Sheteldik tarihnama

Keybir Reseylik jәne Otandyq tarihshylar Alash avtonomiyasy men Qoqan (Týrkistan) avtonomiyasy basshylary Álihan Bókeyhan men Mústafa Shoqaydy sayasy qarsylastar retinde kórsetkisi keledi.

1917 jylghy Resey imperiyasynyng kýireui nәtiyjesinde qúrylghan Alash avtonomiyasy men Qoqan (Týrkistan) avtonomiyasy sheteldik tarihnamada Ortalyq Aziya halyqtarynyng últtyq memlekettilikke úmtylghan alghashqy demokratiyalyq sayasy jobalary retinde qarastyrylady.

Batys, týrik, japon jәne emigrasiyalyq zertteulerde búl eki avtonomiya bir-birine qarsy emes, bir tarihy ýderisting ózara baylanysty kórinisteri retinde baghalanady.

Richard Pipes (AQSh)

Amerikalyq tarihshy Richard Payps (The Formation of the Soviet Union, 1917–1923) Alash pen Týrkistan avtonomiyalaryn Resey imperiyasynyng ydyrauy kezinde payda bolghan últtyq qozghalystardyng qúramdas bóligi retinde qarastyrady.

Onyng pikirinshe:

Alash qayratkerleri konstitusiyalyq jәne federativtik memleketti jaqtady;

Týrkistan avtonomiyasy ólkelik ózin-ózi basqarudy kózdedi;

bolishevikterding ortalyqtandyru sayasaty búl jobalardyng ómir sýruine mýmkindik bermedi.

Martha Brill Olcott (AQSh)

Amerikalyq zertteushi Marta Brill Olkott (The Kazakhs) Alash qozghalysyn qazaq últtyq intelliygensiyasynyng qalyptasuynyng eng joghary kezeni dep baghalaydy.

Onyng enbekterinde:

Alash últtyq memlekettilikting negizin qalady;

bilim beru, jer reformasy jәne qúqyqtyq memleket iydeyalary basty oryn aldy;

Álihan Bókeyhan bastaghan ziyalylar Resey qúramyndaghy demokratiyalyq federasiya ýlgisin qoldady.

Adeeb Khalid (AQSh)

Ortalyq Aziya tarihynyng belgili mamany Adib Halid (Making Uzbekistan, Central Asia) Qoqan jәne Alash avtonomiyalaryn jәdittik reformalardyng sayasy jalghasy dep esepteydi.

Ol:

eki avtonomiyanyng da zayyrly basqarudy qoldaghanyn;

parlamenttik jýie men azamattyq qúqyqtardy qorghaugha úmtylghanyn;

olardyng kýireui azamat soghysy men bolishevikterding әskery kýshimen baylanysty bolghanyn kórsetedi.

Edward Allworth (AQSh)

Kolumbiya uniyversiytetining professory Edvard Ollvort Týrkistan avtonomiyasynyng talqandaluy keyingi qaruly qarsylyq qozghalystarynyng kýshengine yqpal etkenin jazady.

Ol Qoqan avtonomiyasyn:

Týrkistan halyqtarynyng alghashqy demokratiyalyq ýkimeti;

kópúltty sayasy tәjiriybe retinde baghalaydy.

Alexandre Bennigsen jәne Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay (Fransiya)

Fransuz zertteushileri Týrkistandaghy músylman sayasy qozghalystaryn zerttey otyryp:

Alashty qazaqtyng últtyq modernizasiyasynyng kórinisi;

Qoqan avtonomiyasyn jәdittik reformatorlardyng aimaqtyq sayasy jobasy retinde sipattaydy.

Baymirza Hayit (Germaniya–Týrkiya)

Týrkistandyq emigrant tarihshy Baymyrza Hayit Alash pen Qoqan avtonomiyalarynyng yntymaqtastyghyna erekshe nazar audardy.

Onyng enbekterinde:

Qoqan avtonomiyasy qazaq qayratkerlerimen tyghyz baylanys ornatugha úmtylghany;

Týrkistan halyqtarynyng ortaq sayasy kenistigin qalyptastyru iydeyasy bolghany kórsetiledi.

Tomohiko Uyama jәne Ryosuke Ono (Japoniya)

Japon tarihshylary búryn ghylymy ainalymgha týspegen diplomatiyalyq qújattardy zerttedi.

Olardyng enbekterinen belgili bolghany:

Alash Orda Japoniya jәne Antanta elderimen baylanys ornatugha әreket jasaghan;

Rayymjan Mәrsekovting Vladivostoktaghy kelissózderi;

Alash ýkimetining halyqaralyq qoldau izdegeni.

Búl zertteuler Alashtyng syrtqy sayasaty turaly jana mәlimetter engizdi.

Mústafa Shoqaydyng emigrasiyalyq enbekteri

Parijde jaryq kórgen «Yash Týrkistan» jurnaly men Mústafa Shoqaydyng enbekteri Batystaghy negizgi derekkózderding birine ainaldy.

Onda:

Qoqan avtonomiyasynyng qúryluy;

bolishevikterding Qoqandy kýshpen jongy;

Alash pen Týrkistan qayratkerlerining ózara baylanysy jan-jaqty bayandalady.

Sheteldik tarihnamanyng ortaq qorytyndysy

Kópshilik sheteldik zertteushiler myna mәselelerde ortaq pikirge keledi:

Alash avtonomiyasy — qazaq últtyq memlekettiligining alghashqy demokratiyalyq jobasy.

Qoqan avtonomiyasy — Týrkistan halyqtarynyng kópúltty avtonomiyalyq memleket qúru әreketi.

Eki avtonomiya da Reseyden tolyq bólinudi emes, federativtik avtonomiyany maqsat etti.

Ekeui de últtyq parlament, zang ýstemdigi jәne azamattyq qúqyqtardy qorghau qaghidalaryn ústandy.

Olardyng kýireui, negizinen, azamat soghysy jaghdayy men bolisheviktik әskeriy-sayasy ýstemdikting ornauymen baylanysty boldy.

Negizgi sheteldik әdebiyetter:

Richard Pipes — The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–1923.

Martha Brill Olcott — The Kazakhs.

Adeeb Khalid — Making Uzbekistan; Central Asia: A New History from the Imperial Conquests to the Present.

Edward Allworth (red.) — Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance.

Alexandre Bennigsen & Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay — Islam in the Soviet Union jәne Týrkistan jónindegi enbekteri.

Baymirza Hayit — Turkestan Between Russia and China.

Tomohiko Uyama — Alash qozghalysy men japon arhivteri boyynsha maqalalar.

Ryosuke Ono — Alash Ordanyng halyqaralyq diplomatiyasyna arnalghan arhivtik zertteuler.

Osynday salystyrmaly taldaulardyng negizinde qazirgi halyqaralyq tarihnama Alash avtonomiyasy men Qoqan avtonomiyasyn HH ghasyr basyndaghy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy últtyq memlekettilik pen demokratiyalyq janghyrudyng ózara sabaqtas eki jobasy retinde baghalaydy.

Álihan Bókeyhan men Mústafa Shoqay turaly bólek jazatyn bolamyn.

Ómir Shynybekúly

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