Imam, iman jәne ipoteka. Nemese kredit Islamgha qayshy ma?
Býgin "Ekspress.K" saytynan din salasy ókilining ipotekanyng sharighatqa qayshy keletini jóninde uaghyz aitqany turaly oqydym.

Sayt jazuynsha, imam óz uaghyzynda "jaldamaly pәterde túrghan abzal, óitkeni úrpaq imandy bolyp ósedi" dep pikir bildirgen eken.

Pәter jaldaghan adamnyng ne ózi, ne bala-shaghasy imandy bolyp keterine jeke mening kýmәnim bar. Biraq jalpy osy taqyryp óte qyzyq әri ritorikalyq bolyp keledi. Osyndaghy eki súraqqa kópten beri jauap izdegenmin jәne onyng nәtiyjesi turaly sizdermen bólise otyrayyn.

Birinshi súraq. Pәter jaldau dúrys pa, ipoteka dúrys pa?

Ekeuining de artyqshylyqtary men kemshilikteri bar.

Pәter jaldau plusteri:
1. Kez-kelgen uaqytta ýy auystyra alasyz jәne júmysynyzgha jaqyn jerde túra alasyz;
2. Pәter jaldau aqysy ipotekalyq tólemnen az boluy mýmkin;
3. Remont, basqa da shyghyndar joq.

Minusteri:
1. Kez-kelgen uaqytta (qojayynnyng kónil-kýiine baylanysty) dalada qaluynyz mýmkin;
2. Úzaq uaqyt tólegeninizben, ózinizde nәtiyjesinde eshtene qalmaydy;
3. Qonaq kýtu, tynyshtyq saqtau boyynsha sheuteuler boluy mýmkin.

Ipoteka plusteri:
1. Tólemderdi óz ýiiniz ýshin jasaysyz;
2. Balalarynyzgha múra qalady;
3. Eshkim ýiden qua almaydy, shekteu qoymaydy;
4. Baghanyng qúbyluy sizge әser etpeydi.

Minusteri:
1. Qaryzgha úzaq uaqyt baylanu;
2. Mobilidilikti joghaltu. Kóship-qonyp jýre almaysyz;
3. Kredittik sharshau sindromy.

Qaysysy dúrys? Ony tek óziniz sheshuiniz tiyis. Imam da, ipoteka mamany da búl tandauda kómekshi bola almaydy.

Ekinshi súraq. Islam jәne ipoteka mәselesi

Klassikalyq kredittin, yaghny ipotekanyng ajyramas bóligi – bank prosenti. Onsyz kredit jýiesi júmys istey almaydy. Biraq islamda ol ósim – «Riba» dep atalady jәne onymen ainalysu, oghan qatysty bolu auyr kýnәning birine jatqyzylghan. Jalpy, ribanyng eki týri bar, prosentke qatystysy – «Riba an Nasia» dep atalady. Osy kezde dindi berik ústanatyn, biraq baspanaly bolu ýshin ipotekadan basqa jol tappay túrghan azamattarymyz qiyn jaghdaygha tap bolady.

Bir auyz sózben aitqanda, sharighatty búzbay, ipotekagha ýy alugha bola ma?
Iya, bolady. Sharighatty saqtap Astana, Almaty, Shymkent jәne Týrkistan qalalarynda ýy alugha bolady. Bizdegi islam bankingining jalghyz operatory – Al-Hilal bank osy qalalarda ghana júmys isteydi. Biraq islam ipotekasyna mysaly Atyrau men Aqtóbe syndy ónirlerden súranys óte joghary. Sondyqtan Al-Hilal bank osyny eskerip, basqa qalalardan da óz ókildikterin ashsa dúrys bolar edi.

Islam ipotekasy «Murabaha» qúraly arqyly júmys isteydi. Ol sauda prinsipterine negizdelgen. Mysaly, siz kliyent retinde ýy tandaysyz. Ol tek qana jana, bastapqy boluy shart emes. Qoldan (vtorichka) alugha da bolady. Ýy tandaysyz da, 30 payyz alghashqy jarnasyn tóleysiz. Odan keyin qalghan 70 payyzyn Al-Hilal bank ózi qosady da, baryp sol ýidi bankting atyna satyp alady. Ýstine aqsha qosady da, jana bagha taghayyndaydy. Sóitip, sizge sol ýidi prosentsiz rassrochkagha beredi.

Mysaly, bank siz tandaghan ýidi satushydan 10 million tengege satyp aldy. Onyng 3 million tengesi sizdiki. Bank 7 million tenge tóledi. Endi bank sol ýiding jana baghasyn 9 million tenge dep taghayyndaydy da, sizge rassrochkagha berdi. Siz 10 jyl boyy 9 million tengeni prosentsiz tólep, bankke qaytaryp otyrasyz (ayyna 75 myng tenge). Ýy bankting atynda bolady. Biraq aqshany tolyq tólep bitkennen kein, bank ýidi sizding atynyzgha jazyp beredi. Áriyne, islam banki sózsiz búdan payda tabady. Onsyz bolmaydy. Biraq formaldy týrde sharighat búzylmaghandyqtan, siz de, bank te kýnә arqalamaysyz.

Jalpy islam ipotekasyna kelgende birinshi kezekke tiyimdilik emes, sharighatty búzbay baspanaly bolu mýmkindigin qoy kerek. Demek, qarjy naryghynda din jolyndaghy adamdargha da teng mýmkindikter qarastyrylyp jatyr degen sóz. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy islam bankingining perspektivasy zor.

Osydan biz ipoteka men Islam bir-birine qarama-qayshy emes ekenin kóremiz. Ipoteka sharighat ayasynda zandasyp, garmoniyalyq ýilesim tapty.

Aybar Oljaev

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