«Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony turaly» Zangha zamangha say ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizgen jón». Múnday úsynysty Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng әkimi Berdibek Saparbaev mәlimdep otyr. Jalpy, әkim myrzanyng mәlimdeuinshe, halyq qalaulylary osydan túp-tura 20 jyl búryn qabyldanghan atalmysh zangha ózindik ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizuge ynghay bildirui kerek. «Sebebi qoldanystaghy zang kónerip qalghaly qashan!»

«Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony turaly» Zangha zamangha say ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizgen jón». Múnday úsynysty Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng әkimi Berdibek Saparbaev mәlimdep otyr. Jalpy, әkim myrzanyng mәlimdeuinshe, halyq qalaulylary osydan túp-tura 20 jyl búryn qabyldanghan atalmysh zangha ózindik ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizuge ynghay bildirui kerek. «Sebebi qoldanystaghy zang kónerip qalghaly qashan!»

Sonday-aq atalmysh zangha qatysty poligon aumaqtaryn sauyqtyru maqsatynda yadrolyq synaq bolghan ónirlerde ekstremaldy turisterding sayahatyn úiymdastyru jayy da sóz boldy. Búghan qatysty «ekzotika men shym-shytyryq oqighalargha, qaupi joghary aimaqtargha bas tigip sayahattaudy qalaytyn sayahatshylargha Semey poligony aimaghyn zertteu tym qyzyqty, sondyqtan poligon aimaqtarynda ekstre­maldy turizmnin  órkendeuine jol beru kerek» degen mamandar da tabyldy. Áriyne, búghan deyin «Semey yadrolyq poligon aimaqtarynyng 95 payyzyn halyq sharuashylyghyna paydalanugha beruge bolatyny» jayly mәsele kóterilgende biraz dau-da­may tuyndaghan-dy. Aqyry ghalymdarymyz bar, mem­le­kettik organ ókilderi bar, «búl mәseleni memlekettik túrghyda zertteu kerek» dep baryp, aptyghymyz basylghan-dy. Endigi kezekte poligon aimaghynda ekstremaldy turizm salasyn órkendetu jayy sóz boluda. Al búl ýrdisting keleshegi qanshalyqty ýmitti? Yadrolyq poligon aimaghyn zertteude múnday tәsilderdi paydalanu qanshalyqty tiyimdi?

Derek pen dәiek

Negizinen, derekke jýginsek, Semey yadrolyq poligonynda birinshi jarylys 1949 jylghy 29 ta­myzda, songhysy 1989 jylghy 19 qazanda boldy. Osy jyldar ishinde poligonda 470 atom synaghy jýrgizilip, sol kezderde 606 yadrolyq jarylys, onyng ishinde әuede - 90, jer betinde - 26, jer astynda 354 jarylys jýrgizildi. Olardyng jinaqtalghan trotildik balamasy 17,7 megatonna boldy (!) Jer betindegi jәne әuedegi yadrolyq jarylystargha arnalghan qarular 1963 jylgha deyin shygharyldy.

Áue men jer betinde jýr­gi­zilgen 55 jarylystyng ra­dio­ak­tivti búlttary jәne jerasty ja­rylystarynyng 69 gaz fraksiyasy po­ligon sheginen tys jerlerge ta­rady. Dәl osy 124 jarylys Qazaqstan au­maghynyng shyghys bóligin radiasiyamen las­tady. Poligonda yadrolyq jarylystan bas­qa, himiyalyq jarylys zattaryn qol­da­na otyryp, 175 jarylys jýrgizildi. Son­ghy zaryad 1995 jylghy 31 mamyrda hiy­­miyalyq jaru әdisimen joyyldy. Jal­py, poligonnyng aumaghy 18,54 myng shar­shy shaqyrymdy alyp jatyr jәne 39 pa­yyzyn - Pav­lo­dar oblysy, 54 payy­zyn - Shyghys Qa­­zaqstan óniri jәne 7 pa­yy­zyn Qa­raghandy  oblysy iye­len­gen. Bú­ghan qa­tys­ty sarapshylardyng ba­gha­lauy bo­­yyn­sha, «Semey poligony ma­na­yyn­daghy ra­dia­siyagha úshyraghan jerlerding nor­magha kelui ýshin keminde 300 jyl ke­rek»...

Qasiretting buy tarqaghan joq...

Sóitip, Semey poligony aimaqtaryn jal­py qoldanysqa beruge, ol aimaqtarda óndiris oshaqtaryn qúrugha, auyl sharua­shy­lyghyn órkendetuge, aimaqty zertteu maq­satynda turisterdi tetikke qosugha mýl­de qarsy qauym «Semey jerindegi qa­siretting buy әli tarqaghan joq, sondyqtan mún­day úsynystardy qoldaudyng mýlde qajeti joq» desti. 

Hakim SUERBAEV, himiya ghylymynyng doktory, professor:

- Ghylymy derekterge jýginsek, plu­toniy-240 izotoptary tabighy jol­men - 6500 jyldan keyin, plu­toniy-239 izotoptary  21 myng jyl­dan keyin ydyraydy. Al plutoniy-241 ydyraghan kezde jana ali­­fa-sәulesi týziledi, amerisiy-241 izotoptarynyng tóndiretin qaupi jyl sayyn tek óse beredi. Eger plu­to­niyding bir bóligi adam aghzasyna týs­se, sýiek tininde - 80 jyl, bauyrda 40 jyl ómir sýredi eken. Barlyq tiri ja­sushany óltirip, olardyng tabighy qa­siyetin joyyp, búzugha әkelip soghady. Al osynday derekterge anyq qol jet­kize otyryp, sol aimaqtardy qalaysha ha­lyqtyng qoldanysyna beremiz?! Bú­ghan qatysty aitarym, Semey poligony aimaghyndaghy qayghy-qasiretting buy әli tarqaghan joq. Semey halqy onyng zardabyn әli tartyp otyr. Sondyqtan ol eldegi poligon aimaqtaryna investisiya salugha mýlde qarsymyn.

Yadrolyq otyn bankin qúrsaq qaytedi?

Jalpy, Semey poligony aimaghyn sóz et­kende mamandarymyzdyng bir parasy yadrolyq otyn banki turasyndaghy úsy­nys­taryn qosa qauzady. «Yadrolyq otyn ban­­ki - tek Qazaqstan ýshin ghana emes, әlem boyynsha qajet nәrse» desken ma­man­darymyzdyng qaysybiri naq osy yad­ro­lyq otyn banki iydeyasyn iske asyrugha Se­mey poligony aimaghy óte qolayly jer ekenin algha tartuda. Búl rette Últtyq yad­rolyq ortalyq Yadrolyq fizika ins­tiy­tutynyng ghylymy ister jónindegi diy­rektorynyng orynbasary Nasurlla BÓRTEBAEV:

- Qazir osy yadrolyq otyn bankining mým­kinshilikteri men erekshelikteri tu­raly jii aitylyp jýr. Óziniz jaqsy bi­lesiz, bizding elimizde Semey poligony ai­maghy bar. Ol jerde ýlken iri jary­lystar bolghandyqtan, atalmysh poligon aimaghynda sol jarylystardan qalghan әrtýrli radioaktivti qaldyqtardy saq­taytyn qoymalar bar. Semey poliy­gonynyng bir ereksheligi: onda qal­dyq­tardy saqtaytyn qoymalar uaqtyly ja­­sa­lyp qoyghan. Mәselen, bizde mediy­siy­­nada ampulalyq radioizotoptyq ma­terialdar qoldanylady. Osy pre­pa­rattardy uaqyty ótkennen keyin bir jaq­qa aparyp, kómu kerek. Osynday me­diy­sinada qoldanyp jýrgen ampu­la­lardyng 50 myngha juyghy qazirde sol Se­mey poligony aimaghynyng qoymasynda saq­tauly. Sonday-aq ónerkәsipte qol­da­nyp jýrgen radioaktivti qaldyqtardy da sol jerge aparyp, saqtap, kómip otyr­myz. Eske sala ketken jón, Aqtaudaghy toq­tatylghan BN-350 reaktorynyng yadro­lyq qaldyqtary da tolyghymen osy Se­mey poligonyndaghy saqtau qoymalaryna kó­shirildi. Demek, bizde yadrolyq otyn qoymalary bar. Biz kóp elde múnday mýmkinshilikting joq ekenin eskeruimiz ke­rek. Búl degen - naghyz kommersiyalyq jo­ba. Yadrolyq otyn bankin atom óndirisi sa­lasyndaghy taghy da bir payda tabudyng kózi dep biluge bolady. Búl - yadrolyq ón­diristing paydaly baghyttarynyng biri. Óz basym Semey poligony aimaghy osy bank­ting júmysyn úiymdastyrugha qo­layly aimaq dep bilemin, - deydi.

Álemdegi ashyq-shashyq poligon...

Negizinen, mamandardyng payym­da­uyn­sha, osy poligon aimaqtaryn pay­da­lanu turasynda oidy shygharyp jýr­gen­der­­ding baghamdauynsha, poligon ai­­­maghynda túryp jatqan elder sol jerdi túr­­ghylyqty meken etti. Tipti sol elde qay­­sybir qauym «kezinde ashyq-shashyq jat­­qan poligon aimaqtaryna jyl­qy­la­rymyzdy jay­ghan­byz, qazir de olar son­da jayylyp jýr, ol jylqynyng qy­my­zyn býkil el ishe­di, etin biraz qauym azyq ete­di, son­dyqtan da sol búrynghy po­ligon aumaghynan jer alyp, ony qú­jat­pen zandastyrsaq, jón bolar edi» dey­tin de kórinedi. «Mine, poligon ai­maq­taryn ha­lyq sharuashylyghyna beru mә­selesi osy­dan baryp tuyndady» deydi ma­mandar.  Áyt­se de ghalymdardyng deni Se­mey poliy­gony aimaghy әlem boyynsha eng ashyq-sha­shyq jatqan poligon ekenin, naq qazir po­liy­gon aimaqtaryn pay­da­la­nugha bergennen gó­ri, osy aimaqtarda tú­ryp jatqan júrt­shy­lyqqa tólenetin jәr­demaqyny eselep kóbeytu kerektigin ba­sa aituda.  Óitkeni aimaq túrghyndary po­­ligon aimaqtarynda túryp, radia­siyamen ulanghany ýshin býginde bolmashy jәrdemaqy aluda. Mәselen, Japoniyada yadrolyq bombalanghan jerlerdi meken etetinderge ýsh dengeyli kómek berilip túrady. Birinshisi - okrugtik әkimshilik, ekin­shisi - shtattyq әkimshilik, endi biri - federaldy әkimshilik tarapynan. Ýsheui de - memlekettik mekeme. Sonday-aq ja­pondarda osy aimaqtarda túratyn túr­ghyn­dar basqa jaqqa qonys audaryp ke­tip, tughan jerine qayta ainalyp kelse, el­de túrmaghan jyldardaghy ótemaqysyn daulap alugha qúqy bar. Al biz poligonnyng zardabyn kórgen jandardy shómishten qaghyp, olar ózge qalagha qonys audarsa, bolar-bolmas jәrdemaqysyn tóleuden bas tartamyz.

Áriyne, iygerilmey jatqan poligon ai­maqtaryna investisiya salu úsynysy oi­lanarlyq ekeni dausyz. Semey poliy­go­ny­na salynatyn investisiya ózin-ózi aq­tay ma, joq pa - ony bolashaq kórsete ja­tar.  Biraq býgingi kýnmen qarasaq, biz­ge, eng aldymen, sol elding júrtyn jәr­dem­­a­qymen jarylqap alghan jón tә­rizdi...

«Abay-aqparat»