HVIII ghasyrdyng birinshi shiyreginen әr týrli sebeptermen tútastyghynan aiyrylyp, bólshektenuge týskenimen osy ghasyrdyng ekinshi jar¬tysynda elding qaytadan birigui jәne onyng syrtqy jaulargha qarsy kýresin sheberlikpen úiymdastyra bilgen bilgir sayasatker, she¬ber diplomat, qolbasshy Abylay súltandy bas etken qazaq hal¬qy elding ishki jaghdayyn retteu men syrtqy saya¬sat¬ta nәtiyjeli tabystargha qol jetkizdi. Sh. Uәlihanovtyng atap kórsetkenindey: «Sol uaqyttyng kýngirt jaghdayy Abylaygha batyldyghyn, tapqyrlyghy men aqyldylyghyn jarqyrata kórsetuge mýmkindik berdi» [1.119].

Sonyng ishinde qazaq-jonghar, qazaq-qytay jәne qazaq-orys qatynastaryn tiyimdi jolgha qoyylyp, elding tynyshtyghy men tútastyghyn saqtauda manyzdy ister atqaryldy. Kórsetilgen merzimdegi atalghan memlekettermen aradaghy osynday qatynas¬tar beybit kelisim jәne jenisti soghys qimyldary arqyly da iske asyryldy.
Osylardyng ishinde qazaq jerining birligin qamtamasyz etip, qantógisti boldyrmau, Qytay agressiyasyna kez-kelgen jolmen toyta¬rys berudi qamtamasyz etude Abylay súltan tarapynan jongharlardyng sol merzimdegi biyleushisi Ámirsanamen HVIII gha¬syrdyng 50- jyl¬darynyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy birlesken qiy¬myl¬darynyng manyzy erekshe.

HVIII ghasyrdyng birinshi shiyreginen әr týrli sebeptermen tútastyghynan aiyrylyp, bólshektenuge týskenimen osy ghasyrdyng ekinshi jar¬tysynda elding qaytadan birigui jәne onyng syrtqy jaulargha qarsy kýresin sheberlikpen úiymdastyra bilgen bilgir sayasatker, she¬ber diplomat, qolbasshy Abylay súltandy bas etken qazaq hal¬qy elding ishki jaghdayyn retteu men syrtqy saya¬sat¬ta nәtiyjeli tabystargha qol jetkizdi. Sh. Uәlihanovtyng atap kórsetkenindey: «Sol uaqyttyng kýngirt jaghdayy Abylaygha batyldyghyn, tapqyrlyghy men aqyldylyghyn jarqyrata kórsetuge mýmkindik berdi» [1.119].

Sonyng ishinde qazaq-jonghar, qazaq-qytay jәne qazaq-orys qatynastaryn tiyimdi jolgha qoyylyp, elding tynyshtyghy men tútastyghyn saqtauda manyzdy ister atqaryldy. Kórsetilgen merzimdegi atalghan memlekettermen aradaghy osynday qatynas¬tar beybit kelisim jәne jenisti soghys qimyldary arqyly da iske asyryldy.
Osylardyng ishinde qazaq jerining birligin qamtamasyz etip, qantógisti boldyrmau, Qytay agressiyasyna kez-kelgen jolmen toyta¬rys berudi qamtamasyz etude Abylay súltan tarapynan jongharlardyng sol merzimdegi biyleushisi Ámirsanamen HVIII gha¬syrdyng 50- jyl¬darynyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy birlesken qiy¬myl¬darynyng manyzy erekshe.

Elining taghdyry naqty sheshiler kezendegi atalghan tarihy qimyldargha әkelgen onyng aldyndaghy oqighalardyng damuyna keletin bol¬saq: «1750 jyly Jonghariyada La¬ma-Dorjynyng biylik basyna kelui ózara qyrqysqan kýresting qaytadan tútanuyna әkep soqty. Búl kýres¬te jenilis tapqan (Abylaydan ýne¬mi qoldau tauyp kelgen,-Gh. Q.) Davasy noyon jiyen¬deri Ámirsana men Bayndjurdy alyp, 1751 jyldyng kókteminde qazaqtargha qashyp keldi. Olardy abaq-kereylerding biyleushisi Qojabergen batyr qabyldady. Jonghariyanyng biyleushisi (Lama Dorjy,-Gh. Q.) ózining sayasy baqtalastaryn qaytaryp berudi talap etti. 1752 jyldyng jazynda ordada Orta jýz ben Úly jýzding batyrlary men rubasylarynyng jiyny bolyp, onda Abylay jәne batyrlardyng kópshiligi Davasiydi qoldady.
...Qazaqtardyng Davasy noyondy (Ámirsa¬namen birge,-Gh. Q.) beruden bas tartqanyna ashulanghan Jon¬¬ghariya biyleushisi Lama Dorjy Orta jýzge Sa¬yyn-Bólek pen Shadyr basqarghan әsker ji¬berdi» [2.248]. Osy oqigha turaly tarihy derekterde: «Lama Daladja Davasy men Ámirsana hasaqtardan (Abylaydan,-Gh. Q.) qoldau tauyp, olardyng kómegi arqyly dúshpanyn quatty kýshke ainaldyrmau ýshin ózi¬ne berilgen 60000 adamdyq iriktelgen әsker jiberip, býlikshilerdi ne tiridey ústap nemese óli¬dey әkeluge tapsyrma berdi» [3.51-52].

«Jongharlar Ortalyq Qazaqstanda kóship jýrgen ýisin, uaq jәne kereylerding qonystaryna shabuyl jasady. 3 mynnan astam qazaq tútqyngha alynyp, orasan kóp mal men mýlik qolgha týsirildi. Búghan jauap retinde Abylay Sayyn-Bólekke qarsy (ózi qoldau kórsetip otyrghan,-Gh. Q.) Davasiydi jiberdi, oghan... qazaq úlystarynda tútqynda jýrgen barlyq jonghar jauyngerlerin de qosyp berdi. Sonymen birge iri auqymdy soghysqa dayyndyq bastaldy,
... 1753 jyldyng jazynda jonghar әskerleri qa¬zaq dalasyna taghy da basyp kirdi, alayda Da¬va¬siyding 1753 jylghy qyrkýiektegi Jonghariyanyng tereng týkpirine jasaghan batyl joryghynda Lama-Dorjy óltirildi. Davasy jana qontayshy bolyp ja¬riyalandy, ol birden Abylaygha elshilik jiberip, ózining rizashylyghy men dostyghyna sendirdi. Qazaqtardyng is jýzinde jenui jәne Jonghariyada qazaqtardy jaqtaushynyng biylik etip otyruy qazaq jýz¬derinde Aby¬lay súltan bedelining kýshengine jet¬kizdi. Alayda dala ónirinde beybitshilik úzaqqa sozyl¬mady. Davasy biylikti ústap túra almady. Onyng búrynghy odaqtasy әri tuysy, qazaqtar jaqtan qol¬¬dau tapqan Ámirsana oghan qarsy shyqty. Jaghdaydyng janadan shiyelenisuin Ortalyq Aziyada bel¬sendi basqynshylyq sayasat jýrgizip kelgen Sin imperiyasy sheber paydalandy.
HVIII ghasyrdyng 50-jyldarynyng orta shenine qa¬ray Sin әskerleri Jonghariyanyng shekarasynda túryp, basyp kiruge dayyndaldy. Davasidyng әl¬sireui, Ámirsana men onyng qazaq odaqtastarynyng jenisteri mәselening sheshiluin tez¬detti. 1755 jyldyng aqpanynda (Qytay,-Gh.Q.) imperator Syan-lun sha¬buylgha shyghu turaly búiryq berdi...
... Basyp kiruge Ámirsananyng Sin ýkimetine ózara qyrqysqan kýreste kómek kórsetu turaly ótinish ja¬¬sauy resmy dәlel boldy. Kóktemde Qytay әs¬kerleri Ámirsananyng jasaqtarymen birge Jonghariyanyng aumaghyna kirip, Dava¬siydi op-onay talqandady. Alayda búdan keyingi oqighalar Ámirsana men Sin imperiyasynyng maqsattary mýlde qarama-qarsy ekenin kór¬setti. Eger de birinshisi orta¬lyq¬tanghan kýshti mem¬leketti qalpyna keltirudi qa¬lasa, songhysy ony joyyp, Jonghariyanyng aumaghyn ózine tolyq qosyp alugha úmtyldy. Nәtiyje¬sinde (Qy¬taygha qarsy,-Gh. Q.) kóterilis shyghyp, onda Ámirsana ózining búrynghy odaqtastaryna (Qy¬taygha,-Gh. Q.) qarsy shyqty»[2.248,249]. Osy oqighanyng barysy turaly atalghan merzimdegi qytay deregi: «Ámirsana zalym jәne túraqsyz boldy. Ileni baghyndyru ýshin ol Qytay әskerin bastap olardyng kómegi arqyly Jonghariyanyng hany bolghysy keldi. Bastaluy oghan edәuir túrghyda qolayly boldy... alayda Saraydyng (Pekiyn,-Gh. Q.) basqasha manyzdy jospary bolyp, isting ózining oilaghanynday bolmay ba¬ra jat¬qandyghyn kórgen Ámirsana býlik shygharu¬gha degen sheshim qabyldady.
... Shabuyl tútqiyldan bolyp, ...Ámirsana olardy qataldyqpen talqandady,- [4.108-109] degen anyqtama beredi.

«1755 jyly Ámirsana, - dep kórsetedi M. Tynyshbaev, - Abylay jәne Qytay imperatorynyng kó¬megimen býkil Qalmaq memleketin baghyndyra al¬dy» [5].
Atalghan uaqyttaghy tarihy qújattarda bayan¬dala¬tynynday: «Davasidyng baqytsyzdyghyna quanghan Ámirsana barlyq yqylasymen Jon¬ghariyanyng biy¬leushisi bolugha úmtyldy. Ol Qytay әskerlerining qay¬tadan qaytuyn kýtti. Imperatordyng qolbasshy¬lary Banidy men Ojunani kópsandy әskerlerine jabayy jәne óndelmegen elden tamaqtanugha azyq taba almay, olardy qosymsha dýkenderi bar Turfan men Ha¬miyge jiberuge mәjbýr boldy. Al óz¬de¬ri iriktelgen әskerding bir bólegimen jana baghyn¬ghan jerdi basqarugha arnalghan tiyisti jarlyqtar dayyn¬dau ýshin Mirsin ónirinde qaldy. Osy mer¬zimde Ámirsana oilastyrghan josparyn iske asyrugha kiristi. Ol jasyryn týrde qytaylyqtardyng ór¬kókirektigi men olardyng jana núsqaulary únamaghan lama, knyazi jәne zaysandardy jinap, olar¬gha búghaudan qútyludyng joldaryn úsynyp, eger de olar bir¬auyzdan ózine kómektesip, Jonghariyanyng barlyq kýshterin tolyq qaramaghyna beretin bolsa, erkindikterin qamtamasyz etuge óz ómirin qynggha dayyn ekendigin mәlimdedi. Sharttar men senim rizashylyqpen qabyldanyp, antpen bekitildi. Ámirsana Joghary Ámirshining tuyn jelbirete ústady. Múny kórgen әrkimning erkindikke degen úmtyly¬sy artyp, barlyghy qarugha jarmasyp, birauyzdan Ámirsanadan Qytaygha qarsy joryqqa bastaudy sú¬rady. ... Olardy osynda az ghana әskermen Banidy men Ojunani ornalasqan Mirsinge baghyttaydy, olardy qapyda bas salyp, barlyghyn óltiredi. Odan ary Qytaygha qaray asyqpay bara jatqan Qy¬tay әskerining sonyna týsedi, ony quyp jetip, tolyghy¬men talqandaydy. Esh jerde ózine qarsylyq kez¬destirmegen ol Hamiyge deyin jetedi, ... Hamy elin to¬¬nap, Ile ózenine jenisin toylau ýshin qaytyp oraldy [6.70-72,73].

Ámirsananyng osynday batyl da erjýrek әreketi Sin imperiyasynyng barlyq nazaryn oghan qarsy audardy. Sózsiz jazalaugha, Jon¬ghar halqyn qúr¬tu¬¬gha degen sheshim qabyldandy. Al tura osy mer¬zim¬nen Ámirsananyng kýshi asa basym jaulaushy Qytay imperiyasyna qarsy Jonghariya memleketin qalpyna keltirip, onyng tәuelsizdigi jolyndaghy azat¬tyq soghysy bastau alady dep esepteuge bolady. Yaghny atalghan uaqyttan Ámirsana azattyq qozghalysynyng bastaushysyna ainaldy. Abylaydyng da osy kezendegi jauynan jeniliske úshyrap, ózinen pana izdegen Ámirsanagha kómektesuin sharasyzdyqqa týsip, qúrugha ainalghan halyqqa degen iygi sharasy dep úqqan jón bolar. Atalghan túrghydaghy kelesi tarihy derekterden belgili bolghanynday: «... Ol (Qytay imperatory Kyani-Lun ) jauyz Ámirsananyng kózin joymay, osy arqyly qyrghyngha úshyraghan myndaghan ózining әsker¬lerining kegin almay bastaghan isin toqtatpaugha uәde beredi. Onyng jarlyghymen eki kópsandy jasaq úiymdastyrylyp, ne jenu ne sonda ólu turaly tapsyrmamen Jonghariyagha asqan asyghystyqpen attandyryldy. ...Ámirsana ti¬keley shayqasqa qatysqysy kelmey, kerisinshe tynymsyz shabuyldarymen ... Qytay әskerlerin әls¬i¬¬retudi oilady. Osyghan qaramastan Qytay qolbas¬shylary jongharlar tobyn ajyratyp, olardyng bas¬shysynyng qashyp ketuine mәj¬býrlik jasady» [6.73-74]. Mine osylay ... «Búl kýreste oghan taghy da Abylay kómek¬tes¬ti»[2.249].
... Múnyng bәri Sin ókimet oryndaryn shyndap alandatty, olar kóterilisshilerge qoldau kórse¬tudi dereu toqtatudy talap etip, Orta jýzge bir¬¬qatar elshilikter jiberdi. Abylay elshilerdi ózining Sin imperiyasyna adaldyghyna sendirip otyrdy, alayda jongharlargha kómek kórsetuin toqtatpady. Kóregen sayasatshy bolghan ol Jonghariyanyng qazaq qo¬nystaryn Qytay eks¬pansiyasynan qorghap, aralyq oryn ról atqaratynyn tamasha úghyndy [2.249].
Yaghni, osy kezende Qytay imperiyasynyng Jonghariyamen aradaghy qatal qyrghyn sayasatyn kórip, sonymen qatar Sin imperiyasynyng Jonghariyamen shektelmey, qarudyng kýshimen qazaq jerine de úmtylatyndyghyn boljay bilgen Abylay qaytken kýnde de osynday syn-saghatty merzimde Qytay basqynshylyghyna qarsy túrar ózine kómek izdedi. Atalghan uaqyttaghy Resey patshalyghymen aradaghy jýr¬gizilgen tiyimdi kelisimder de osynyng sebebinen bolghandyghy belgili. Aytylghandarmen qatar kóregen sayasatker Abylay jongharlar arasyndaghy bedeldi, bilgir әsker basy, eldegi joghary biylik¬ke úmtylushy Ámirsanagha Qytay tarapynan qauip tóngen kezde oghan belsendi túrghyda әskery kómek kórsetudi de josparlady. Áli qolynan qaruy týspey, Aspan asty elinen óz jerin alyp qaludy maqsat etken Ámir¬sanamen ortaq jaugha qarsy uaqytsha bolsada kelisimge kelu, osy arqyly qazaq jerine degen Qy¬tay ekspansiyasyna bóget jasau qazaq biyleushisi tarapynan sol merzimdegi naqty da batyl isterding biri bolghandyghy anyq.

Ghasyrlar boyy Ortalyq Aziyada ýlken әskery yqpaldy memleket qúryp, ainalasyn soghys oshaqtaryna ainaldyrghan, alayda qazaqtardyng birles¬ken kýshterinen jәne qytay әsker¬lerinen ýlken jenilisterge úshyraghan, sonymen birge odan ary ishki ózara bitispes qandy baqtalastyqtan әbden әlsirep, tútastyghy búzylyp, ydyraghan jongharlardyng tura sol sәtte júrtyna eleuli túrghyda qauip tudyrmaytyny da Abylaygha anyq boldy
Kórsetilgen túrghydan alghanda HVIII ghasyrdyng 50-jyldaryndaghy Abylay men Ámirsana arasyndaghy atalghan maqsattaghy qatynastyng oryn aluy turaly qytay derekteri tómendegi¬dey mәlimetter beredi: « ... Mine osylay býlikshi Abylaygha baryp tyghyldy. Ásker basylar ... Ámirsananyng ústalynyp, Qytay ýkimetine tapsyryluyn qalaytyndyqtaryn bildirdi, alayda Abylay búghan qarsy túryp qana qoymay, Kodzy Borkendi әskerlerimen Nulagha baghyt alghan Ámirsanagha jiberdi; ózi myng atty әs¬ker¬men batysqa bet alyp, Kaokazalak taulary ete¬¬ginde ózining kómekshisine qosylyp, bizding (qytaylyq) әskerlerimizdi kýtuge dayyndaldy» [7.312].
Qazaq-jonghar jәne qazaq-qytay arasyndaghy oqighalardyng osylay ushygha týsuine oray Abylaydyng sheshimi turaly J. Qasymbaev tó¬men¬degidey derek beredi: »Amursana әskerining qal¬dyghymen qashyp kelip, sol Abylaydan jәr¬dem súraydy. ... eger maghan senim artsan, mening jauyngerlerim sening tuynnyng astyna kiredi. Ózing shesh, - dep mәmlege shaqyrady. ... Abylay súltan oirat jauyngerine qol úshyn bermek boldy» [8].
«Ol, - dep jazady I. Zlatkiyn, - Abylaydy kómekke shaqyrdy. Abylay kómek beruge kelisti jәne 10 myng әskermen Jonghariyagha keldi. ... Ýlken manichjur armiyasynyng tayap qalghandyghyn bilgen Ámir¬sana Jonghariyany tastap, Orta jýzge Abylay -súl¬tan¬gha qashyp, taghy da odan pana tapty» [9.295]. Yaghny «Ámirsana Abylay auylyna baryp jan saughalaydy» [10].
Ámirsanagha baylanysty tuyndaghan qazaq-jonghar arasyndaghy osynday qatynasty Sin imperiyasy týpki niyetin oryndaudaghy qolayly kezeng dep esep¬tedi. Mine sondyqtan da ózining osy merzimdegi maqsaty-býkil jonghar jerin alu¬dyng orayy kelgen sәti - Ámirsananyng sat¬qyndyq jasap, Ile angharyndaghy qytay әsker¬lerin joyynyng kegin aludy jeleu etip, «.. ishki qarama-qayshylyqtardan mýldemge әlsiregen Jonghariyagha 1756 jyly mani¬chjur imperatory Hun Liyding kóp myndaghan armiyasy attandyrylyp, ... onyng tolyq talqandaluyna әkel¬¬di. ... manichjurlar elding bayyrghy túrghyndary-oyrattardyng basym kópshiligin qyrghyngha úshyratty. ... Qolbasshylar Chjao Hoy jәne Fu De óz jol¬daryndaghy oirattardy tolyghymen joydy. Barlyghyn, balalardy, әielderdi, qarttardy da ayamastan qyrdy. Bir millionnan artyq adam óltirildi.
Sindikterding asa qataldyghy oirattardy ... qazaqtar ... arasynan pana izdeuge mәjbýr etti» [11.207]. Qytay imperiyasy tarapynan jasal¬ghan asqan meyirimsiz joryq qorytyndysynda Jonghariya odan ary ómir sýruin toqtatty. «Atalghan mer¬zim¬nen bastap jongharlar Qytay imperiyasyna tolyghymen qosyldy. Eldi basqaru ýshin bas qolbasshy anyqtaldy jәne әr jerlerge әskerler qoyyldy» [4.110].

Osynday alapatty shapqynshylyghymen býtindey bir halyqty joyyp jiberu arqyly qazaqtargha da eskertu jasalghandyghyn Aspan asty eli әmir¬shi¬lerining odan keyingi Abylaygha qoyghan talaptarynan biluge bolady.
Atalghan jaghdaydaghy ... «Jonghar memleketi¬ning qúlauy aimaqtaghy sayasy jaghdaydy týbiri¬nen óz¬gert¬ti. Qazaqtyng Orta jýzi men Úly jýzi Qazaqstan jóninde de basqynshylyq josparlar jasaghan orasan zor agressiyashyl Sin imperiyasymen betpe-bet qaldy. 1756 jyldyng kókteminde Abylaygha Ámirsanany ústap berudi talap etken gramota jiberildi. «Ózderine keleshekte ónetin qasiret turaly myqtap oilanyzdar, sonan song ókinesinder, biraq kesh bolady,» - dep qorqytty imperator qa¬zaqtardy. Degenmen de Abylay qytaylyqtargha qarsy túrugha sheshim qabyldady» [2.249]. Tarihy derekterden aiqyndala týsetinindey: «Sin әs¬kery basshylyghyna Ámirsananyng tyghylghan jeri belgili bolghannan keyin Abylaygha «Ámirsanany beru, eger onday jaghday bolmaghanda soghys ashatyndyghyn talap etken» jana elshilik jiberildi. Ýzildi-kesildi qarsylyq alghannan keyin sin ýkimeti armiyalargha Qazaqstangha sol¬týstik jәne ontýstik baghyttarda eki toppen jylju turaly búiryq berdi. Abylay qazaq әskerleri men Ámirsananyng adamdarynan ja¬saq jinap, sin әskerine qarsy shyqty»[12.58].
Nәtiyjesinde «1756 jyldyng jazynda Qa¬zaqstan aumaghyna eki iri topqa bólingen Sin armiyasy basyp kirdi. Soltýstiktegi armiyany mani¬chjur generaly Hadaha, batystaghysyn -general Dardana basqardy. Qazaqtar men qytaylardyng alghashqy qaq¬tyghysy 1756 jyldyng mamyrynda Shaghan Oba audanynda boldy» [2.249]. Soghystyng eki jaqtan da auyr shyghyndar әkele otyra úzaqqa sozylatyndyghy belgili bolyp, »jazboyghy qantógis-alma-kezek shabuyl, it jyghys kýres ýstinde ótedi. Qazaqtarmen birge Ámirsana bastaghan qalmaq sherigi de qaytpay soghysady.» [13] Tughan jerlerin ólispey berispeuge bel sheshken »... 10 myng adamdyq qazaq әskerleri Qalmyq Tolaghay jәne Ayagóz ózeni angharlarynda birneshe kýshti soqqylar berdi»[12.59]. Alayda sansyz kóp sin әskerlerine úzaq uaqyt tótep beru mýmkin bolmaghandyqtan... »Qantógisti shayqastan keyin qazaqtar batysqa qaray sheginuge mәjbýr boldy» [2.249].
Abylay bastaghan qazaq әskerlerining tabandy qarsylyghynan jәne onyng úzaq uaqytqa sozyluynan seskengen Sin imperiyasy Qazaq handyghyn ke¬lisim arqyly óz talabyna kón¬dir¬mek boldy. Osy túrghydaghy A. I. Lev¬shinning aiqyndauynsha: »1756 jyly oghan Qytay elshiligi keldi» [14]. Alayda Qytay basshylyghy Abylay tarapynan ózderine qajetti jauapty ala almady.
... 1756 jyldyng ayaghynda soghys qimyldary qaytadan Jonghariya aumaghyna auysty. Joghar¬ghy Ertiste, Ayagózde qazaq jasaqtary payda bol¬dy, jongharlardyng Qytaygha qarsy qozghalysyn taghy da Ámirsana basqardy. Alayda kýres nәtiyjesi belgili bolatyn. Kóktem ishinde sin әskerleri kóte¬rilisshilerding bytyranqy toptaryn talqandap, 1757 jyldyng jazynda Tarbaghatay taulary arqyly qazaq jerine kelip kirdi [2.250].
Ózine qarsy jiberilgen qytay jazalaushy әskerlerinen songhy ret soqqy jep, amalsyzdan kómek súrap, búl joly da Abylaygha barghan Ámir¬sananyng kelesi әreketi turaly qytay maghlúmattary tómendegidey anyqtama beredi: «... Jiyrma ekinshi jyly (1757 jyl) marshal Chao Guey jәne dzan-dzan Fu-To batysta soghys jýrgizip jatqan kezde Ámir¬sana taghy da qazaqtargha qashty»[7.313].
Jaghdaydyng halqynyng taghdyry sheshiler túr¬ghyda¬ghy shiyelenisuine qaramastan Ayagóz óze¬nining angharynda Abylay Ámirsanamen kelisim jasasyp, ony Qytaygha bermeu turaly sheshimge keledi. Búl kelisim turaly halqymyzdyng úrpaqtan - úrpaqqa jetip kele jatqan ... «Qandyjap, Mamyrsu bitimi» -1757 jyly jasalghan. Abylay han qalmaqpen shayqasyp jatqanda, shabylghan qalmaq Ejenhan atynan Qúljadan kóp әskermen shyghyp, japa kórgen qalmaqtar eki mynday adamdy alyp, eki jaqtyng ortasynda, Ayagóz suynyng etek jaghy - Batpaq su jerine týsip, Abylay hangha elshi salady. Abylay da mynnan asa qolmen, lay su boyynda bitim jasasady. Kók qasqa aighyr men qara bas qosh¬qar soyylady, qoldaryn qangha batyryp, shart boyynsha keshirim bolyp, qún, mal dauy bolmady. Lay sudy halyq »Mamyrsu» dep atap ketti» [15].
Atalghan oqigha turaly S. Lipovsovtyng jazuynsha: »Ámirsana taghy da kýshin jinap, hasaqtarmen (qazaqtarmen,-Gh.Q.) ózine kómek kórsetudi talap etken kelisim jasady» [6.74].
Yaghny »Jonghariyadaghy kóterilis jәne Abylay, sonymen birge taghyda basqa qazaq batyrlary tarapynan Ámirsanagha belsendi kómek Sin imperiyasynyng josparlaryn boldyrmady.
... jonghar taghyna óz adamyn qongha ýmittenui, tipti búlay bolmaghanda Ámirsanany búryn jongh¬arlar basyp alghan bayyrghy qazaq jerlerin qaytaryp alu jolyndaghy kýreste paydalanu ony (Abylaydy,-Gh. Q.) Ámirsanany belsendi týr¬de qoldaugha mәjbýr etti» [12. 56, 57].
Sonymen qatar eli, jerining qauipsizdigi ýshin Qytaymen aradaghy bolmay qoymaytyn soghys jaghdayynda erjýrek batyrlary bastaghan qazaq qoly men olardan syn saghatta ortaq jaugha qarsy bostandyq jolynda kómek izdep kelgen jonghar kóterilisshiler tobynyng birikken kýshterining qúdiretin kórsetu de Abylaydyng negiz¬gi maqsattarynyng biri bolghandyghyn tarihy oqighalar bekite týsedi.
Abylaydyng Ámirsanany ýnemi qoldap kelgen¬digi turaly kelesi tarihy qújatta: »Batysty baghyndyrushy » szyan szuni Dardana ... habardar etedi: ... tútqyndar aitty: «Ámirsana qazaq jerine ayaq basqannan bastap bizding jýzding kәri aqsaqaldary, ol shýrshitke baghynyp, tórt oirattyng týbine jetti. Endi oghan sat¬qyn¬dyq jasap, bizding jerimizge qashyp keldi, sonymen bizge baqytsyzdyq әkeledi. Eger ony ústap alyp, qaytaryp bermesek, eshqashan tiysh ómir sýre almaymyz,»-deydi. Biraq, Abylay «Ámirsana ólimnen qashyp, qaraghangha qorghalaqtaghan torghayday. Ony ústap alyp, shýrshitke beru argha syn» dep Ámirsanamen kelisim jasap, qazaq rularynan әsker jinaqtaugha búiyrdy», - [16] dep kórsetilip, Abylaydyng aldyna qoyghan maqsatyna jetude berik sheshim qabyldaghandyghyn odan ary aighaqtay týsedi.
Mine osynday kelisim arqyly jongharlardyng arasynda әli de bedeli bolghan Ámirsanany qolday otyra kóregen sayasatker Abylay súltan ony sonymen qatar Qytaymen eki aradaghy qorghan retinde paydalanbaq bolghandyghy belgili. Osylarmen birge Ámirsanany Qytaydyng ústap beru turaly talabyn kez -kelgen uaqytta oryndauymen Qytay yqpalynda ketip qalghan qazaqtardyng tarihy jerlerin qaratu da Abylaydyng josparynda boldy. «Uaqyt óte kele jaghday ózgerip, qytay әsker basylary jaulary tarapynan ýnemi soqqygha úshyray otyra jongharlar jerinen shabuyl jasaugha mәjbýr boldy. Mine osylay atalghan joryq ta sәtsizdikpen ayaq¬taldy» [6.74-75]. Yaghni, sol merzimdegi tarihy derekterden aiqyndala týsetinindey Ámir¬¬sana men Abylaydyng birikken qoldary kýshi basym qytay әskerlerine oidaghyday soqqy bergen. «Alayda Qytay әsker basy Fude kópsandy atty әskermen olardyng artynan ere otyra, Han (Abylay han,-Gh.Q.) men súltandargha kimde-kim satqyn Ámirsanagha pana beretin bolsa imperiyanyng jauyna ainalatyndyghyn jariyalap, Jonghariya siyaqty qarudyng kýshimen jazalanatyndyghyn eskertti» [6.77-78]. Osyghan oray «Ámir¬sananyng Abylay súltannyng kóshi ónirinde tyghylyp jýrgenin bilgen otryad (qytay otryady,-Gh.Q.) Orta jýzge bet aldy»[5.296].
Conymen birge Abylay súltannyng Reseymen aradaghy qatynasyn eskergen Qytay ýkimeti Reseymen tynysh jaghdaydy da saqtaghysy keldi. Sondyqtan da «... 1756 jyldyng sonynda Pekinnen Peterburgke ...Ámirsana qazaqtargha qashqan satqyn ekendigi, songhylaryna (qazaqtargha,-Gh.Q.) ony jәne jaqtastaryn ústap berudi talap etken әsker attandyrylghany turaly habar berilgen hat jiberildi» [9.301].
Odan arghy tarihy oqighalar kórsetkenindey: «...Ayagóz audanynda qazaqtardyng qytaylarmen songhy shayqasy ótti. Tamyzgha qaray qytaylar Semey bekinisi audanynda Ertiske deyin jetti. Qazaq biyleushileri Jonghariyany qalpyna keltiru ýshin kýresting keleshegining joq eken¬digin týsine bastady. Abylay, Ábilpeyiz súl¬tan¬dar men Qojabergen batyr qytaylarmen kelis¬sóz jýrgizip, ózderining jenilgenin moyyndady, Sin imperiyasymen sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq baylanystardy jolgha qoygha tilek bildirdi. Qy¬tay әskery basshylyghy Abylaygha Pekinge elshi¬lik jiberudi úsyndy, oghan súltan kelisti jәne 1757 jyldyng qyrkýie¬ginde Han¬jiger men Ómir¬tay bastaghan elshilik jiberdi. Imperatordyng qabyldauy kezinde qazaq elshi¬leri, bir jaghynan, ózderining 1756-57 jyldardaghy Qytaygha qarsy qimyldaryn qatelik jәne Ámirsananyng aramdyghy dep týsindirdi, ekinshi jaghynan, Tarbaghataydy ózderining zandy qonystary dep jariyalap, ony qazaqtargha berudi talap etti.
... Qazaqstannyng Qytaymen búdan keyingi qatynastary negizgi eki mәselege baylanysty boldy. Birinshisi jәne eng manyzdysy jer mәse¬lesi edi. Qazaqtar jayylymdardy, әsirese Er¬tis pen Ile angharyndaghy jәne Tarbaghataydaghy bay jerlerdi qaytaryp alugha úmtyldy. Al sinder búryn Jonghariyagha qaraghan barlyq jerge dәmelendi» [2.250,251].
Qazaq elshilerimen bolghan osy kezdesude Qytay әkimshiligi Abylay hangha hat joldap, onda: »Abylay, sender shalghayda jatqan bóten elsin¬der. Eger senderge mongholgha jasaghanday ishki jasaq tәrtibin qoldansaq, qysym kórip qalasyndar. Demek, búrynghy salt-jýiele-rinde bola berinder ... Elshi jiberip, patshagha sәlem berip túrsandar, raqym kóresinder.
Al, sening elshing bizge jetkizgen : «Tarbaghatay tegin¬de bizding bayyrghy jaylauymyz edi, sol jer¬di patsha bizge berse» degen sózge kelsek, búl jerler jana ghana tynyshtandyryl¬ghan. Áli iyen jatqan ónir.
Patsha, әsili, ol jerdi senderge qiyp bere salushy edi, biraq sender bizge enbek sinirgen joqsyndar, ebin tauyp el bolyp alghansyndar. Sondyqtan , ol jerlerdi senderge sigha bere salu memleketting tәrtibine qighash keledi.
Sender eger, búryn aitqanday, Ámirsanany tút¬qyndap әkelip beretin bolsandar, onda ol jer¬lerdi jarylqap beruge bolady», - [17] degen talap qoyyldy.
Tarihy derekter men múraghat qújattarynan aiqyndala týsetinindey, osy merzimdegi qazaq eli men Sin imperiyasy arasyndaghy aldaghy iske asyrylatyn qatynastyng barlyghy da Abylaydyng Ámirsanany Qytaygha ústap beru isimen baylanystyryldy. Qytay ýkimeti búl talapqa erekshe manyz berip, qazaq handyghyna naqty talaptar qoyylyp, oryndalmaytyn bolsa әskery kýsh kórsetiletindigi aiqyndaldy. Atap ait¬qanda 1757 jyldy 1 qyr¬kýieginde Sin imperatory qazaq hany Abylaygha: »Aytugha qaraghanda, býlikshi (Ámirsana ) bizding jerge qashyp kelgen bolsa, dereu ústap, tapsyramyz depsiz, men búl sózinizge kәmil senemin. Siz qazir mem¬leke¬timizding mәdeniyetine peyil berip, adaldyqpen baghynyshtylyq bildirip otyrsyz. Biraq mynany úghynuynyz lazym: Jongharlar jaylaghan jerlerding barlyghy da bizding iyeligimiz. Al siz óz eli¬nizding topyraghyn qapysyz qorghanyz. Bizding iyeligimizge bey-bereket soqtyghushy bolmanyz,» [18] - degen mәlimdeme jasap, ózining jongharlardan bosaghan jerge degen úm¬tylysyn eskertti. Al búl Jonghar handyghynyng kezinde basyp alghan qazaqtardyng Orta jý¬zi rularynyng tarihy mekenderi - Altay, Tarbaghatay, Zaysan kóli, Qara Ertis ónirlerining Qytaygha ketetindigin bildirdi. Yaghni, osy arqyly qazaq jerine bólshektenu, halqyna ydyrau qaupi tóndirildi.
Abylay ýnemi qamqorlyqqa alyp, kómektesip kelgen, osy merzimdegi qazaq-qytay qatynasynyng shiyelenisuine әkelgen Ámirsana, onyng shyghu tegi, Qytay imperiyasy jәne qazaqtarmen jýrgizgen sayasaty turaly Shәkәrim Qúday¬berdiúly tómen¬degi¬dey derekter beredi: »Ghaldan han ólgen song ózge aghayynnyng balalary sol sózdi syltau etip, (Halyq auzyndaghy mәli¬met negizindegi Shәkәrimning jazuynsha Ámir¬sana Ghaldannyng balasy emes, onyng әke¬si qa¬zaq¬tyng Úly jýzining batyry Tóleky degen sóz taraghan, al Ámirsananyng sheshesi Qytaydyng Ejin hanynyng qyzy bolghan,-Gh.Q.), Ámirsana qazaqtyng balasy dep han qoymay, qalmaqtyng kóbi ózgelerine qosylyp, han qoymaghan son, Ámir¬sana naghashysy Ejin hangha barypty. Ejin han búl jaqtaghy qytaylardyng bastyqtaryna -qalmaqty Ámirsanagha qaratyp ber dese-Qytay kelip, qalmaqty shauyp, byt-shyt qylyp tozdyryp jibergen son, Ámirsana-elimdi tozdyr de¬genim joq, - dep Qytaydyng әskerimen jaulasyp, qashyp Abylaygha keledi. Abylay Qytay kelip qala ma dep, jer shola ýsh myng kisimen bar¬sa, osy Ayakóz ózeninde jolyghypty. Neghyp jýrsing dese-Ámirsana sende, sony bermeseng qazaqty shabamyz,-degen son, ne qylaryn bile almay, Ámirsanany ýsh kýnge sheyin tauyp bermek bolyp, qaytyp kelip, qytay әskeri joq dese Ámirsana Abylaygha: - sen Qytaygha jolyqtyn, biraq meni bererindi, iә qazaqty shapqyzaryndy bilmey otyrsyng ghoy. Meni Qytaygha ber, biraq eki sóz aitayyn, әueli meni aldym dep hat beresin. Soghan toqsan jaqsy kisining barmaghyn siyalap, mór ornyna basqyzyp al, mórden tanar, qol syzyghynan tana almas. Ekinshi, men de han balasymyn ... jәne Ejinning jiyenimin ghoy, óz aldyna alyp barghansha baylamay, kýzetip bos alyp bar dep tilek qyl dedi.
Abylay Ámirsananyng aitqanyn qyldy da Qytaygha berdi. Bylay shyqqan son, ýsh kýn ótpey, Ámirsana birtúman kýni qashyp ketip jәne Abylaygha kelgen son, Abylay ústap túra almay, orystyng Ekaterina ekinshi degen qatyn patshasyna jiberipti. Qytaylar qaytyp kelip súrasa, Abylay ózderine bergenmin, degen song qaytyp ketipti.
Orys patshasy Ámirsanagha qalghan qalmaqtardy qaratyp ber dep, kóp әsker jibergende, jolda Ámirsanagha sheshek shyghyp ólgen son, orys әskerleri qaytyp ketipti» [19]. Búl derekti «Ózine hasaqtardan (qazaqtardan,-Gh.Q.) qauip¬sizdik taba almaghan Ámirsana eriksizden On¬týstik Sibirding tauyna ketip, osynda ózining ómirin ayaqtaghan»[6.78], degen sol merzimdegi naqty tariy¬hy mәlimet dәleldey týsedi.
«Alghashynda Davasidyng odaqtasy jәne dosy, odan keyin qas jauyna ainalghan , aldymen óz halqyn satyp, Sin imperiyasy jaghyna ótken, al odan keyingi eki jyl boyy jaulaushylargha qarsy azatttyq soghysyn bastaghan, osy azattyq kýresting tuyna ainalghan adam ózining az ghana, alayda tynymsyz ómirin (35 jyl ghana ómir sýrgen) ayaqtady» [9.302].

Yaghni, ózining Ámirsanamen eki aradaghy birles¬ken qimyldaryna qarsy qazaq júrtyna Qytay imperiyasy tarapynan jogharyda atalghanday ashyq qysym kórsetiluine oray halqynyng bolashaq taghdyryn, jerining týgeldigin saqtaudy oilaghan Abylay orayy kelgen qadamgha baryp, Ámirsanany ústap beruge kelisti. Alayda bergen sózine adal ol búl iske tikeley ózi ara¬las¬pa¬dy da. Qazaq-sin biyligi arasyndaghy qatynastaghy osydan keyingi qadamdar men Qytaygha jasalghan qazaq elshilikteri talaptarynyng oryndaluy elimizding HVIII ghasyrdyng ortasyndaghy Qytay basqynshylyghyna qarsy kýresin¬degi oryn alghan Abylaydyng Ámirsana¬men uaqytsha bolsa da odaqtastyq qyzmetining ondy ornyn aiqynday týsetindigi belgili.
Jogharydaghy oryn alghan oqighalardan keyin Abylay eline aldynghy ghasyrlyq kezende sonshama qasiret әkelgen jongharlardy tolyghymen talqandau maqsatynda olargha qarsy birden sәtti joryq úiymdastyrdy. Tarihy qújattar bayanday týsetinindey: «1757 jyly súltan Abylay jәne batyr Qoshqarbay bastaghan Orta Ordanyng (Orta jýzdin,-Gh. Q.) qyrghyzdary Altaygha basyp kirip, kópsandy tútqyn tólengitterdi (tólenget- Altay qalmaqtary,- Zobnin F.) alyp ketti» [20]. Búl mәlimet Abylaydyng belgili maqsatqa jetudegi jekelegen qadamdargha baru arqyly týpki jospary - syrt¬qy jaulargha degen tolyq jeniske jetkenge deyin¬gi ymyrasyzdyghyn pash etti. Sonymen qa¬tar atalghan joryqtaghy tabys onyng әskery ký¬shining quattylyghyn Qytay imperiyasyna da kór¬setip berdi. Mine sondyqtan da Abylaydyng óskery kýshin sezinip, ony óz yqpalynan shygharmau maqsatynda »boghdyhan Orta jýz qazaqtaryna «jonghar jerlerin» bermek boldy»[11. 211].
Osydan keyingi birneshe ret oryn alghan elshilik uaghdalastyqtardyng nәtiyjesinde qazaq júrtyna asa qajetti bolghan Qytaymen aradaghy qatynas, sonyng ishinde jer mәselesi eki jaqty kelisimder arqyly qazaqtar ýshin tiyimdilik jaghdayynda sheshimin tapty. «Mәselen, qazaq elshilikteri 1757 jyly Tarbaghataygha, 1759 jyly - Ertisting joghary aghysyndaghy jerlerge, 1760 jyly Ilening joghary aghysyna óz qúqyqtarynyng tanyluyna qol jetkizdi. Qytaylar búghan kelisip, qazaqtargha zandy týrde tiyesili jerlerdi jonghar kóterilisshilerine qar¬sy kýreste kómek kórsetuge uәde bergeni ýshin qaytaryp berdi» [2.251. Osynday kóregen de batyl sayasatynyng nәtiyjesi arqyly Abylaydyng esimi barsha júrtyna úran bolyp tarady. Tipti ... «Qytaylyqtardyng arasyndaghy onyng esimine degen qúrmetting tereng ketkendigi sonday, onyng jekelegen úrpaqtaryna (Abylay qaytys bolghannan keyin de,-Gh.Q.) silyqtar ji¬berip túrdy» [21].
Qoryta aitqanda «...qyrghyz rysarlyghynyng ghasyry bolyp tabylatyn» [1.124] HVIII ghasyrdaghy qazaq halqynyng auyr da batyrlyqqa toly tarihyndaghy elin basqaryp, júrtynyng amandyghy men territoriyasynyng tútastyghyn saqtauda ómirsheng de batyl sayasatty jýrgizip, onyng ondy qorytyndylaryna jetken Abylaydyng kemenger de zor túlghasy barsha úrpaghyna maqtan bolyp tabylady. «Halyqtyng erik-jigerining tastýiin birligi, - dep jazdy N. Á. Nazarbaev atalghan baghytta,- Abylay hannyng bir basynda beynelendi. Batyrlarymen tize qosyp, qaharmandyqtyng tamasha ýlgilerin kórsetken, sóitip halyqtyng úitqysy bolghan Abylay hannyng erlikteri sonau qatal zamanda qazaq ruhyn qayta týletuding bir altyn dingegine ainaldy» [22].
Osy túrghydaghy elimizding azattyq jolyndaghy kýres kezeninen ózining naqty nәtiyje¬li¬li¬gi¬men belgili oryn alatyn HVIII ghasyr or¬ta¬¬syn¬daghy qazaq elining syrtqy sayasatta¬ghy kýshi basym Sin imperiyasy basqynshylyghyna qarsy osynday diplomatiyalyq, әskery әreketi Abylay tarapynan iske asyrylghan ondy da qajetti qimyl bolghandyghyn halqymyzdyng odan keyingi damu tarihy dәleldey týsti.
Yaghni, Abylaydyng asa qaharly jaugha qarsy qazaq batyrlarynyng basyn qosuy jәne sonymen birge Ámirsanamen aradaghy óz¬ara qajetti birlesken әreketting nәtiyje¬sinde:
- Sin imperiyasyna egerde úiymdasqan, birlesken jaghdayda kóshpendiler kýshining eselep artyp, soghys qimyldarynyng úzaqqa sozyluy jәne de eleuli túrghyda shyghyn әke¬le¬tindigi belgili boldy, sondyqtan Sin armiyasy shabuylyn toqtatyp, basyp alghan jerlerin qaytaryp beruge mәjbýr boldy, qazaqtarmen odan arghy jasalghan qatynas¬tyng barlyq týri elshilikter arqyly sheshile bastady;
- Atalghan merzimdegi jonghar, әsirese Qy¬tay imperiyasy tarapynan jasalghan elining tәuel¬sizdigi, halqynyng amandyghyna tóngen qauipting betin qaytarar kýsh barlyq júrtynyng biriguinde ekendigin aqsýiekter, batyrlar, barsha qazaq qoghamy úghyna bildi. Osy oqiy¬ghalardan keyin qazaq qauymynyng Abylaydyng manayyna toptasuy qarqyndy týr¬de iske asyryla bastady;
- Abylaydyng batyrlarynyng basyn qo¬syp, sonymen birge Ámirsanany kómekke alyp, birneshe ret kýshi basym sin әskerle¬rine toytarys berui el ishinde jәne kórshi ha¬lyqtar, tipti jaulary tarapynan Qazaq han¬dyghynyng quattylyghyn, Abylaydyng eli tanyghan memlekettik qayratker, daryndy da er¬jýrek әskery qolbasshy retindegi ornyn aiqyndady;
- Onyng osynday bedeli qazaq elin qorshay jatqan qos imperiya biyleushileri arasynda óse týsti. Eki jaq ta (Resey, Qytay) ony óz jaqtaryna tartugha barsha sharalardy qoldandy. Negizinen Abylaydyng olargha qoyghan talaptary oryndalyp, onymen ýnemi sanasulary qamtamasyz etildi;
- Nәtiyjesinde eki imperiya arasyndaghy qazaq elinde Abylay qaytys bolghangha deyin halqymyzdyng birligi, jerding tútastyghy, sonymen qatar dalalyq biylik jýiesi saqtalynyp keldi.

http://akikatkaz.kz/?p=88#more-88