Taghdyry auyr tútqyndar

Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn aqtau isi Kenes odaghynda N.S. Hrushevting biyligi túsynda qolgha alyndy. Nәtiyjesinde, bizding elde Sәken Seyfulliyn, Beyimbet Mayliyn, Iliyas Jansýgirov siyaqty qazaq kenes qayratkerlerinen bastap, jazyqsyz japa shekken jýzdegen azamattar «halyq jauy» degen aiyptaudan aryldy. Qazaqstan Respublikasynda 1993 jyly Preziydent N.Á. Nazarbaev qol qoyghan «Jappay sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn aqtau turaly» zannyng nәtiyjesinde Álihan, Ahmet, Mirjaqyp, Maghjan tәrizdi Alash arystary aqtaldy. Al 2020 jyly Preziydent Q.K. Toqaev qol qoyghan «Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn tolyq aqtau jónindegi memlekettik komissiya turaly» Jarlyqqa oray jýrgizilip jatqan is-sharalar meylinshe nәtiyjeli bolugha tiyisti. Óitkeni, respublikalyq memlekettik komissiyany aitpaghanda, ónirlik komissiya mýshelerine jabyq múraghattar qoryndaghy «Óte qúpiya» belgisi soghylghan qújattarmen júmys isteuge rúqsat etildi. Ras, әlgindey qújattardy fotogha týsiruge, kóshirmesin alugha, tergeushilerding súraqtary men aiyptalushylardyng jauaptaryn sózbe-sóz jazyp alugha, aqtalmaghan azamattardyng aty-jónin jariya etuge rúqsat etilmeydi. Búl jariyalanymda tergeu jәne sot prosesteri derekterin naqty kórsetpey, jalpylama bayandauymyzdyng sebebi osy.

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Pavlodar oblysy polisiya departamentining múraghaty qorynda II dýniyejýzilik soghys kezinde nemis әskerlerining tútqynynda bolghan jerlesterimizge qatysty birshama qújattar saqtalypty. Qordaghy № 2312, 2313, 2316, 2319, 2321, 2333, 2327, 2351, 2578 isterdi zerdeleu barysynda últy qazaq soghys tútqyndarynyng kóbi Týrkistan legionynda qyzmet etkender ekenin anyqtadyq.

Legionerlerding soghys jyldaryndaghy әskery is-әreketteri alghashqy ret 1968 jyly memlekettik qauipsizdik organynyng polkovniygi Serik Shәkibaevtyng «Ýlken Týrkistannyng kýireui» derekti romany arqyly júrtshylyqqa belgili boldy. Al qazirgi kezde de kópshilikke beymәlim materialdarda legionerlerding soghystan keyingi jyldardaghy taghdyry kórinis tapqan.

OGPU jýrgizgen qylmystyq isterden soghys tútqyndarynyng taghdyr-talayy bir-birinikine óte úqsas ekenin anghardyq. Olar soghystyng alghashqy auyr jyldarynda tútqyngha týsipti. Odan song konslagerlerde adam tózgisiz qiyn jaghdaylarda zardap shekken. 1942-1943 jyldary nemis әskeriyleri tarapynan jasalghan qysym saldarynan Týrkistan legionynyng qúramyna kiripti. Sóitip, Germaniyanyng Noyhammer qalasynda әskery tútqyndar qatarynan jasaqtalghan №162 diviziyada qyzmet etken. Aqyry, 1945 jyly Amerika әskerlerining qolyna týsip, soghys tútqyndary retinde Kenes әskerlerining qúziretine ótkizilgen. Birshamasy qanday da bir sebeptermen qamaugha alynbay, túrghylyqty meken-jaylaryna qaytarylypty. Biraq 1949 jyly OGPU-dyng Pavlodar oblystyq bólimi tútqyndap, әrqaysy 25 jylgha bas bostandyghynan aiyru jazasyna kesilgen.

Múraghat qoryndaghy qylmystyq isterde 1953-1954 jyldary Sibir men Qiyr Shyghystaghy enbekpen týzeu lagerlerinde merzimdi jazasyn ótep jýrgen soghys tútqyndarynyng joghary organdargha jazghan aryz-shaghymdary tirkelipti. Tútqynnyng biri aryzyn KSRO Bas prokuraturasyna joldaghan eken. Ekinshisi May audanynyng tumasy, ótinishin KSRO Joghary Kenesi Prezidiumynyng tóraghasy K.E. Voroshilovtyng atyna qazaq tilinde jazypty.Búl qújattardan tergeushiler hattamagha týsirmegen, sot tóraghasynyng nazaryna ilinbegen kóptegen jayttardyng kórinisi bayqalady.

Aryz-shaghymdarda qúqyq qorghau organdarynda aiyptalushylardyng tútqyngha týsuine sebep bolghan mәn-jaylardyng eskerilmegeni aitylghan. Shyndyghynda, komandirlerding qorshauda qalghan әskery bólimderdi tastap ketui, syrttan qanday da bir kómek jasalmauy, shayqas alandarynan shalghayda qalghan shtabtarmen baylanystyng tolyq ýzilui, qorghanys qúrylghylary (okoptar, blindajdar, t.b.) men iri atys qarularynyng (zenbirekter, minometter, pulemetter) isten shyghuy, oq-dәri men azyq-týlikting tausyluy, sarbazdardyng jaralanuy, jauyngerlik qabyletsizdikke úshyrauy, moralidyq-psihologiyalyq kýiseliske týsui tәrizdi kóptegen jayttar tergeu materialdarynda kórsetilmepti. Sonday-aq keybirining nemis konslagerinen qashyp shyqqany, әitse de kóp úzamay ústalyp auyr azaptau arqyly jazalanghany da sot prosesinde qaperge alynbapty. Ayyptalushylar óz ómirine qauip-qater tónip túrghan jaghdayda Týrkistan legiony qúramyna jazylugha mәjbýr bolghanyn, týpki oiy mýmkindik tughan kýni Kenes әskerlerine qosylu ekenin aitqan. Sonda da tergeushiler hattama qorytyndysynda «óz erkimen jau jaghyna ótken», «kýmandy jaghdayda tútqyngha týsken», «óz yqtiyarymen legiongha qabyldanghan» dep kórsetipti. (Ayyptaushylardyng arasynda qazaq elinde bolishevikter biyliginen arylyp, egemen eldikke qol jetkizu iydeyasyn kózdegen legionerlerding boluy әbden mýmkin. Keleshek zertteushiler onday jýrekjútqan jankeshti jerlesterimiz jónindegi derekterdi may shamnyng jaryghymen izdeytin shyghar).

Osy tústa eskeretin bir jayt, pavlodarlyq tútqyndar qyzmet etken Týrkistan legiony bólimderi Shyghys maydanyna jiberilmegen. Negizinen Batys maydanynda әskery nysandardy kýzetu, qorghanys qúrylghylaryn ornatu, jýk tasymaldau, qalalardaghy qoghamdyq tәrtipti qadaghalau tәrizdi qyzmetterdi atqarypty.

Partizandar jasaqtaryna ótip ketip, nemis әskerlerine qarsy erlikpen shayqasqan legionerlerding beybit kezende qúrmet-qoshemetke bólengeni ras. Solay bola túra, ókinishke qaray, keybiri ózderining anghal minezining saldarynan opyq jegen eken. Mysaly, aman-esen el ishine oralghan jerlesterimizding biri aghayyndarynyng ortasynda «Nemisterding әleumettik túrmys dengeyi Kenes halqynikinen әldeqayda joghary, AQSh qaruly kýshterining әskery әleueti Kenes әskerlerinikinen myqty» degen sózder aitqan. Búl әngimeni qúpiya mәlimdeushiler dereu tiyisti organgha jetkizipti. Ile әlgi adam Amerika barlau qyzmetining tynshysy degen aiyptaumen tútqyndalyp, Kenes ýkimetine qarsy ýgit-nasihat jýrgizgeni ýshin 25 jylgha sottalypty.

Aryz-shaghymdarda bayandalghan jayttardan OGPU ókilderining búrynghy legionerlerge qoqan-loqy kórsetip, olardy bir-birine qarsy kuәlik etuge mәjbýrlegeni angharylady. Tergeushilerding aiyptalushylargha kýsh qoldanyp, aldyn ala dayyndaghan jauap alu hattamasyna qol qoyghyzghany da aryz-shaghymdarda aitylypty. Osynday azaptaudan ótken legionerlerding biri fashisterge adal qyzmet etkenin, sonyng nәtiyjesinde efreytor әskery ataghyna qol jetkizip, bólimshe komandiyrining orynbasary dәrejesine deyin óskenin jәne qola medalimen marapattalghanyn «moyyndapty»... Amal ne, olardyng bәri әdildikke qol jetkize almay, ómirden ozdy.

Keybirining úrpaqtary QR prokuraturasyna әkelerin, atalaryn aqtau jóninde ótinish jazypty. Biraq ótinishteri qanaghattandyrylmaghan. Óitkeni prokuratura soghys tútqyndarynyng qylmysy qylmystyq kodeksting tiyisti babyna sәikes saralanuynyng dúrys-búrystyghyn ghana tekseredi. Al sotta kuәlardyng aitqany jәne aiyptalushynyng óz qylmysyn moyyndauy onyng qylmys jasaghanynyng búltartpas dәleli retinde nazargha alynady. Búl jaghyn OGPU tergeushilerining tastay qylyp qatyryp qoyatyny belgili.

«Nemisterding tútqynynda Kenes jauyngerleri joq, tek satqyndar ghana bar» degen bir auyz sózimen milliondaghan adamdardyng taghdyryn syndyrghan Stalin ólgen song soghys tútqyndaryna raqymshylyq jasalsa da, olardyng kenestik qoghamdaghy jaghdayy qiyn boldy. GULAG mekemelerinde merzimdi jazasyn ótep jýrgeninde keybirining әielderi basqa adamdargha túrmysqa shyghyp ketti. Nemis konslagerlerindegi azapty bastan keshirgen olar Kenes konslagerlerinde qylmys әlemining qandybalaq serkelerimen tartysty jaghdayda tirlik keshti. Júrtshylyq olardyng ata-anasyna, bauyrlaryna, balalaryna «satqynnyng tuysy» degen oimen suyq qarady. Solay bola túra, sottalghan, qudalanghan, ar-ojdany qorlanghan azamattar tughan jerlerine oralghan song halyq sharuashylyghynda ayanbay ter tóge enbek etip, elding ekonomikasy men әleumettik túrmys dengeyin kóteruge óz ýlesterin qosty.

Áuelde jauynger, sonsyn tútqyn, keyin júmysshy bolghan olar N.S. Hrushevting «jylymyghy» kezinde de, M.S. Gorbachevting qayta qúru jyldarynda da aqtalghan joq. Elimiz egemendikke qol jetkizgen kezende de soghys tútqyndaryn aqtau mәselesi kýn tәrtibine qoyylghan emes.

Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn tolyq aqtau jónindegi respublikalyq komissiya endi soghys tútqyndaryn sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandarynyng sanatyna jatqyzatyn zannyng qabyldanuyna yqpal etse dúrys bolar edi. Soghys tútqyndaryna RSFSR Qylmystyq kodeksining 58-babynyng sayasy renki bar tarmaqtary 58-1 (Otangha opasyzdyq), 58-10 (Kenes ýkimetine qarsy ýgit-nasihat) boyynsha aiyp taghyldy ghoy. Demek, olardy әskery qylmyskerler emes, sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandary retinde tanugha qúqyqtyq negiz bar. Sonday-aq ótken ghasyrdaghy qazaqstandyq kenestik sottardyng soghys tútqyndaryna qatysty shygharghan әdiletsiz ýkimderining kýshin joyatyn zang da kerek degen oidamyz.

Keybireuler Týrkistan legionerlerining is-әreketterin moralidyq túrghydan qarastyryp, «Olar qazaqtyng qas batyrlary: Áliya men Mәnshýkke, Bauyrjan men Raqymjangha qarsy oq atqan ata jaularymyzdyng qatarynda jýrdi ghoy, demek olardy aqtau qatelik!» – dep narazylyq bildirui yqtimal. Ras, solay boldy, biraq...

Bizding babalarymyz II dýniyejýzilik soghysqa deyin de, qily tarihy kezenderde bir-birimen talay ret shayqasty ghoy. Olar soghys jaghdayynda birin-biri ayaghan joq. Otyrar oiranynda, Beybarys súltan men Ketbúgha noyannyng shayqasynda, Ámir Temir men Toqtamys hannyn, tipti Kutuzov pen Napolennyng úrystarynda jauynger babalarymyz bir-birine qandy qylysh sermedi. Kenesary han men agha súltandardyng arpalysynda qazaq sarbazdary birin-biri bauyzdap óltiruge deyin bardy! Azamat soghysy jyldarynda da birin-biri qangha boyady! Sonday qyrghyndardyng qaq ortasynda jýrgen qaharmandardyng qaysysyn madaqtap, qaysysyn aiyptayyq?.. Birin asqaqtatyp, ekinshisin tómendetuge moralidyq qúqymyz bar ma?

Uaqyt barlyghyn óz ornyna qoyady.

Bizding mindetimiz – ótken shaqtan sabaq alyp, egemen eldigimizding irgetasy bolyp túrghan yntymaghymyzdy bekemdey týsu emes pe?

Arman Qaniy,

Pavlodar qalasy

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