Qazaqstan óz tәuelsizdigin jariyalaghannan keyin el shejiresine respublikanyng oblystary men qalalarynda azamattyq qogham instituttarynyng qúryluy jәne damu tarihy atty jana paraq qosyldy. Azamattyq qoghamnyng damuy demokratiyalyq, zayyrly, qúqyqtyq jәne әleumettik memleket qúrudyng manyzdy sharty bolyp tabylady. Qoghamnyng algha jyljuy da, demokratiyalyq baghytta damu da, ekonomikalyq órleu de azamattardyng qogham ómirining barlyq manyzdy salalaryna belsendi qatysuynyng arqasynda jýzege asatyn qúbylystar. Sondyqtan azamattyq qoghamnyng belsendi boluy kez-kelgen memleketting túraqty damuynyng berik negizi bolyp tabylady.

Azamattyq qoghamda jeke túlghalar ózin-ózi tanytu mýmkindigine ie bolyp, «adam — qogham — memleket» ýshtigining proporsionaldy týrde damu ýrdisin jyldamdatady. Múnday ýrdis elding ekonomikalyq-sayasy damuy men halyqtyng əl- auqatynyn, mədeniyeti men sana-sezim dengeyining artuymen birge ornaytyn qúbylys bolyp tabylady. «Adam — qogham — memleket» ýshtigining damuy azamattardyng óz jýris-túrysyn jeke mýddelerine negizdep, ərbir əreketine jauapkershilik aludy ýiretedi.

Azamattyq qogham qalyptasuynyng shartty týrde ýsh kezenin bólip qarastyrugha bolady. Birinshi kezende qoghamnyng azamattyq jәne memlekettik salalary bolyp bólinedi.

Azamattyq qogham men memlekettik biylik apparatynyng ózara is-qimyly qazirgi demokratiyalyq tetikter: saylau, referendumdar, mitingiler, petisiyalar jәne taghy basqalary arqyly bastalady. Negizinen qoghamdyq ómirding jeke salasy damidy, adamdardyng jeke mýddelerine qyzmet etetin әrtýrli instituttar men úiymdar payda bolady. Búl kezende klassikalyq kapitalizm jýiesi basym bolyp keledi: jeke menshik, naryqtyq ekonomika, erkin bәsekelestik. Kezenning negizgi sanatyna kәsipkerler men júmysshylar kiredi. Naryqtyq ekonomikalyq jýiesi bar qúqyqtyq memlekette azamattyq qogham kedergisiz qalyptasady.

Ekinshi kezende ómirding qoghamdyq salasy damy bastaydy. Ár týrli әleumettik toptardyng ekonomikalyq mýddelerin óz betinshe qorghaugha mәjbýr bolghan azamattyq qogham búl mindetterdi memleketke beredi, sonyng arqasynda memleket tek qúqyqtyq ghana emes, sonymen birge әleumettik qúrylymgha ainala bastaydy. Búl kezende kapitalister men jaldamaly júmysshylardyng mýddeleri arasyndaghy qaqtyghys bәsendeydi. Qoghamdaghy әrtýrli әleumettik toptar mәmilege keluge tyrysady. Múnda negizgi oryndy orta tap alady, sonymen qatar qyzmet kórsetu salasynyng pozisiyalary nyghayady: menedjerler, kәsipkerler, taldaushylar.

Azamattyq qogham qalyptasuynyng songhy kezeninde onyng jahandanuy men pluralizasiyasy basymdyq beredi. Taptyq kýres bolmaydy, qogham taptary arasyndaghy arazdyq is jýzinde joyylady. Ár týrli әleumettik toptardyng arasynda arazdyq oty tútanbay, tek qana mәdeny erekshelikterine baylanysty әr týrli kózqarasta boluy mýmkin. Azamattyq qoghamnyng әr týrli subektileri ózderining strategiyalary men damu joldarymen jýredi. Al, qoghamnyng ózi әleumettik toptardyn, taptardyn, etnikalyq toptargha qatysty toleranttylyq ústanady.

Europa elderining tarihyna ýniler bolsaq, azamattyq qogham eki jolmen qalyptasqan: memleketting qatysuymen jəne memleketting qatysuynsyz. Memleketting qatysuymen zandar qabyldanady jəne jariyalanyp, demokratiyalyq jýie damidy. Memleketting qatysuynsyz qoghamdyq-sayasy qozghalystar men búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary azamattyq qogham qalyptastyru isine júmyla kirisedi.

Qazaqstandaghy azamattyq qoghamnyng negizgi qaghidattary iydeologiyalyq jәne sayasy әrtýrlilikti tanu, memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq instituttardy bólu, el azamattarynyng sayasi, qoghamdyq, kәsiptik birlestikter qúru qúqyqtaryn zanmen bekitu dep aita alamyz. Azamattyq qoghamnyng qúryluy qúqyqtyq memleketting damu dengeyine tikeley baylanysty.

1991 jylghy 16 jeltoqsanda Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng tәuelsizdigi jariyalanghannan keyin kýshti preziydenttik biylik jәne demokratiya qaghidattaryna, adam qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryna negizdelgen jana sayasy jýieni qalyptastyru prosesi bastaldy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynda azamattyq qogham ózining qalyptasuy men damuynda eki tarihy kezennen ótti. Ótken ghasyrdyng 1990 jyldarynyng basynda barlyq postkenestik elderde demokratiyalyq reformalar bastalyp, qoghamdyq sayasy jýiening týbegeyli ózgeruimen ayaqtalghany belgili. Sodan keyin azamattyq qoghamnyng alghashqy instituttary ekonomikanyng memlekettik emes sektor qyzmetkerlerining mýddelerin qorghaytyn tәuelsiz kәsipodaqtar payda bola bastady. Artynsha әleumettik qorghau koalisiyasy payda boldy. Onda 28 týrli úiymdar, partiyalar, qozghalystar biriktirilip, sol jyldardaghy qordalanghan ótkir әleumettik mәselelerdi sheshu ýshin seriktesip júmys istedi.

2000 jylghy jeltoqsanda "Áleumettik әriptestik turaly" QR Zany qabyldandy, ol memlekettik sayasat dәrejesine biylik, júmys berushiler men qyzmetkerlerding mýddelerin kelisu mәselelerin kóterdi. Osylaysha әleumettik prosester seriktestik zannamalyq rәsimdeuden ótti.

Azamattyq sektor instituttaryn qalyptastyrudaghy manyzdy oqighanyng biri – Qazaqstannyng búrynghy Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng qatysuymen ótken alghashqy forum edi. 2003 jyly el ómirinde eleuli kýshke ainalghan qazaqstandyq azamattyq qoghamnyng jýieli qalyptasuy men damuy bastaldy. Azamattyq qoghamnyng qalyptasuynyng bastapqy kezenindegi manyzdy oqigha 1994 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda QR Preziydentining Áleumettik әriptestik jónindegi respublikalyq ýshjaqty komissiya qúru turaly sheshim qabyldauy boldy.

2003-2005 jyldary demokratiya mәseleleri jónindegi Últtyq komissiya júmys istedi. Komissiyanyng júmysy qoghamdyq qatynastardy demokratiyalandyrugha jәne Qazaqstandaghy azamattyq qogham instituttarynyng damuyna ýlken ýles qosty.

Azamattyq qogham damuynyng ekinshi kezeni 2006 jylghy tamyzda "Qazaqstan Respublikasynda azamattyq qoghamdy damytudyng 2006-2011 jyldargha arnalghan tújyrymdamasyn" qabyldaudan bastaldy. Onda Túnghysh Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng birinshi forumda sóilegen sózinde aiqyndaghan mindetterine sәikes 2011 jylgha deyingi azamattyq qogham instituttaryn damytudyng naqty joldary men tetikteri bayandaldy.

Azamattyq sektor tarihyndaghy ekinshi kezenning basynda Qazaqstanda resmy týrde әrtýrli baghyttaghy 5820 ýkimettik emes úiym (ÝEÚ) boldy. Búl 12 sayasy partiya, 3340 qoghamdyq qor, 1072 zandy túlghalar qauymdastyghy, 471 últtyq mәdeny ortalyq, 40-tan astam konfessiyany bildiretin 3340 diny birlestik edi.

Sonymen qatar, respublikada әr týrli menshik nysanyndaghy 6646 Búqaralyq aqparat qúraly boldy. 2005 jylghy sәuirde qabyldanghan "Memlekettik әleumettik tapsyrys turaly" QR Zany ÝEÚ-dardyng týrli әleumettik jobalardy iske asyrugha qatysuyna mýmkindik berdi.

Býgingi tanda Qazaqstannyng ýkimettik emes sektory óz qatarynda 22 mynnan astam ÝEÚ bar. Qazaqstandyq ýkimettik emes úiymdar halyqtyng jekelegen sanattaryna kómek kórsetu jәne qyzmet kórsetu, biylik qúrylymdarymen birlesip sayasy jәne ruhany sipattaghy belgili bir is-sharalardy ótkizu mindetterin atqarady.

El basshylyghy azamattyq qogham instituttaryn nyghaytudy, Parlamenttegi sayasy partiyalardyng rólin kýsheytudi, saylau zannamasyn jetildirudi, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng bostandyghyn qamtamasyz etudi kózdeytin sayasy jýieni jetildirumen keledi.

Tәuelsizdik alghan sәtten bastap Qazaqstannyng azamattyq qoghamy túraqtylyq pen institusionaldyq dәstýrlerdi saqtauda memleketting senimdi seriktesi bolghan birneshe úiymdardan býkil institutqa deyingi joldan ótti.

2019 jyly Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng «Syndarly qoghamdyq dialog – Qazaqstannyng túratylyghy men órkendeuining negizi» atty Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauyn iske asyru maqsatynda Qazaqstannyng azamattyq qoghamdy damytu tújyrymdamasy bekitildi.

Azamattyq qoghamdy damytudyng 2020-2025 jyldargha arnalghan tújyrymdamasynda azamattyq qogham dep adamgha ózining azamattyq qúqyqtaryn iske asyrugha mýmkindik beretin jәne qogham mýshelerining әrtýrli qajettilikteri men mýddelerin bildiretin memlekettik emes qoghamdyq qatynastar men instituttar jýiesi týsiniledi. Dýniyejýzilik bankting anyqtamasy boyynsha:

"Azamattyq qogham qauymdastyq toptary, ýkimettik emes úiymdar, kәsipodaqtar, jergilikti toptar, qayyrymdylyq jәne diny úiymdar, kәsiptik birlestikter men qorlardyng keng auqymyn bildiredi".

Azamattyq qoghamnyng damu dәrejesi demokratiyanyng damu dengeyin kórsetedi. Tútastay alghanda, demokratiyalyq rejim sayasy túraqtylyqtyng negizi retinde memleket pen azamattyq qoghamnyng tyghyz ózara is-qimylyn boljaydy.

Azamattyq qogham men qúqyqtyq memleketting qalyptasuynyng ózara baylanysyn birneshe sebeptermen týsindiruge bolady, nege búl prosester bir-birinen bólek ómir sýre almaydy jәne nege bireuining damuy men júmys isteui ekinshisining tikeley ózgeruine әkeledi. Birinshiden, azamattyq qogham sayasy biylikting absolutti ýstemdikke úmtyluynyng "tejeu" jәne "tepe-tendik" jýiesindegi manyzdy jәne kýshti tetikterding biri bolyp tabylady. Osy missiyany oryndau ýshin onyng kóptegen qarajaty bar: saylau nauqandary men referendumdargha belsendi qatysu, qoghamdyq pikirdi qalyptastyruda ýlken mýmkindikter, belgili bir memlekettik reformalardy jýrgizuge qarsylyq nauqanyn úiymdastyruda mýmkindikter. Ekinshiden, azamattyq qoghamnyng ózi memlekettik qoldaudy qajet etedi, sondyqtan úiymdardyng ókilderi birqatar memlekettik organdardyng júmysyna belsendi qatysady. Ýshinshiden, memleket azamattyq qoghammen ózara is-qimylgha joghary dәrejede mýddeli, óitkeni búl sayasy biylikting zandylyghynyng qaynar kózi bolyp tabylatyn azamattyq qogham, kýrdeli kezenderde azamattyq qogham memleketti qoldaytyn quatty kýshke ainalady. Tórtinshiden, azamattyq qoghamnyng ereksheligi, ony qúraytyn úiymdardyng derbes sipaty men tәuelsizdigi olardyng is-әreketterining boljanbaytyndyghyn joqqa shygharmaydy, sondyqtan memleketting onyng damuyn baqylaudyng әrtýrli formalaryn qúrugha baghyttalghan kýsh-jigeri qisyndy bolyp tabylady.

Elimizde qoghamdyq kenesterding mәrtebesin kvaziymemlekettik sektorgha engizu arqyly kýsheytu josparlanuda. Býgingi tanda qoghamdyq kenester barlyq memlekettik organdarda bar. Taldau qoghamdyq kenester qúrylymynda ÝEÚ-dardyng jandanghanyn kórsetedi. Qoghamdyq kenester qúramyndaghy ÝEÚ mýshelerining ýlesi 10% - gha ósti. Songhy 30 jylda ýkimettik emes úiymdar jelisi 100 ÝEÚ-dan 22 myngha deyin ósti. Elde ÝEÚ –dardyng jana jәne jetkilikti kýshti bastamalary payda boldy, olardyng kópshiligi qogham ýshin qyzmetterding keng spektrin iske asyra otyryp, tabysty júmys isteydi. Is jýzinde azamattyq qogham instituttary jyl sayyn memleket pen qogham ómirining sayasi, әleumettik, ekonomikalyq, mәdeniy-gumanitarlyq salalarynda kórinis tauyp keledi. Kez-kelgen zamanauy memleket qoghamnyng ótkir mәselelerin tiyimdi sheshuge kómektesetin senimdi seriktesterge múqtaj. Olardyng bolmauy qoghamnyng kez-kelgen progressivti damuyn joqqa shygharatyny belgili.

Azamattyq qogham úiymdarynyng qyzmeti ýshin qúqyqtyq negizder qúryldy jәne jetildirilu ýstinde. Preziydentting Jarlyghymen úzaq merzimdi perspektivada azamattyq sektordy damytudyng negizgi baghyttaryn – Qazaqstan Respublikasynda azamattyq qoghamdy damytudyng 2020-2030 jyldargha arnalghan tújyrymdamasyn aiqyndaytyn jana strategiyalyq qújatta azamattyq sektor qyzmetin transformasiyalau boyynsha jana tәsilder josparlanghan. Tújyrymdamada belgilengen sharalar keshenin iske asyru 2030 jylgha deyin jalghaspaq. Ol kezeng boyynsha jýzege asyrylady: birinshi kezeng 2020-2025 jyldar jәne ekinshi kezeng 2026-2030 jyldar. Azamattyq qoghamdy damytu tújyrymdamasy 6 bólimnen túrady jәne 5 negizgi baghytqa bólingen.

1) Azamattyq qogham men onyng instituttaryn, onyng ishinde qoghamdyq-sayasy salada damytu ýshin qolayly jaghdaylar jasau;

2) azamattyq belsendilikti qoldau jәne damytu;

3) azamattar men azamattyq qogham instituttarynyng sheshimder qabyldau jәne memlekettik isterdi basqaru prosesine qatysu dengeyin arttyru;

4) azamattyq qogham instituttarynyng әleuetin nyghaytu;

5) Azamattyq qoghamdy BÚÚ-nyng Qazaqstandaghy ornyqty damu maqsattaryn implementasiyalaugha tartu.

Búl tújyrymdama qogham damuynyng basqa da manyzdy paradigmalarymen ýilestirilgenin atap ótkenimiz manyzdy. Mysaly, memleket songhy kezderi kez-kelgen azamattyq qoghamdy damytudyng negizi retinde jergilikti ózin-ózi basqarudy damytugha basa nazar audaryp keledi. Búl turaly "Jergilikti memlekettik basqaru jәne ózin-ózi basqaru turaly" Zangha tiyisti ózgerister engizilgeni aighaqtaydy.

Memleket azamattyq qoghamnyng barlyq subektilerimen seriktestik qatynastar ornatu olardy qoghamnyng ózekti mәselelerin sheshuge tartu jóninde sharalar qabyldap jatyr. Qazirgi uaqytta respublikada ÝEÚ-darmen ózara is-qimyldyng әrtýrli dialogtyq formattary júmys isteydi. Memlekettik organdardyng ÝEÚ-men tiyimdi júmys isteui maqsatynda birqatar tetikter qalyptastyryldy. Ýkimettik emes úiymdar men memlekettik organdar arasyndaghy yntymaqtastyqtyng negizgi nysany tizbesi memlekettik baghdarlamalardyng negizgi baghyttaryn, halyqaralyq tәjiriybeni, sonday-aq ýkimettik emes úiymdardan týsetin úsynystardy eskere otyryp qalyptastyrylatyn memlekettik әleumettik tapsyrys shenberinde әleumettik manyzy bar jobalardy iske asyru bolyp tabylady.

Azamattyq qogham instituttaryn qarjylyq qoldaudyng qúraldary memlekettik syilyqtar men granttyq qarjylandyru bolyp tabylady. ÝEÚ-ny memlekettik qoldaugha biylghy jyly syilyqtar týrinde jalpy somasy 83 mln 340 myng tengege 38 ÝEÚ ie boldy. ÝEÚ jobalaryn qarjylandyru 1 mln tengeden 27 mlrd tengege deyin úlghaytyldy.

Qazaqstanda azamattyq qoghamnyng qalyptasuy jana ýrdister tughyzdy, búrynnan bar qoghamdyq úiymdargha ózgerister engizdi, jana úiymdar men birlestikterding qúryluyna әkeldi.

Qazaqstan jýrip ótken jol ekonomikalyq prosesterding tabysty damuyn jәne azamattardyng sayasy qúqyqtary men bostandyqtarynyng saqtaluyn kórsetti. Qúqyqtyq memleket pen azamattyq qoghamdy birlesip damytudyng mәni — qoghamdy demokratiyalandyru prosesine jәrdemdesu, jeke bas bostandyghynyn, adamnyng ar-namysy men qadir-qasiyetining kepildikterin nyghaytu.

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