sayahatshy Arminiy (German) Vamberi (1832-1913) óz enbekterinde dәleldeuge tyrysty. Ol 1863 jyly Ortalyq Aziyagha sayahat jasap, sol sapary jayynda jazghan enbekterinde týrki halyqtarynyng tili, mәdeniyeti, tarihy, tynys-tirshiligi, ómir sýrip jatqan geografiyalyq ortasy haqynda qúndy maghlúmattar keltirgen bolatyn. «Qazaqtardyng tilinde, olardyng qúlyqtarynda, әdetteri men minezderinde aiyrmashylyq joq boluy, búl qasiyetterding Kaspiy tenizinen Altaygha deyin jәne Oraldan Tyani-Shani baurayyna deyin sozylghan kýlli qazaq dalasynda birdey kórinui» negizinde Vambery «qazaqtargha ortaq fizikalyq túrpat tәn jәne osynau sany edәuir kóp halyq bir taypadan shyqty» dep tújyrdy. Qazaqtardyng «әdet-ghúrpy men tili jaghynan bólip-jarylmaytyn birtútas әlem» ekenin akademik V.V.Radlov ta aitqan-dy. Ol ózining «Týrki taypalarynyng halyqtyq әdebiyetining ýlgileri» atty irgeli enbegining III-tomynda: «Keng jaziranyng barlyq jerde eshqanday ózgerissiz bir ghana sipat saqtaytynynday, onyng orman-toghaysyz jalanash shoqylardy basa sozylyp jatqanynday, dalanyng tek әr jerden ghana alasa búta tilimdeytin birkelki ósken qyrlyq shópti jamylghysha jamylghanynday, osy jazira túrghyndary da әdet-ghúryp pen tilde birkelkilik kórsetude, búghan, taypanyng alysqa taralyp ornalasuyn kórgende, tipti aqyl jetpeydi deuge bolady, al olar bolsa - ózderi meken etetin eldin eng dәl kórinisin beyneleydi», - dep jazdy (Iz istoriy kazahov. Sborniyk. - Almaty, 1999. - 363-b.).
Aq Orda men Mogholstan memleketterin mekendegen taypalar etnostyq túrghyda túraqtanyp, halyq barghan sayyn birtekti bola týsken jәne deni týrkilik ortagha ainalghan. Týbi bir týrki ru-taypalarynyng etnostyq-sayasy jәne sharuashylyq-mәdeny túrghydan jaqyndasyp damy týsu dәstýrleri HIII ghasyrdaghy mongholdar shapqynshylyghy saldarynan birshama toqyraghanmen, kóp úzamay qayta jandanyp, Mogholstannyng basty bóligi men Jetisuda - Úly jýz, Ontýstik Qazaqstannyng keybir audandary men Ortalyq Qazaqstanda - Orta jýz, Batys Qazaqstanda - Kishi jýz qalyptasty (Pishulina K.A. Yugo-Vostochnyy Kazahstan v serediyne HIV- nachale XVI vekov. Voprosy politicheskoy y sosialino-ekonomicheskoy istorii. - Alma-Ata, 1977; Istoriya Kazahstana. T.2. - Almaty, 2010. - 303-b.; Qazaqstan tarihy. 2-t. - Almaty, 2010. - 310-b.). Qazaq halqynyng qúryluy jayynda «Qazaq SSR tarihynda»: «Etnosayasy ahual bylay qalyptasty: belgili bir taypalyq toptar belgili bir uaqytta әrtýrli memlekettik qúrylymdarda (Aq Ordada, Mogholstanda, Ábilqayyr handyghynda, Noghay Ordasynda jәne basqalarda) boldy, olardyng taralyp ornalasu aumaghy syrttan qysym kóru nemese feodaldyq soghystar, ózara tartystar, aua kóshuler saldarynan oryn auystyryp otyrdy, biraq biriguge degen basty baghyt, degenmen, barsha tosqauyldy jaryp ótip, ózine jol saldy, halyqtyq sana, ózining bir halyqtyng bólshegi ekenin úghynu - ainalyp kelgende, taypalyq sanadan basym týsti», - dep jazyldy.
Jogharydaghy ýzindide atalghan әrtýrli memlekettik qúrylymgha bólinip jatsa da, Qazaqstan aumaghynda túratyn halyqtyng deni bir tildi - qazaq tilin paydalandy. Taghy bir atap aitarlyq erekshelik sol - «HIV-XV ghasyrlargha qatysty antropologiyalyq material qazaqtardyng antropologiyalyq túrpatynyng negizinen bir bolghanyn aiqyn kórsetedi» (Qazaq SSR tarihy. 2-t. - Almaty, 1983. - 262-b.; Qazaqstan tarihy. 2-t. Almaty, 2010. - 264-286-bb.).
Qysqasy, Keyingi orta ghasyrlarda elimizding býgingi aumaghynda túrghan týrki ru-taypalary, birneshe memlekettik qúrylymda shashyrap jatqanyna qaramastan, tili, dili, túrmys-tirshiligi, psihikalyq bitimi, mәdeniyeti, ómir sýru salty bir qazaq halqy retinde, negizi 1456 jyly qalanghan Qazaq memlekettigi tarih sahnasyna shyghar qarsanda әbden qalyptasyp bolghan edi...
Beybit QOYShYBAEV,
jazushy, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty
«Abay-aqparat»