Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev ministrlikke joghary oqu oryndarynyng akademiyalyq derbestigin odan әri keneytu boyynsha júmysty jýrgizudi tapsyrdy.

2018 jyly joghary oqu oryndaryna akademiyalyq jәne basqarushylyq erkindik beretin zang qabyldandy. Osy zannyng jobasyna jauapty bolghanmyn, sondyqtan ony qabyldau qanshalyqty manyzdy qadam bolghanyn jaqsy bilemin. Odan beri eki jyl ótti. Qazirgi uaqytta osy baghyttaghy júmysty odan әri jalghastyru qajettiligin bayqap otyrmyz.

Osy rette ministrlikting qanday úsynystary bar?

Joghary bilim beru jýiesin odan әri janghyrtugha jәne onyng bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyrugha negiz bolatyn «Joghary bilim berudi damytudyng daghdarysqa qarsy jospary» әzirlendi.

Ýsh qadamdy qamtityn jospardy sarapshylar toby aghymdaghy jyldyng nauryz aiynan beri talqylap jatyr. Endi tolyghyraq toqtalsam.

Birinshi qadam:

1) Bilim beruge biznes pen óndiris ókilderin, sheteldik oqytushylardy tartu, óniraralyq dengeyde mamandardyng almasuyn yntalandyru óte manyzdy. Bilim beru jýiesi bilim alushylardy naryq talaptaryna say dayyndap, odan qalys qalmaugha barynsha tyrysuy tiyis. Osyghan baylanysty dәrejelilikke, shtatqa, biliktilikti arttyrugha jәne bazalyq bilim beruge qatysty talaptardy qayta qarau qajet dep sanaymyn. Búl ólshemderdi joy mindeti túrghan joq, degenmen olar joghary oqu oryndarynyng erkindigin shektemeui kerek. Atap aitsaq, meyramhana isi, buhgalteriya, turizm, qyzmet kórsetu, qarjy, IT, jurnalistika, qoghammen baylanys, standarttau jәne sertifikattau siyaqty oqytu baghyttary boyynsha shtattyq talaptar men dәrejelilikti talap etuding mәni joq, sәikesinshe búl praktikterdi oqytushylyqqa tartu ýrdisin qiyndatady.

2) Dәstýrli kýndizgi oqumen ýilesetin qashyqtan jәne aralas oqytu týrlerin engizu. Naqty qay formatta oqitynyn studentting ózi tandaytyn bolady. Úsynylatyn oqu týri kóktemde bolghan jaghdaydan ózgeshe bolmaq, óitkeni, qashyqtan oqytu nysany bastapqyda uaqytsha sheshim retinde engizildi. Áriyne, búl júmystardy oqytushylardy qayta dayarlaumen jәne bilim beru baghdarlamalaryn janartumen úshtastyru qajet. Qashyqtan oqytu nysanyn tolyq beyimdeu ýshin zannamalyq ózgerister qajet.

3) Sonday-aq JBP sikli boyynsha tiptik oqu baghdarlamalaryn naqty oqytu nәtiyjeleri kórsetilgen shekti formatta qaldyru úsynylady. Ol nәtiyjelerge JBP iygeru qorytyndylary boyynsha qol jetkizu qajet bolady.

Býgingi tanda tiptik baghdarlamalarda tek nәtiyjeler ghana emes, sonymen birge olargha qol jetkizu әdisteri de sipattalady. Ministrlik búghan aralaspauy kerek, akademiyalyq erkindik tolyqqandy boluy tiyis.

4) Kóp úzamay doktoranttar da basqa studentter siyaqty jana oqu jylyn bastaydy. Býgingi normativtik aktilerge sәikes doktoranttar oqudyng birinshi semestrinde dissertasiyalarynyng taqyrybyn bekituleri kerek. Búl is jýzinde ghylymy zertteuding baghytyn anyqtauda qolaysyzdyq tudyrady. Doktorant pen onyng jetekshisi dissertasiya taqyrybyn bekitu merzimin júmystyng pysyqtaluyna qaray ózderi anyqtauy tiyis. Bilim men ghylymda formaldy kózqaras bolmauy kerek! Búl doktoranttardyng jeke oqu josparlaryn (JOJ) bekitu merzimderine de qatysty. BGhM múnday qújattardyng merzimderi men mazmúnyn aiqyndamauy tiyis. Biz joghary oqu oryndaryndaghy eseptilikti azaytu ýshin odan әri júmysty jalghastyratyn bolamyz.

5) OJSB-ny joy. Baqylaudyng búl týri eshqashan asa tiyimdi bolghan emes. Akademiyalyq derbestigi keneygen әrbir JOO óz bilim beru baghdarlamasyn dayyndaghanda OJSB-nyng is jýzinde qajettiligi joq.

Baghdarlamanyng ekinshi qadamy:

Qazirgi uaqytta BGhM men joghary oqu oryndarynyng mindeti – bilim beru sapasynyng joghary dengeyin qamtamasyz etip qana qoymay, bilim alushylardyng qarjylyq jýktemesin de azaytu. Men qazirding ózinde joghary oqu oryndarynda oqu aqysyn kótermeu turaly úsynys jasadym. Búl túrghyda joghary oqu oryndaryna da jaghday jasau kerek.

Osyghan baylanysty daghdarysqa qarsy sharalardyng kelesi paketi úsynylady:

1. Joghary oqu ornynyng aqyly negizde bir bilim alushygha shyghatyn eng tómengi shyghyndary men grant qúnynyng araqatynasy boyynsha talaptyng kýshin jong. Memlekettik grant qúny artty. Sondyqtan, joghary oqu oryndarynyng bagha sayasatyna búl keri әser etpeui tiyis.

2. Mindetti týrde ghylymy dәrejesining boluy jónindegi talaptar men tәjiriybege baghdarlanghan dayarlyq baghyttary ýshin shtatta júmys isteu boyynsha qoyylatyn talaptardy joy.

3. Oqytushylar sanynyng studentter sanyna qatynasy boyynsha talaptardy joy. Bilim berudi damytudyng jana jaghdaylarynda búl talap ózektiligin joyyp otyr.

4. Qorytyndy baqylau nysany boyynsha talaptyng kýshin jong. Qarjy, buhgalterlik esep, IT, meyramhana isi baghyttary boyynsha oqu nәtiyjeleri diplomdyq júmyspen emes, naqty tәjiriybedegi júmys daghdylarymen, demonstrasiyalyq emtihandarmen nemese jobalarmen rastalady. Búl keybir JOO-da tek «bar bolsa boldy» degen qaghidamen jazylghan kurstyq júmystargha da qatysty.

5. Pandemiya kezeninde oqudy bitirgennen keyin bir jyl ishinde júmysqa ornalasu turaly talap tek taldau jýrgizu ýshin eskeriletin bolady. Endigi kezekte biz týlekterding júmysqa ornalasuyn ghana emes, sonymen qatar osy týlekterding jana júmys oryndaryn ashuyn da eskeretin bolamyz.

6. JOO iyelenui tiyis materialdyq aktivterding týrleri boyynsha talaptardy qayta qarau qajet. Aktivterding týrleri emes, bilim beru sapasyn qamtamasyz etu ýshin qajet jaghdaylardyng boluy asa manyzdy.

Baghdarlamanyng ýshinshi qadamy:

Eng bastysy, bilim sapasyn baqylau qajet. BGhM «shansorghysh» joghary oqu oryndaryn anyqtau sayasatyn jalghastyra berui tiyis. Keyde júmystaryn adal atqaryp jýrgen joghary oqu oryndary da memlekettik baqylaudyng qatang sayasatynan zardap shegedi. Osyghan baylanysty búryn-sondy ÚQSK otyrysynda aitylghan joghary oqu oryndaryn ligalar boyynsha saralau boyynsha úsynys qoldau tapty.

Birinshi sanatqa halyqaralyq dengeyde bәsekege qabiletti JOO-lar enedi. Olar ýshin basty kriyteriy – ghylymy zertteulerding joghary dengeyde boluy. Olar – ghylym salasy bilim beru baghdarlamalaryna ýn qosatyn jәne el ekonomikasyna әser etetin joghary oqu oryndary. Múnday joghary oqu oryndarynda akademiyalyq erkindik 100% bolady. Memlekettik baqylaudan bosatu olargha tekseru júmystaryna alandamaugha mýmkindik beredi. Olarda tolyq senim bildiru prezumpsiyasy bolady.

Ekinshi sanatqa últtyq dengeydegi bәsekege qabiletti joghary oqu oryndary enedi. Olar birinshi sanattaghy joghary oqu oryndarymen birdey akademiyalyq erkindik dengeyine ie bolady. Sonday-aq olar da tekserulerden bosatylady.

Ýshinshi sanat boyynsha. Ónirlik JOO respublikalyq dengeyde bәsekelese almaydy, alayda, ónirlerdegi studentter ýshin tiyisti dengeyde bilim beredi jәne oqytu barysynda «ózinin» bilim alushysyna baghdarlanady. Ónirlik nemese salalyq joghary oqu oryndary (ýshinshi sanat) ýlken akademiyalyq erkindik kólemine ie bolady. Búl joghary oqu oryndarynda tәuekelderdi baghalau jýiesi boyynsha ghana tekseris jýrgiziletin bolady.

Al qalghan JOO-lar tórtinshi sanatqa enetin bolady. Olar tolyq kólemde memlekettik baqylaugha tartylady, sapa men senimning tómen dengeyde boluyna baylanysty olargha qatysty kóptegen talaptar men normalar qoldanylatyn bolady.

Joghary oqu oryndaryn tórt sanat boyynsha saralau negizinde joghary oqu oryndaryndaghy bilim men ghylymnyng sapasyn arttyrudaghy bәsekelestigi jatyr, al bәsekelestik, ózderiniz biletindey, әrqashan paydaly.

Jalpy alghanda, biz osy ýsh qadamdy jýzege asyru elimizdegi joghary bilim beru salasyna qosymsha serpin beretindigine senimdimiz. Al, akademiyalyq erkindikting arqasynda bilim beruding naqty tiyimdiligine negizdelgen bәsekelestik joghary oqu oryndarynyng sapasyn jaqsartady jәne nәtiyjesinde olardyng týlekterine odan әri bәsekege qabiletti bolugha kómektesedi dep sanaymyz, sonyng ishinde halyqaralyq dengeyde.

Men búl úsynystardyng әrtýrli qabyldanuy mýmkin ekendigin týsinemin. Degenmen, qazirgi uaqytta osynday sheshimder qabyldanuy qajet dep sanaymyn. Biz bir-birimizge, joghary oqu oryndaryna, studentterge jәne oqytushylargha barynsha senim artuymyz kerek. Tek osylay ghana ong ózgeristerge qol jetkizuge bolady.

Ashat Aymaghambetov,

QR Bilim jәne ghylym ministri.

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