Múqaghaly Maqataev jәne Shynjang qazaq poeziyasy
QARASAZDAN BASTALGhAN «MÚQAGhALY KERUENI»
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Sonau baghzy zamandardan esimi bizge jetken Sypyra jyraudan bastalyp HV ghasyrdaghy Asan qayghygha odan bergi ot auyzdy oraq tildi Mahambet pen alban Asangha deyingi san ghasyrgha úlasqan qazaqtyng jyraulyq poeziyasyn aitpaghanda jazba poeziyasy Abaydan bastalatyn qazaq poeziyasy úly Áuezovting sózimen aitqanda, qayghy sher men nәzik sezimning aqyny Maghjan men dauylday órte tiygen Qasym, syrshyl da, múnshyl Múqaghali, júmbaq Júmeken, asqaq mahabbattyng jyrshysy Júmatay bolyp jalghasyp keruen tartty...
Ózining syrshyl da, múnshyl, shynshyl poeziyasy arqyly myndaghan, milliondaghan oqyrmannyng jýreginen oryn alghan ghajayyp aqyndardyng biri Múqaghaly әlem oqyrmandarymen qazaq bolyp, qazaqtyng qara óleni bolyp tildesip syrlasty. Búl onyng mәngilik poeziyasy men «kýpi kiygen qazaqtyng qara óleninin» qúdireti edi. Maqataevtyng ózi de «qara óleni qazaqtyng qúdiretim, onda bir súmdyq syr bar estilmegen» demey me?..
Qytaydaghy qazaqtargha Múqaghaly Maqataev shygharmalary ótken ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldardyng ortasynan bastap jete bastapty. Alghash ret 1954 jyly «Shynjang iskustvosy» jurnalynyng bas redaktory Búhara Tyshqanbaev osy jurnaldyng 6 nómerine sol kezdegi jas aqyn Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng birneshe ólenderin basqan. Sodan song aragha kóp jyldar salyp baryp, Maqataevtyng poeziyasyn shekaranyng arghy betindegi millionnan astam qazaqqa qazaqta «Múqaghaly Maqataevtay» ghajayyp talantty aqynnyng bolghanyn jetkizgen qazaqtyng belgili әdebiyetshi ghalymy, qyzyl imperiyanyng kezinde-aq Qazaqstanda alghash ret Shyghys Týrkistan әdebiyetin, ondaghy últ-azattyq idyasyn zerttegen ghalym Tileujan Saqalov bolsa, alghash ret Maqataevtyng jyr toptamasyn qúrastyryp, oghan alghysóz jazyp, baspadan shygharghan sondaghy qazaqtyng talantty aqyny, ataqty baspager Tәlipbay Qabaev ekenin, al ózining ghajayyp zerdesi arqyly el ishine keng taratqan Múqaghalidyng rulas tuysy (úly jýz Alban – Aljan– Syrymbet) belgili halyq aqyny Toqtasyn Baysal bolghanyn bólip, qadap aitu paryz ekenin esten shygharmaghan dúrys bolar edi.
1985 әlde 1986 jyldyng sonyn ala Sovet odaghy men Qytay syndy iri imperiyanyng arasyndaghy qyrghiqabaqtyq júmsaryp, seng búzyla bastaghan kezde sol kezdegi sovettik Qazaqstannan Qytaydyng Shynjang avtonomiyaly aimaghyna saparlay barghan Tileujan Saqalov sol saparynda Shynjandaghy qazaq intelliygensiyasynyng Qúrmanәli Ospanov, Tәlipbay Qabaev, Álimjan Qatbaev, Orazanbay Egeubaev, Rahmetolla Ápsheúly, Nyghymet Mynjani, Búlantay Dosjan, Jaqyp Myrzahan, Shәken Onalbaev sekildi belgili ókilderimen kezdesip, el men jerdin, әdebiyet pen mәdeniyetting jayyn sóz etisetdi. El men jerdi aralaghan ózi ónerpaz, ózi әdebiyetshi Saqalov sondaghy elge, bauyrgha degen saghynyshyn Tilendiyev pen Maqataevtyng ataqty «Sarjaylauymen», Múqaghalidyng otty jyrlarymen jetkizedi. Qazaqtyng Qarasazyn, Shalkódesi men Ile basyn, Alataudyng baurayyn, Jetisuday jer jәnnatyn, Múqaghaliday aqyndy jyrgha qosady. Qazaqta, Almatyda Múqaghaly Maqataevtay úly aqynnyng shenberge syimay ótkenin, Múqaghaly jyrynyn, qazaqtyng qara ólenining qúdiretin kósile otyryp әngime etken Tileujan Saqalovtyng aituyndaghy Múqaghaly aqyn ólenderin, onyng ólenderine jazylghan әnderdi, «Tanjaryq pen Qoydymnyng aitysy», «Tanjaryq pen Nýrilanyng aitysy» syndy qazaq aitysynyng ghajayyp ýlgilerin osy Saqalovtyng dausymen ýntaspasyna týsirip qalady. Búl jazbalar birden-birge kóshilirip, Shynjandaghy qazaqtardyng arasyna auyzsha da, jazbasha da keng tarap ketedi. 1988 sәuirde Shynjang avtonomiyaly aimaghynyng ortalyghy Ýrmijiden Shynjang jastar baspasynan osy baspanyng bas redaktory, agha redaktor, belgili әdebiyetshi ghalym Tәlipbay Qabaevtyng qúrastyryp, alghysóz jazuymen Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng «Qazdar qaytyp baraly» jyr toptamasy (kitaptyng atyn qúrastyrushy qoyghan) basylyp shyqty. Búl Maqataevtyng Qytayda basylghan túnghysh jinaghy.
Maqataev poeziyasyna tandana, tamsana qaraghan sondaghy әrbir qazaq sonday bir ystyq yqylaspen, zor mahabbatpen talasa-tarmasa oqydy. Jyr toptamasyna jazghan kirispe sózinde: «Múqaghaly Maqataev sovettik Qazaqstannyng Almaty oblysy Narynqol audanyndaghy Qarasóz degen jerde tuypty. Kól-kósir daryndy Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng shygharmalarynyng altyn qazyghy adamdyq adal ar, tughan atameken, kýlli jer shary ispetti. Ol osynyng qamyn qamdap, múnyn múndap jyrlapty. Osy arqyly poeziya aspanynyn jyr sholpanyna ainalypty. Maqataev shygharmalary elimizge kesheuildep kirse de, ózine qas kesek bitimdi oilarymen, ózgeshe ekpin qúlpyrghan mәner bedereimen kirdi. Elimiz oqyrmandary Múqaghaly shygharmalaryn jatyrqamaydy, ony ózimen birge tuyp, birge ósken syrlasynday, ózining qadirli qalamgerindey ystyq yqylaspen qarsy alyp, sýisinip oqidy. Aqynnyng «Qazdar qaytyp barady» atty búl toptamasyn «Armysyndar dostar», «Qarlyghashym kelding be?», «Maver», «Aqqular úiyqtaghanda», «Ómir dastan», «Ómir ózen», «Darigha jýrek», «Soghady jýrek», «Sholpan» qatarly kitaptarynan súryptap qúrastyrdyq», - dep jazdy Tәlipbay Qabaev.
Osdan keyin Qytayda Múqaghaly Maqataev shygharmalaryn tanu men nasihattaudyng dәuiri bastaldy. Búl jyr toptamasy 2016 jylgha deyin on neshe ret qayta basylyp, neshe on myndaghan taralymmen taraldy. Múqqaghaly Maqataevtyng shygharmashylyq, әdeby múrasynyng Shynjandaghy qazaqtar arasynda auyzsha da, jazbasha da keng taralghanyn jana bir sózimizde aitqan bolatynbyz. Ózining ghajayyp eske ústau qabileti men zerdesining arqasynda Múqaghaly aqynnyng býkil derlik óleng dastandaryn (shamamen tórt-bes jýz) jatqa aityp, el ishine keninen jayghan sondaghy halyq aqyndarynyng biri Toqtasyn Baysalúly (1928–2016jj) bolghan.
Ómirining sonyna deyin әnshi, jyrshylyq pen aityskerlikti ózine serik etken, aghartu qyzmetimen ainalysqan, býkil Ile ónirindegi alban men qyzaygha, alty alashqa suyryp salma aqyndyghymen de, batyldyghymen de tanylghan Toqtasyn aqsaqaldyng otbasyna jaqsy men jaysandar, sóz ústaghan kisiler, qazaqtyng belgili túlghalary jiyi-jii atbasyn búryp, ólen-jyrmen әngimening tiyegin aghytady eken. Solardyng biri qazaqtyng klassik qalamgeri, qazaq әngimesining has sheberi kórnekti jazushy Rahymjan Otarbaev 2011 jyldyng qonyr kýzinde qazan aiynda Shynjang avtonomiyasy Ile oblysynyng Múnghúlkýre audanyna qarasty Aqdala auylynda túratyn Toqtasyn aqsaqalgha amandasa baryp, ekeuara súhbattas bolyp, birneshe kýn syrlasady. Qazaqtyng ne bir epostyq dastandary men Asan Qayghydan, Mahambetke deyingi qazaq jyraularynyng jyrlaryn, odan bergi Abay men Shәkәrimnin, Jambyl men Kempirbaydyn, Áset pen Kódektin, Maghjan men Sәkennin, Iliyastyn, Qasym men Múqaghalidyn, Tanjaryq pen Sharghynnyng ólenderin, «Tanjaryq pen Sharghynnyng aitysy», «Tanjaryq pen Nýrilanyng aitysy», «Tanjaryq pen Qoydymnyng aitysy», «Tanjaryq pen Kódekting aitysyn» birneshe kýn boyy tandy tangha úryp jyrlaydy. Qazaq sózining qaymaghyn boyyna sinirgen, ózi ot auyzdy sheshen jazushynyng tang qalghany sonshama: «Agha, qayda jýrsiz tasada qalypsyz-au», - deydi shyday almay. «Dýniyede mendey sorly aqyn bar ma, baspagha bir auyz sóz kórinegen», - dep әnning de, aitystyng da qúlageri ataqty Ásetting \ÁsetNaymanbay\ jyrlaghanynday suyryp salma aqyndyghymen alty alashqa aty ketip, danqy aspandaghanymen, baspada bir auyz sózi jariyalanbaghan, baqytty da baqytsyz aqyn-jyrau turaly jazushy «Qazaq әdebiyeti gazetinde «Qazaqtyng songhy jyrauy», - degen maqala jazyp jariyalapty.
Janaghy Tәlipbay agha Qabaev qúrastyrghan «Qazdar qaytyp barapdy» toptamasyndaghy Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng bir bólim shygharmalary Shynjandaghy mektep baghdarlamasyna engizildi. Ataqty «Aqqular úiyqtaghanda», «Rayymbek, Rayymbek», «Mossard janazasy» poemalary men ólenderining orta, ortalau synyptarynyng әdebiyet oqulyghyna (Oqu-aghartu baspasy», 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 jj) engizilui Maqataev shygharmalarynyng shetelderde әdebi, ghylymi, ruhany ainalymgha týskenin kórsetedi.
«Qazdar qaytyp baradydan» keyin әr jyldary Maqataevtyng «Jylap qayttym ómirding bazarynan» (qúrastyrghan Úlanbek Qabdolla, Ile halyq baspasy, 1995 jyl), «Jyrlaydy jýrek» (qúrastyrghan Nәzigýl Tәlipbayqyzy, Shynjang jastar baspasy, 2001 jyl), «Jýrek demin alghanda» (qúrastyrghan Mәdethan Mústafin ,«Shynjang halyq baspasy, 2003 jyl), «Aqqudyng qanatyna jazylghan jyr» (qúrastyryp baspagha dayyndaghan Baqytbek Toqtasynúly, «Últtar» baspasy, Beyjing 2004 jyl), «Amanat» (qúrastyryp, basapagha dayyndaghan Baqytbek Toqtasynúly, «Últtar» baspasy, Beyjing 2006 jyl ) sekildi jyr jinaqtary jaryq kórdi. Búl jyr jinaqtary da oqyrman súranysymen birneshe ret qayta basylghan. «Qara saz qara shalghyn ólende ósken» Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng qasiyetti qara ólenge barar jolda qara sózding auylyna da at basyn búrypty. Kәdeuilgi Múqaghaly sheber prozashy da bolypty. «Qosh mahabbat» dep atalatyn prozalyq jinaghy sonyng kuәsi. «Qúlyptas», «Marusiyanyng tauy», «Ózgermepti», «Áje», «Qos qarlyghash», «Jyl qústary» syndy әngime-povesterinen, «Qosh mahabbat», atty piesasynan jәne Maqataevtyng әr jyldary jazghan әdeby syn maqalalarynan túratyn búl kitap belgili baspager Baqytbek Toqtasynúly men Serjan Sәrsenbaydyng baspagha dayyndaumen, 2006 jyly Beyjindegi Ortalyq Últtan baspasynan shyghypty. Sonymen, 1990 jyldardyng ortasynan keyin Shynjanda Maqataev turaly estelikter men maqalalar jinaqtar dýrkin-dýrkin bolmasa da әr kezderi jariyalanyp túrypty. Aqyn, әdebiyet synshysy Ydyrys Ádilhanýly men aqyn Múrat Shaymaranúlynyng qúrastyruymen, «Anyzgha ainalghan adam» atty estelik esseler jinaghy 1996 jyly Ile Halyq baspasynan ýlken tirajben jaryq kóripti. Kitapqa Qazaqstan avtorlarynyng maqalalary tandalyp, engizilgen. Kitapty qúrastyrushylar «Qazaq әdebiyeti», «Leninshil jas», «Parasat», «Júldyz» qatarly gazet-jurnaldar men Fariza Ongharsynovanyng «Shashy agharghan qyz» atty kitabynan paydalanyp, qúrastyrghan. Búl jerde belgili Múqaghalitanushy ghalym Núrlan Sәrsenbaevtyn «Anyzgha ainalghan adam» atty esseler jinaghy Qytaydaghy qazaq oqyrmandary ýshin Múqaghalitanudyng alghashqy betashary boldy dese de bolady», - degen pikirimen kelisiuge bolady.
Aqyn Serik Dәuitovtyng qúrastyruymen, «Poeziya menimenen egiz be edin» degen Múqaghaly shygharmashylyghy turaly zertteu maqalalar men estelikter jinaghy 2004 jyly Shynjang halyq baspasynan jaryq kóripti. «Syr súhbat», «Estelik esse», «Aqyn obrazy», «Shapaghatty shaqtar syndy» bólimderden túratyn búl kitapqa eki el qalamgerlerining tandauly maqalalary toptastyrylghan. Búl kitaptyng ereksheligi sonda - aqyn, agha redaktor Sәulet Toqtybaev ózining osy kitaptyng redaktory retinde jazghan alghy sózinde: «Iri talanttar jóninde sóz bolghanda olardyng óshpes ghúmyrnamasy, enbegi, halqyna syilaghan úshan-teniz ruhany әlemi dәripteledi. Ásirese olardyng halyqtyng dýniyetanymy, jan tazalyghy, últtyq kemeldiligi ýshin jol ashqan әri soghan bastaghan kisilik ómir arnasymen bite qaynasqan aqyl-parasaty dәripteleri sózsiz. Múnday talanttar ózining mәngilik ghúmyryn óz jaraltys әlemi men talant-tabighatyn tanytyp, sonyng jolynda tynbay enbektenuge bel baylaghan kýnnen bastasa kerek. Al sol mәngilik ghúmyrly talant iyesining tanyluy bir basqa da ony halyqtyng oqyrmany tanuy bir basqa, yaghny ekeuara uaqyt parqymen týsinistikting ilgerli-keyindi ómir sýrip jatatyn halyqtyng qolda bar asylyn joghaltyp alyp, artynan jamyray qayta qauyshatyn da, kezinde tanysa da qatar jýrgen azamatyna jay kózben qarap artynan anyrap, bar-joghyn týgendep jatatyny sondyqtan bolar. Áne sonan beri qanshama uaqyt zymyrap, san sorap óship, san úrpaq janalandy. Ghasyrdan ghasyrgha qadam tastadyq. Alayda Múqaghaly Maqataev jasampazdyghynyng sol uaqyttyng shegin búzyp, ózining bayyrghy qalpymen uaqyt ozghan sayyn týlegen janarghan, qúdiretti kýshimen aradaghy bir mezgil sayasy hәm әleumettik ýrdisten song Qytay qazaqtaryna әsirese, 1980 jyldardyng jas talap týlekterine qayta oraldy», - dep parasatty payymdau jasaydy.
Osynday taghy bir jinaq Múqaghaly Maqataev turaly estelikter men aqynnyng kýndelikterinen túratyn «Múqaghaly qazaqtyng dombyrasy» degen jinaq. Kitap Shynjang halyq baspasynan 2003 jyly basylghan. Búl da sondaghy qazaq oqyrmandary talasa-tarmasa oqyghan kitap bolghanyn aitu kerek. Osylaysha Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng kitaptarymen, ol turaly jazylghan estelikter men esseler toptalamary әr kezderi basylym kórip, qoldan-qolgha tarap jatty.
Qosh, sonymen Shynjandaghy qazaqtar arasynda Maqataevtyng ómiri men shygharmashylyghyna arnalghan әdeby zertteuler, esse rekviumdar sol ótken ghasyrdyng toqsanynshy jyldardyng ortasynan jazyla bastapty. Súltan Janbolatov, Sәulet Toqtybay, Balapar Rabat, Ydyrys Ádilhan, Núrlan Sәrsenbay, Baqytjan Imanqúl, Núrbolat Ábdiqadyr, Kәdirbek Berdiqojaúly sekildi qalamgerler men әdebiyetshi ghalymdardyng maqalalary sondaghy әrtýrli әdeby basylymdarda gazet-jurnaldarda jariyalanyp týrghan. Shynjang qazaq әdebiyetining kórnektng ókili ghalym-jazushy, professor Súltan Janbolatov: «Álemdegi kýlli qazaq týgili halyq sany milliardtan asqan Qytay siyaqty ózge de elge tanymal Qazaqstannyng Memlekettik syilyghynyng laureaty Múqaghaly Maqataev qazaq poeziyasyna kesek ýles qosqan qazaqtyng sheber, lirik aqyny. Ýzdik audarmashy. Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng poeziyasy Qaysha Tabaraqtyng tәrjimasymen Qytay oqyrmandaryna jetip, auditoriyasyn keneytti», - depti. Qytaydaghy qazaq qalamgerleri jazghan Múqaghaly Maqataev turaly enbekterding ishinen myna eki enbekti, biri - Beyjinde túratyn qazaq qalamgeri, sondaghy Beyjing radiosynyng agha diktory, әdebiy-muyzykalyq baghdarlamalar redaksiyasynyng jýrgizushi redaktory, qazaqtyng talantty aqyny, audarmashy, ózi kompozitor, әnshi, Balapan Rabatovtyng «Sortang taghdyr, tarpang talant» degen esse rekviumyn (Últtar baspasy, Beyjing 1998 jyl), endi biri - Shynjandyq jazushy, Múqaghalitanushy, әdebiyetshi ghalym Núrlan Sәrsenbaevtyng «Múqaghaly kerueni» (Últtar baspasy,Beyjing 2016 jyl, An-Arys baspasy, Almaty 2018 jyl) kitabyn bólip aitugha bolady. Balapan Rabatovtyng Múqaghaly Maqataev turaly jazghan esse rekviumnan bolmysy bólek dara talanttyng «El men jer» dep soqqan aqyndyq jýregin, aqqudyng qanatyna jazylghan jyrday saghynyshyn bayqaysyn. Hantәnri, aspan taular men Almatynyng arasynda sharyqtaghan aqyn qiyaly kәdeuilgi ýiregshikti oilargha qamalyp qalmaydy. Uaqyt pen kenistikti attap ótip erkin oi, úshqyr sezimdermen astasqan B.Rabatovtyng esse rekviumy óleng qúsatyp tógilip jazylghan. Osydan biraz erterekte jazylghanyna qaramastan qazirgi bizding jas jana oqyrmandargha jaqyn, kórkem dýnie sekildi jaqsy oqylady.
Endi biri jana aitqanymyzday Núrlan Sәrsenbaevtyng «Múqaghaly kerueni» kitaby. Núrlan Sәrsenbaev Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng múrasyn zertteushi ghalym retinde «Múqaghaly keruenine» barar jolgha deyin on neshe jylghy izdenisti basyp ótti. Onyng osyghan deyin әr jyldary Shynjandaghy jәne Qazaqstandaghy әdeby basylymdarda, gazet-jurnaldargha «Bolashaqqa Múqaghaly kerueni», «Qarasaz qara shalghyn ólende óstim», «Múqaghaliy», «Múqapghaly Maqataevtyng ata-tegi kim» degen sekildi onshaqty maqalasy jariyalanghan eken. Mynau enbek sol izdenisting nәtiyjesi. Kitaptyng ereksheligi sonda Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng shyqqan topyraghy, ata-tegi turaly arydan syr shertedi. Aqynmen qatarlas ómir sýrgen Erkin Ibitanov, Fariza Ongharsynova arasyndaghy ómir sabaqtastyghy jan-jaqty sóz bolady. Sonymen birge, Qytay qazaqtaryndaghy Múqaghalitanu barysyn tilge tiyek etse, Maqataev poeziyasynyng syr men sipatyn, poetikasyn ashyp kórsetuge de avtor ózinshe qúlshynys tanytqan. Bizding aityp otyrghan Rabatovtyng da, Sәrsenbaevtyng da búl enbekterin Múqaghalitanugha qosqan ýles retinde baghalaugha bolady.
Ruhany baylyqta shekara bolmaydy. Qazaq poeziyasynyng dat shalmas altyn qazyghyna ainalghan Múqaghaly Maqataev poeziyasynyng shekaranyng arghy jaghyndaghy taghdyry basqa bolghanmen, tamyry bir qazaqtyng ruhany baylyghyna ainalyp, ótken ghasyrdyng sekseninshi, toqsanynshy jyldaryndaghy Shynjang qazaq poeziyasynyng kórkeyuine, dәuirbólgish jana dengeyge kóterluine yqpalynyng ózi Múqaghaly poeziyasynyng ortaq ruhany baylyqqa ainalyp ketkenining kuәsi. «Ósedi óleng nemese kóshedi ólen», - dep aqynnyng ózi jyrlaghanday ómir ózenning úly aidynynda ózining úly arnasyn salyp, qazaqtyng altyn dombyrasyna ainalyp ketken Qarasazdan bastalghan Múqaghaly aqynnyng «Kósh kerueni», «Men jiyrma birinshi ghasyrdyng qúrdasymyn» dep ózi boljap ketkendey, jas úrpaqpen syrlasyp, keleshekke kósh keruenin týzep, mәngilikke kóship barady. Múqaghaly Maqataevtyng úly kósh keruenine bәrimizde sýisine qarap jana tughan jas óskin qazaqtyng әr balasy qosh kelding «Múqaghaly kerueni» dep túrghanday. Qazaq ólenining úly kóshi Múqaghalidyng kósh kerueni boshlashaqqa bet alyp barady.
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