Jendetting qúpiya haty
Biyl sayasy repressiyagha - 75 jyl. Qazaq tarihynyng qandy da, qasirette paraqtary bolyp últ jýregi men jadyna qaraly tanba bolyp týsken 1937-1938 jyldar býtin halyqtyng bar asyly - ziyalylary men túlghalarynan aiyrghan qan qasap kezeng boldy.
«Abay-aqparattyq» portaly repressiya jyldaryna qatysty tarihy qújattar men materialdardy beruin jalghastyrady. Onyng kezektisi - tómendegi NKVD qyzmetkerining qúpiya haty
«Abay-aqparat»
Búl hat 1939 jyldyng tamyz aiynda jazylghan. Osy kezde Kenes ýkimetindegi 1937-38 jyldardaghy «ýlken terror» bitip, ony jýrgizgen ejovshylardyng ornyna beriyashyldar kelip, ejovshyl oryndaushylardy jazalau nauqany jýrgizilip jatqan kez.
Biyl sayasy repressiyagha - 75 jyl. Qazaq tarihynyng qandy da, qasirette paraqtary bolyp últ jýregi men jadyna qaraly tanba bolyp týsken 1937-1938 jyldar býtin halyqtyng bar asyly - ziyalylary men túlghalarynan aiyrghan qan qasap kezeng boldy.
«Abay-aqparattyq» portaly repressiya jyldaryna qatysty tarihy qújattar men materialdardy beruin jalghastyrady. Onyng kezektisi - tómendegi NKVD qyzmetkerining qúpiya haty
«Abay-aqparat»
Búl hat 1939 jyldyng tamyz aiynda jazylghan. Osy kezde Kenes ýkimetindegi 1937-38 jyldardaghy «ýlken terror» bitip, ony jýrgizgen ejovshylardyng ornyna beriyashyldar kelip, ejovshyl oryndaushylardy jazalau nauqany jýrgizilip jatqan kez.
Hatty jazghan sol kezdegi Kuybyshev oblysy boyynsha NKVD-nyng oper ókili P.K.Filihiyn. Ol ózining partiyalas basshysy Jdanovqa jazghan hatynda 1937-38 jyldary «halyq jaularyn» atqan, úrghan, azaptaghan kezde erekshe jýike sharshauynda bolsa da, sol júmystardy erekshe janqiyarlyqpen adal atqarghanyn, sol kezderde jan tebirenterlik sezimderde bolsa da partiya men ýkimet ýshin istegen adal qyzmetin beriyashyldardyng baghalamay jatqanyn jazady. "Meni Kuybyshev obkomynyng birinshi hatshysy N.G.Ignatovtyng ózi aiyptap otyr emes pe? Kýnine pәlenbay halyq jaularyn atamyn dep shýrippeni basa, basa qolym sharshaydy, kýni boyy qangha batqan qolym men qan sasyghan boyymdy juu ýshin qyzmet sonynda osynday maqsatqa dep arnayy bólingen spirtti ishkenim ýshin meni maskýnem dep aiyptaydy. Búl baryp túrghan әdiletsizdik emes pe",- deydi Filihiyn.
IYә, P.K.Filihinning hatyn oqyghan kezde ony ayap ta ketesin. Biraq, osy filihindar ayaugha túratyndar ma? Al, filihindargha búiryq bergen jdanovtar, ignatovtar she? Naghyz qanisher jendetter osy búiryq berushiler emes pe? Osy jdanovtar, ignatovtar stalindik partiya men ýkimetting atynan ózderin býkil bir eldin, últtyng ary men aqyly, tuy, kósemi sanap filihandardan ótken qanisherler, jendetter boldy emes pe?! 1937-38 jyldary eki jyldyq «ýlken terrordy» úiymdastyrghandar izin suytpay dereu barlyq kinәni Ejov pen onyng qyzmetkerlerine, naqty aitqanda bar kinәni shýrippeni basushylargha audara saldy. Solar ghana sottaldy, atyldy....
P.K.Filihinning hatyna Jdanovtyng jauap bergeni, bermegeni belgisiz. Sirә, jauap bolmaghan. Onyng taghdyry da belgisiz. Atylyp ketken bolar nemese basqa jaza alsa kerek.
Búl hat Uliyanov oblysynyng «Bozdaqtar» kitabynda basylghan.
Óte qúpiya Seriya «K»
Býkilodaqtyq Kommunistik partiyanyng (bolisheviktik) Ortalyq Komiytetining hatshysy Jdanov joldasqa
Qúrmetti Jdanov joldas!
Mening sizge aitayyn dep otyrghanym jalghyz maghan qatysty emes. Dәl osy jaghday NKVD-nyng kóptegen qyzmetkerlerinin, әsirese eski chekisterining basyna tónip otyr. Bizderge kinәli bolmasaq ta kinәli dep aiyp taghuda. Basynan bastap aitayyn.
Osy jyldyng 25-shildesinde meni Kuybyshev oblysy boyynsha UNKVD-ng kadrlar bólimine shaqyrdy. 26-shilde kýni alystaghy shetten kelgen, kýni boyy úiyqtamaghan meni kadrlar bólimining kensesinde keshke deyin ústap «erteng kel» degen bir auyz sózben shygharyp saldy. Ekinshi kýni, yaghny 27 shildede kadrlar bólimining bastyghy Neudobnov joldas mening VKP(b) obkomynyng burosyna shaqyrylghanymdy aitty. 28 shildede obkomnyng burosy maghan mynaday 4 aiyp taqty:
1. Shirkeu starostasynyng balasy bolghanym;
2. Aqgvardiyashyl aghamnyng bolghany ýshin;
3. 1933-1938 jyldary Uliyanovskide oper ókili bolyp istegen kezimde revolusiyalyq zandylyqty búzghandyghym, yaghny tergeu kezderinde tútqyndardy túrghyzyp qoyyp azaptau amaldaryn qoldanghandyghym;
4. Maskýnemdigim.
Buroda menimen óte dóreki, qúddy ómir boyy týzelmeytin qylmysker bolghan adam siyaqty sóilesti. Mysaly, Egorov joldas maghan: «úsqynyna qarap-aq maskýnem ekening kórinip túr» dedi. Melikov joldas: "ósek-jala jabushy" dedi.
Men VKP(b) 1925 jyldan mýshesimin, eshqashan onyng jolynan tayghan adam emespin, eshqanday partiyalyq jazam bolghan emes. Qyzyl Armiya men OGPU-NKVD qatarynda 20 jylday adal qyzmet istedim. Biraq obkomnyng buro mýshelerining eshqaysysy osy úzaq ta adal qyzmetimdi kózge de ilmedi, amalsyzdan sizge osy hatty jazyp otyrmyn.
Birinshi jәne ekinshi aiyptaudy esepke almaymyn, olardy mayda-shýida dep sanaymyn. Shyqqan әleumettik tegim talay ret tekserilgen, eshqashan ózining jer telimi bolmaghan sharua batraqtyng balasy ekenim aidan anyq.
Obkom hatshysy Ignatov joldas maghan qayta-qayta shýiilip «tútqyndardy kim úrdy?» dep qadalyp súrap qoymady. Ignatov joldastyng osy súraghyna tang qalamyn. Ignatov joldas 1937-38 jyldardaghy revolusiyalyq zandylyqtyng qalay qorghalghanyn basqa júrttan artyq biledi. Ózi eski chekist, NKVD organdarynyng júmysymen jaqsy tanys. Tergeu júmystarynda qaralghan isterding barlyghy ýshtikting qarauymen, yaghny ózining qatysuymen (VKP b-ng hatshysy retinde) sheshiledi.
UNKVD apparattarynda tútqyndardyng úryp-soghylatynyn, birneshe kýnder boyy túrghyzyp qoyylatynyn ózi jaqsy biledi, sebebi qalalyq, audandyq apparattardyng qyzmetteri olardyng kóz aldarynda ótedi. Múnyng barlyghy sonymen birge oblystyq jәne qalalyq prokuraturalargha da mәlim.
Tútqyndardy biren-saran zúlym qanisher tergeushiler ghana azaptady deuge bolmaydy. Búl jappay oblystyq basshylyqtan bastap, eng tómengi NKVD qyzmetkerlerine deyin qoldanatyn, osylay istegeni ýshin marapattalatyn is boldy. Halyq jaularynan tazartu ýshin (onshyl troskiyshilerden, fashisterden t.b.) qanday amal qoldansang da erking bar degen núsqau boldy.
Osy qoldanylghan әdister dúrys dep tanyldy. Bizding Uliyanovsk oblysyna Mәskeuden kelgen NKVD Basqarmasynyng ókilderi Juravlev, Bocharov, Podoliskiy bizding aldymyzgha osy tapsyrmalardy qoydy. Olar Mәskeude de osy әdisterdi qoldanamyz, talay adamdardy «sóiletkenbiz» dep maqtandy. Dәl osy sózderdi keyinirek kelgen Andronov pen Kuznesov ta aitty. Kuznesov «men Bocharovpen Sibirde qyzmettes bolghan kezimde talay kisini atqanmyn, tiriley kómgenmin» dep aitty.
Osynday iri basshylardyng ne istegenin kórip otyrghan biz siyaqty qarapayym oryndaushylardan ne súraugha bolady?
Partiya úiymy meni moralidyq jaghynan qoldaudyng ornyna menen syrt berip kýtu pozisiyasyn ústandy. Filihinning isi nemen ayaqtalady, ony aqtaydy ma, әlde qaralay ma eken dep kýtip otyr. Menimen eshkim sóilespeydi. Andronov meni kórgen sayyn «dostaryng týrmede otyr, jauap berip jatyr» dep ylghy keketedi. Kýn sayyn, minut sayyn meni qashan ústap ójirege aparyp atyp tastaydy degen ýreymen jýrmin.
Mening ýstimnen is qozghalghangha deyin, eski chekist retinde biz qoldanyp jatqan tergeu әdisterimen kelispey keldim, qoldanghan emespin. Biraq, osy ortagha týskennen keyin kýn sayyn adam balasy kóne almaytyn jýike azabyna týsuim (tútqyndaydy, atyp tastaydy degen) mening moralidyq kýiime әserin tiygizip, men de basqalar siyaqty azaptau әdisterin qoldana bastadym. Osy jaghday basqa da eski chekisterding basyna týsip otyr. Keybir oblystardan kelgen habarlar boyynsha olardyng birazy atylyp tastalghan.Endi býgingi kýni sottalghandargha azaptau amaldaryn qoldanghanymyz ýshin bizdi kinәlaydy. Biz partiyanyng osy qyzmetti oryndau ýshin jibergen jәy adamdarymyz. Bizding maqsatymyz - partiya men Kenes ýkimetining jaularyn izdep tauyp olardy jong. Meyli ol dúshpandar NKVD organdarynyng eng jogharghy lauazymdy oryndaryna kirip ketsin, onyng abyroyyn joysyn, bizding maqsatymyz ol emes, sebebi biz siyaqty jәy adamdar ol mәseleni sheshe almaydy. Osy jóninde Epifanov degen chekist ózine buroda qoyylghan: «Siz qansha kýnәsiz adamdy attynyz?» degen súraqqa, «men ýshin bәri kinәli, men ýkimdi oryndadym» dep bergen jauaby naqty mysal bola alady.
Qazir obkomnyng burosy men NKVD basqarmasy revolusiyalyq zandylyqty búzghandardy izdep, soghan bireulerdi kinәli dep tauyp olardy qúrbandyqqa shalyp jatyr. Men ózimdi kinәli dep sanamaymyn. Sebebi bizding jogharghy basshylarymyz, atap aitqanda Kuybyshev oblysy boyynsha UNKVD bastyghy Juravlev, odan keyingi bastyghy Bocharov (ekeui de obkomnyng buro mýshesi, birinshisi KSRO-ng JK-n, ekinshisi RSFSR JK-ng deputaty) ózderi tútqyndardy úryp-soghugha tapsyrma berip túrdy, al Podoliskiy (UNKVD-ng partkom hatshysy) bizding kózimizshe talay ret tútqyndardy azaptap úrghan.
Býgingi tanda tergeu kezderinde jogharyda aitylghan azaptau әdisterin qoldanghandardy sottau ghana dúrys emes, sol kezde býkil NKVD organdarynda qyzmet etkenderdi birin qaldyrmay sottau kerek.
Obkomnyng burosynda meni jýieli týrde araq ishedi dep aiyptady. Men jogharyda aitylghan qyzmet kezderimde jýieli týrde araq ishken adam emespin. Biraq, ýkim oryndap bolghannan keyin ólim jazasyn oryndaytyn qala apparatynyng operativtik qúramy týgelimen araq ishetin, óte kóp ishetin. Qaytalap aitamyn, ýkim oryndaugha deyin ishken emespin, oryndap bolghan song ghana. Búl jaghdaydan oblystyq, qalalyq UNKVD basshylyghy habardar, osy maqsat ýshin arnayy týrde spirttik ishimdik satylyp alynatyn.
Jdanov joldas! Men sizge 1937-38 jyldary atqarghan kezdegi qyzmetimdi jaqsy surettep aita aldym ba, bilmeymin. Qansha tyryssam da, mýmkin dúrys surettey almasam kerek, sebebi qazir men jýikem auyrghan adammyn, key kezde tughan tilimdi de úmytyp qalamyn.
Men shaghynyp otyrghanym joq, Jdanov joldas, eng jaqsy on segiz jylymdy OGPU-NKVD organy men әskerindegi qyzmetke berdim. Ómirimde birde bir ret kurortta, demalys ýiinde demalmappyn, enbek demalysymdy da dúrys paydalanghan emespin. Adal jәne berilip qyzmet ettim. Ýkimdi oryndau kezderinde, әsirese songhy jyldary jan tebirenterlik kónil sezimderine berilsem de, mening osy qyzmetim partiya men kenes ýkimetine qajet degen senimnen taymadym.
Jdanov joldas, sizding osy hatyma bolisheviktik sezimtaldyqpen qarap, mening qanday jaghdaygha týskenimdi (mening ghana emes, kóptegen NKVD qyzmetkerlerinin) týsinersiz dep oilaymyn.
Kommunistik sәlemmen VKP(b) mýshesi Filihin (qoly)
1939 jyldyng 8 tamyzy
№20 r.p. Barysh, Kuybyshev oblysy
Kóshirme dúrys Shleykin IY.M.
№ 4067 múraghattyq is
Yqshamdap audarghan - Saghat Esmahanúly
«Abay-aqparat»
