1-surette: (onnan solgha qaray) Mirjaqyp Dulatúly, Álihan Bókeyhan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly

2-surette: "Qazaq" gazetining birinshi beti

3-surette: filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Gharifolla Ánes

Biyl - «Qazaq» gazetining 100 jyldyghy. Qazaq baspasózining qarlyghashy hәm búlaq basy osynau gazet tútas últty jana sapagha kótergen basylym. «Qazaq» gazeti - últtyng shamshyraghy.

Álihan Bókeyhan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly, Mirjaqyp Dulatúly syndy ýsh alyp bәiterekting qara tyrnaqtarynan hәl ketkenshe últyna qyzmet etkendigining ólmes aighaghy da osy - «Qazaq».

«Qazaq» qazaqtyng jana zamanda sayasy últ bolyp qalyptasuyna negiz bolghan әri birden bir joqshysy bola bilgen gazet.

Osy jyldyng ón boyynda jaryq kórgenine bir ghasyr tolghan basylym jayly maqalalardy jariya etip,  ótkiziletin is-sharalar turasynda da tolyqtay habar berip otyratyn bolamyz.

Tómende filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Gharifolla Ánesting «Qazaq» gazeti jónindegi maqalasyn jariyalap otyrmyz.

Abai.kz

1-surette: (onnan solgha qaray) Mirjaqyp Dulatúly, Álihan Bókeyhan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly

2-surette: "Qazaq" gazetining birinshi beti

3-surette: filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Gharifolla Ánes

Biyl - «Qazaq» gazetining 100 jyldyghy. Qazaq baspasózining qarlyghashy hәm búlaq basy osynau gazet tútas últty jana sapagha kótergen basylym. «Qazaq» gazeti - últtyng shamshyraghy.

Álihan Bókeyhan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly, Mirjaqyp Dulatúly syndy ýsh alyp bәiterekting qara tyrnaqtarynan hәl ketkenshe últyna qyzmet etkendigining ólmes aighaghy da osy - «Qazaq».

«Qazaq» qazaqtyng jana zamanda sayasy últ bolyp qalyptasuyna negiz bolghan әri birden bir joqshysy bola bilgen gazet.

Osy jyldyng ón boyynda jaryq kórgenine bir ghasyr tolghan basylym jayly maqalalardy jariya etip,  ótkiziletin is-sharalar turasynda da tolyqtay habar berip otyratyn bolamyz.

Tómende filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Gharifolla Ánesting «Qazaq» gazeti jónindegi maqalasyn jariyalap otyrmyz.

Abai.kz

Adamzat balasy qalasyn meyli qalamasyn, jýzjyldyqtar almasuynda, ghasyrlar toghysynda sonshama onjyldyqtarda pisip-jetilgen, kemerine tolghan oqigha-qúbylystardyng sel-tasqynyna dushar bolmaq. Biri ghalamat zardabymen mәngi tarih shejiresine jazylar, biri tirshilik damuynda esten ketpes sekiris qarqynymen, ózgeris dýmpuimen dýnie kóshin algha sýirer, qalay desek te, zamana-uaqyt óz sózin aitpaq. Áriyne, sol sәtte tughan halqyn,  atajúrtyng kóshten qalmay, kópke ilesip kele jatsa...

1904 JYLY dýniyeden qazaqtyng qaytalanbas qara shaldarynyng biri hәm biregeyi úly Abay ótti. Sol tústa filosof-aqynnyng aty men danqy ozbyr orystyng bes aimaq-gubernatorlyghyna qaraytyn kiygiz tuyrlyqty qazaq júrtynyng tek shyghys oblystaryna, óz tóniregine ghana belgili-túghyn. Bir shýkirshiligi, sol tústa Alashtyng sózin ústap, kósem shyghugha úmtylghan asyl tekti Álihandardyng aqyl-kenesimen Abaydyng taghdyr kermesinen aman qalghan úrpaqtary әke-ata múracyn uaqyt suytpay jinap-terip, hatqa týsirip ýlgerdi.

On toghyzynshy ghasyrdyng songhy 50-60 jyl bederinde qyrda tughanymen qala-duanda túratyn, basqa qalpaq, ýstine surtuk kiygen «qazaq oqyghandary» atty sayasiy-әleumettik top payda boldy. Olardyng keybiri internatta oqyp, tilmәsh bolghan, halyq ýstinen kýn kórip, nanyn aiyrghan agha buyn «oqyghandargha» úqsamady jәne úqsaghysy da kelmedi. Óitkeni mesheu Reseyding ózinde sayasy qazan búrq-sarq qaynap, aqparat tasqyny beleng ala bastap edi. Ilim-ghylymnyng kilti men mәdeniyet-ónerding qaymaghy Omby men Orynbordan, tipten Mәskeu men Peterbordan da әride, Europada elderinde, zamananyng zyryldauyq tegershigi irgege qondyrmasa da birshama jaqyndatqan Prussiya men Austriya, Fransiya men Britaniya siyaqty zamanauy alpauyt «aqpatshalar» da barlyghyn úqqan, dara biylikke úmtylghan kәnigi sayasatkerler, qaghaz-qalamdy qaru men kәsip qylghan jana buyn qalyptasa bastady. Olar mal jiyp, Qarabay bolghysy kelmedi, júmys ber, qyzmet qylam dep oyaz-jandaraldy da jaghalamady. Últ júmysy, júrt namysy degendi týsine qoyatyn eli bolmasa da, kóp ýstinen esep aiyryp, enshi-ýles bólispese de altybaqan alty Alashty úiystyram, ózim soghan úiytqy bolam dep úiqy-kýlkiden aiyryldy. Qazaqtyng úzyn-yrgha tarihyndaghy han men súltan, batyr men er, by men qazy siyaqty sahara sahnasyna qoghamdyq qajettilikting óteuindey halqyna qaltqysyz qyzmet etpek niyettegi «oqyghan-toqyghandar», «oqyghan azamattar» úlan-ghayyr da býirek-býirek bólshektengen Úly Dala tósinin  әr qiyrynan tasqa shyqqan shynarday shyndalyp shyqty. Zamanynda tandy talpynys-armanmen atyryp, týndi ýkili ýmit-kýdikpen batyrghan, býginderi barshamyz «Alash arystary» dep asqaqtatqan asyldarymyz turaly sonau bir auyzgha qaqpaq qoyylghan zamannyng ózinde úly Múhtar Áuezov: «Qazaq júrtynyng ótken kýnderine kóz salghanda, oqyghan azamattarynyng artynan ergen kýnderi az da bolsa maghynalyraq, tәuir kýnderining biri dep sanalady», - dep ah úra kýrsingen edi...

1905 JYL, MAUSYM AYY. Qazaq oqyghandary Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde bazarshy kópke ýgit-nasihat aityp, Resey Imperiyasynyng Ministrler Komiytetining Tóraghasyna jazylghan petisiyagha 13 myngha juyq qyr qazaghynyng qolyn qoyghyzdy. Otarlyq ezgige týsken Dala ólkesi  qazaghynyng mún-múqtajy 11 baptan túratyn búl ýshbu «Qarqaraly petisiyasy» atalyp ketken tarihy talap-ótinishte tolyq qamtyldy deuge bolady:

«..1...Vvidu izlojennogo neobhodimy: svoboda sovesti, organizasiya osobogo dlya kirgiz (búl ataudy «qazaq» dep oqyp-týsinu qajettigin kózi qaraqty oqyrman bilerine kýmәn joq. - Gh.Á.) Stepnogo kraya vybornogo duhovnogo upravleniya nezavisimo ot vedomstv, ustanovlenie yavochnogo poryadka postroyky shkol y mechetey y otmena senzury na duhovnye knigy na kirgizskom, tatarskom y arabskom yazykah, peredacha metricheskih zapisy v organy duhovnogo upravleniya y ustanovlenie zakonnogo poryadka vydachy zagranichnyh pasportov.

2....Vvidu izlojennogo neobhodima pravilinaya postanovka prosvetiytelinogo dela v kirgizskoy stepi, dlya chego nujny: dopushenie v aulinyh shkolah prepodovaniya kirgizskoy gramoty, prepodavanie v etih shkolah na yazyke detey y obyazatelinoe izuchenie gosudarstvennogo yazyka, vosstanovlenie uprazdnennyh internatov y pansiona pry Omskoy gimnazii, a takje otkrytie pansiona dlya kirgizskih detey pry Semipalatinskoy gimnazii, uvelichenie chisla sushestvuishih stiypendiy dlya postupleniya v professionalinye shkoly y vysshie uchebnye zavedeniya.

3. Dlya vyyasneniya tekushih nujd kirgizskogo naroda neobhodimo izdanie gazet na kirgizskom yazyke, dlya chego trebuetsya ustanovlenie yavochnogo poryadka na izdanie gazet bez predvariytelinoy senzury y na otkrytie tipografiiy.

4.Za poslednie 15 let proishodit kolonizasiya Stepnogo kraya. S kajdym godom zemli, nahodyashegosya v polizovaniy kirgizov, umenishaitsya. Skotovodcheskoe hozyaystva po sushestvu svoemu ne mojet byti ekstensivnym y trebuet obshirnyh pastbish dlya svoego sushestvovaniya. Pod pereselencheskie uchastky otnimaitsya luchshie ugodiya y presnovodnoe istochniki, poetomu neobhodimo priznati zemli, zanimaemye kirgizami, ih sobstvennostiu.

...7. V volostnyh kanselyariyah deloproizvodstvo vedetsya na russkom yazyke. Vsledstvie otsutstviya kontrolya so storony naseleniya, poslednee slujit predmetom ekspluatasiy pisarya volostnogo upraviytelya (volostnogo starshiny). Po osobomu rasporyajenii Stepnogo general-gubernatora prigovory y resheniya na chrezvychaynyh sezdah narodnyh sudey pishutsya na russkom yazyke, chto vedet k neobychaynuy zloupotreblenii pisarya, vsledstvie otsutstviya kontrolya sudey y storon. Po shtatu deystvuyshego Stepnogo polojeniya polagaitsya perevodchiky kirgizskogo yazyka v uezdah y oblastyah pravleniya. Mejdu tem, mestnaya administrasiya doljnosti perevodchika zameshaet russkimy chinovnikami, ne znaishimy kirgizskoy gramoty, inogda yazyka, priybegaya v sluchae nadobnosty k uslugam tretiih liys. Inye krestiyanskie nachaliniky ne prinimait prosheniya na kirgizskom yazyke, chto zastavlyaet kirgiz obrashatisya k podpolinom advokatam bez vsyakoy polizy svoego dela.

V interesah kirgiz neobhodimy: vvedenie deloproizvodstvo v volostnyh kanselyariyah y v narodnyh sudah na kirgizskom yazyke, zameshenie doljnosty perevodchikov ludimi, znaishimy kirgizskiy yazyk y gramotu, vosstanovlenie narushennyh prav kirgiz podavati prosheniya na svoem rodnom yazyke.

8. Neobhodimym usloviyem pravilinogo otpravleniya pravosudiya yavlyaetsya znaniya sudom yazyka naroda, kotoromu on slujiyt. Mejdu tem, v kirgizskoy stepy slujat sudiyamy y sledovatelyamy russkiye, ne znaiyshie yazyk naroda, a kirgizy-iristy pochemu-to ne naznachaitsya v uezdy s kirgizskim naseleniyem, otchego stradaet delo pravosudiya v Stepnom krae.

Poetomu neobhodimo, chtob sudiy znaly kirgizskiy yazyk y chtoby byl vveden sud prisyajnyh v kirgizskoy stepiy.

...10. Na osnovaniy 17 st. Stepnogo polojeniya Stepnoy general-gubernator iymeet pravo vysylati kirgiz v administrativnom poryadke. Tak kak ot priymeneniya oznachennoy statiy postradala massa nevinnyh liys, to v interesah zakonnosty y prava neobhodima otmena etoy statiy s ustanovleniyem zakonnoy otvetstvennosty za prestuplenie pered sudom.

11. Vysochayshim Reskriptom 18 fevralya tekushego goda sari nash s vysoty Prestola vozvestiyl, chto on sozyvaet «dostoyneyshih doveriyem naroda oblechennyh ludey» v russkoe zakonodatelinoe sobraniye. Dlya zashity interesov y prav kirgizskogo naroda neobhodimo uchastie ego deputatov v oznachennom zakonodatelinom sobraniiy.

Podlinnaya za podpisyamy 12767 liys».

IYә, múnday auyzbirshilik pen úiymshyldyqty, ózine tiyesili zandy qúqyqty talap etip, júlyndy-júlyndy mәsele kóterudegi naqtylyq pen sauattylyqty qyr qazaghynan jergilikti hәm joghary biylik iyeleri tipten de kýtpep edi. Petisiyanyng  astana Peterborgha jetkizilui men týsindirilui, artynsha jýrgizilgen tergeui men tekserilui, paydasy men zarar-zardabynyng ózi bir týiege jýk, sondyqtan tek tújyra aitpaghymyz: búl Mahambetting jalang qylyshy ne Múrattyng zar zamanynyng ashy aiqayy emes edi, Syrymnyng syrly soghysy men Kene hannyng qandy joryghyna da úqsamaytyn ózgeshe bir attanys, baskóteru, basbiriktiru-túghyn. Búl kózi ashyq, zan-zakongha jetik oqyghan azamattardyn, últyn mәdeny damu órine sýiregen aghartushy gumanisterlerdin, bay men kedeydi, bar men joqty teng kórgen halyqshyldardyn, til men dindi shyrylday qorghaghan millәtshilderdin, konstitusiyalyq-demokratiyalyq ózgeristerdi ansaghan barsha liyberal kýreskerlerding zapyran-zary-túghyn. Búl keshikpey Resey imperiyasyn astan-kesten etken, әlem bilip-kórmegen jana qoghamdyq-sayasy formasiya tughyzghan, joyqyn tónkeris-revolusiyalar qarsanyndaghy talay úrpaghy ýikýshik bop, alamandyghyn týgesken,  attan týsken qarusyz, qamsyz qyr qazaghynyng qaytadan atqa qonbasqa amaly qalmaghan bir almaghayyp kezi edi...

1905 JYL, TAMYZ AYY. «Halyqtar týrmesi» atanghan Resey imperiyasynda ghasyrlar boyy toqtausyz jýrgizilgen nebir jauyz da jymysqy ruhany otarshyldyqqa tótep berip, ózindik bet-beynesin saqtap qalghan birden-bir últ-millәt bolsa, ol - tatar-noghaylar (qazaq ol jyldarda tatar júrtyn «noghay» dep nypsylaytyn. - Á.Gh.). Ruhy biyik, dini berik, namysy joghary bauyrlas júrt dini men tilin shyrylday qorghap, mәdeny hәm sayasy túrghydan týrki-músylman júrtyna kóshbasshy, ýlgi-ónege tútar shamshyraq ghana bolyp qoyghan joq, әsirese bashqúrt, qazaq siyaqty kóshpeli túrmys-tirshiliginen qol ýzbegen, kapital-qordan júrday qandastaryna qomaqty qarajat talap etiletin tyng isterding bәrinde - molda ústap, mektep ashu, joghary bilim alu, kitap shygharu, gazet-jurnal bastyru, eng aqyry deputattyqqa saylanugha kepil bolu siyaqty ruhaniy-diny sharalargha sauapty demeushilik jasap, qaltasyndaghy songhy tengelerimen bólisti. Ong qolymyzdy keudege qoyyp, aqiqatqa jýginsek, býgingi Alashty auzynan tastamaytyn aghayyn ondaghan, tipten jýzdegen tatar millәtshilderinin, diny qayratkerlerinin, týrki birligi jolynan taymaghan aghartushy-kýreskerlerining esimi men erlikke para-par kósheli kósemdik isterin auyzdan tastamay, úrpaqtan-úrpaqqa miras qylyp otyrsa qanday ondy bolar edi deging keledi. Sonday asyl túlghanyng biri - diny hәm sayasy qayratker, jazushy, kósemsózshi, baspager, sýiegi qiyandaghy japonnyng Tokio qalasynda qalghan Abdrashid Ibragimov (1857-1944) bolatyn. Sóz arasynda onyng jas kezinde Kókshetau qalasynda, Aqmola oblysynda bala oqytqanyn, ózining Peterborda shygharyp túrghan «Ýlfәt» gazetine qosymsha retinde qazaq ghalymdary taba almay jýrgen «Serke» gazetin shygharmaq bolghanyn aita ketken jón. Alghashynda osy A.Ibragimov bastamashy bolyp, ony Qyrymdaghy IY.Gasprinskiy, әzerbayjan Á.Topchibaev, tatar Yu.Akchuriyn, qazaq S.Jantórinder jamyrasa  qoldap, býkilreseylik músylmandar siyezin ótkizuge qol jetkizedi. Nijniy Novgorod qalasyna Reseyding barsha aimaq-ólkelerinen jinalghan týrki-músylman delegattar jasyryn týrde 15 tamyzda «Gustav Strube» parohodynyng ýstinde bas qosyp, bir jaghadan bas shygharyp, «Músylmandar odaghyn» («Ittifak әl-muslimiyn») qúrady. Kýlli týrki-músylmannyng tuústary Ismayyl Gaspraly tóraghalyq etken búl basqosuda Ály Topchibaev kópting kókeyinde jýrgen, ózining baghdarlamalyq tarihy sózin jariya etedi: «Ey, músylman ýmbetteri, qandas bauyrlar, býgin men sonday baqyttymyn. Ony sózben aityp jetkizu mýmkin emes. Búl kýn mening esimde mәngilik qalady..  Búl kýn kýnderding kýninde kýlli Resey músylmandarynyn  merekesi bolyp atalyp óterine sóz joq...

Biz - bir taypa-tarmaqtan,  bir týp-tamyrdan,  bir dinnen taraghan týrkinin  úrpaqtarymyz.  Bizding babalarymyzdyng jeri  Maghyribtan  Mashriyqqa deyin sozylyp jatyr. Ata-babalarymyz erjýrek te ór keudeli edi... Býginde Qap taularynda,  Qyrym baularynda, Qazan dalasynda, bizding tarihy Otanymyzda, óz tughan topyraghymyzda bar qúqymyzdan aiyrylyp otyrmyz... Allagha myng shýkir,  qysym men qughyngha qaramastan  býgin biz túnyq sudyng ýstinde bir-birimizge jýregimizdi aiqara ashyp,  bir-birimizben qúshaqtasa amandasyp,  bir-birimizdi kóruge mýmkindik aldyq.   Eger býgin  su ýstinde sóz aitugha mýmkindik alsaq, bolashaqta júldyzdar arasynan oryn tauyp, merekemizdi sol jerde jalghastyratynymyzgha senimimiz mol...», - dep bayandamasyn jalyndy bastaghan ol imperiya qol astyndaghy músylman júrtynyng hal-ahualyna, diny jәne qúqyqtyq bostandyghyna, sayasi-ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeniy-últtyq mәselelerine jan-jaqty toqtaldy. Birige qimyldaugha shaqyryp, әsirese imperiya astanasynda túraqty júmys tobyn qúrudy kidirtuge bolmaytyndyghy aityldy.

Atalmysh odaqtyng II siyezi 1906 jyldyng qantarynda Peterborda, III siyez osy jyldyng tamyzynda taghy da Nijniy Novgorod qalasynda ótti. Onyng ýsheuine de S.Jantórin men Sh.Qosshyghúlúlylar qatysyp, Odaqtyng basshylyq qúramyna saylandy. U.Tanashev, M.Orazaev, J.Aldongharovtardyng da atalmysh siyezderge qatysqany, onyng qauly-qararlaryn tilektesterine, qyr qazaghyna jariya etkeni belgili. Siyez Odaqtyng Ortalyq komiyteti Baqyda (Baku) ornyghady jәne patshalyqtaghy ózge de últtyq qúrylymdarynday Orynbor, Astrahan, Oral, Tashkent, Semey, Almaty (Vernyi), Petropavlovsk siyaqty qazaq júrty jii qonystanghan ónirlerding basty qalalarynda aimaqtyq (audandyq) bólimderi bolady degen sheshim qabyldandy.

Búl músylman siyezderine erekshe mәn berip, toqtalynqyrap jatqanymyzdyng ózindik sebebi bar. Keyin 1917 jyly Mәskeude ótken V siyezde kýlli músylman júrtynyng jyrtysyn jyrtqan «Islam Kenesi» («Shura-y islam») qúrylghan bolatyn. Onyng sapynda J.Dosmúhamedúly, J.Aqbaev, U.Tanashev, K.Toghysov, M.Shoqay, B.Mәmbetov siyaqty Alash qayratkerleri belsendi júmystar atqardy. Ókinishke oray, kýni býginge deyin týrki-músylman ziyalylarynyng yntymaghy, birlese atqarghan isteri, Ýlken Týrkistan ýshin kýresteri, Qoqan avtonomiyasy, Búqara Respublikasy, basmashylardyng qantógis qarsylyq qozghalystary qazaq júrtshylyghyna meylinshe az nasihattalyp, kóbinshe birjaqty, teris pighylda týsindirilip keledi...

1905 JYL, JELTOQSAN. Alghash ret alty alashtyng oqyghan azamattary  Oral qalasynda bas qosyp, bes qazaq oblysynyng siyezin ótkizdi. Dala ólkesinde túnghysh partiya qúrylyp, oghan «Qazaq konstitusiyalyq-demokratiyalyq partiyasy» degen at berilip, baghdarlama qabyldandy. J.Seydaliyn, B.Qarataev, H.Dosmúhamedúly, Gh.Berdiyev, M.Baqytgereev, N.Ipmaghambetov siyaqty bolashaq  el qamyn jegen últshyl azamattardyng búl siyezdegi belsendiligine esh kýmәn bolmasa, al әrtýrli derekkózderde attary atalyp jýrgen Á.Bókeyhan, B.Syrttanov, M.Tynyshbaev, M.Dulatúlylardyng oghan qatysqan-qatyspaghanyn dәleldeu qajet-aq. Alashtyng bas kósemi Álekeng osy jyly qarashada kadetting (Resey konstitusiyalyq-demokratiyalyq partiyasy, sonymen birge «Narodnaya svoboda» dep te atalady) mýsheligine ótip, 1906 jyly onyng Ortalyq komiytetining qúramyna enedi. Áriyne, ol Dala ólkesinde kadet partiyasynyng bólimshesin ashugha mýddeli bolatyn. Biz onyng 1917 jyly kadet partiyasy qatarynan shyqqanyn jalaulatamyz da, jalpy qazaq ýshin ortalyqtaghy ol partiyanyng qanday payda keltirgenin aita bermeymiz. Al shyndyghynda qazaq oqyghandarynyng basym kópshiligi kadettermen sybaylasa jýrip sayasy sahnagha shyqty, onyng baghdarlamasyna sýienip, qazaqtyng últtyq mýddesi túrghysynan naqtylap, kýsheytti. Ásirese barsha qazaq jeri tek qazaqtyng menshigi bolsyn degen bab, talap kadetterding Ortalyq komiytetinen qoldau tappady. Kadetter patshalyq rejimge barynsha oppozisiyada bolsa da Reseyding qúramyndaghy búratana halyqtargha avtonomiya beruge jәne dinning memleketten bólinuine qarsy-túghyn. Desek te, mozaikaday týrlengen Resey sayasy maydanyndaghy oppozisiyalyq partiyalardyng arasynan barynsha halyqqa jaqyn, liyberal partiya kadetter bolashaq Alash qayratkerlerining ong jambasyna keldi, onymen birlese qimyldau, tәjiriybe-taghylym alu ómirlik qajettilik boldy...

1906 JYL, SÁUIR - ShILDE. Resey I Memlekettik Dumasynda Á.Bókeyhan, A.Birimjanov, S.Jantóriyn, A.Qalmenov, Sh.Qosshyghúlúly, B.Qúlmanovtar deputat boldy.

1907 jyl, aqpan - mausym. Resey II Memlekettik Dumasyna B.Qarataev, A.Birimjanov, M.Tynyshbaev, Sh.Qosshyghúlúly, B.Qúlmanov, T.Aldabergenov, T.Núrekenovter deputat bolyp saylandy. II Memduma quyp taratylghan 3 mausym jarlyghyna sәikes endi búratana halyqtardan, sonyng ishinde qazaqtardan da deputat saylanbaytyn boldy. Biraq qazaq oqyghandary I-IV Dumanyng barlyghynda da «Músylmandar odaghynyn» sayasatyn jýrgizgen Dumanyng Músylmandar fraksiyasynyng júmysyna belsene aralasyp, qazaqtyng mún-múqtajyn biyik minberden kóteruge atsalysty. Deputat B.Qarataev túnghysh ret Duma minbesinen qazaqtyng zaryn aityp, atajúrttyng talan-tarajgha týskenin, jerden aiyrylghan Alash júrtynyng bolashaghy búldyr ekenin aiday әlemge pash etti.

Osy jyldary bolashaq Alash qayratkerlerining әreket-qimyldaryn astyrtyn andu kýsheyip, qylmystyq is qozghalu kóbeydi. Búl Reseyding ataghy jer jarghan qúpiya polisiyasy men qylyshynan qan tamghan jandarmeriyasynyng qazaq oqyghandaryn qoghamdyq qúrylysqa qauipti jau dep tanyp, sanatqa ilindirgeni edi... J.Aqbaev 1905 jyldyng sonynda Semey týrmesine qamalyp, 1908 jyly Ombygha jer audarylugha ýkim shyghyp, keyin Jetisu oblysynyng Qapal qalasyna attandyryldy. Á.Bókeyhan 1906 jyly 3 aigha Pavlodar týrmesine, 1908 jyldyng basynda taghy 3 aigha Semey abaqtysyna jabyldy, sol jyly Samara qalasyna jer audarylyp, 1917 jylgha deyin atamekennen shette jýrdi. Qarqaraly eki klasty uchiliyshesining mengerushisi A.Baytúrsynúly 1908 jyly Semey týrmesine jabylyp, 8 ay tergeusiz otyrdy, sot sheshimimen 2 jyl qazaq jerinde túru qúqyghynan aiyrylyp, 1910 jyly nauryzda jer audarylyp Orynbor qalasyna keldi. M.Dulatúly 1911 jyly ústalyp, Semey týrmesinde 19 ay qamauda jatty...

Sayasy qysymgha qarsylyghyn bildirgen elshildik úrandy kitaptar jaryq kórip, qalyng búqara arasyna tarala bastady: Abaydyng túnghysh jinaghy (Peterbor, 1909) men A.Baytúrsynúlynyng «Qyryq mysaly» (Peterbor,1909), M.Dulatúlynyng «Oyan, qazaghy» (Ýfә, 1909), Gh.Qarashtyng «Oygha alghan pikirlerim» (Orynbor, 1910), A.Baytúrsynúlynyng «Masasy» (Orynbor,1911), t.b.

Qazaq dalasynyng әr týkpirinen últtyq gazet, jurnal shygharamyz dep talaptanushylar kóbeydi. Sergeldeni mol «Serke» (Peterbor, 1907) birden tәrkilenip, shyghuyna tyiym salynsa, «Qazaq gazeti» (Troysk, 1907) óz oralymsyzdyghynan bir-aq sanyn shygharyp, jabylyp qaldy.

1911 JYL, «QAZAQSTAN» GAZETI. Áuelgi 2 sany Bókeylikte, Han Ordasynda dayyndalyp, Astarhanda basylghan, keyin Oral qalasynda shyghyp túrghan búl jana basylym shyn mәninde qazaq tildi gazet-jurnaldardyng tólbasy, túnghysh últtyq gazet bolatyn. Al «Qazaq» gazeti (1913-1918) - túnghysh jalpyúlttyq basylym. Onyng osydan bir ghasyr búryn atyn «Qazaqstan» qongynyng ózi tarihy erlik, qaytalanbas fakt bolyp tabylady. Bas shygharushy-redaktory Eleusiz Búirin dep tanbalanghanymen gazetting iydeyalyq jalaugeri әri bas jazushysy Ghúmar Qarash-túghyn. 1911 jyly 5 sany (nauryz-mamyr, qarasha-jeltoqsan), 1912 jyly basynda 9 sany (qantar-mamyr) shyqqan gazet jyldyng ekinshi jartysynda toqtap qaldy. Ázirge 1913 jyly qantar jәne aqpan ailarynda taghy 2 sany shyqqany belgili, olarda toqtau sebebi, qoshtasu sózderi jazylmaghan. Soghan qaraghanda odan da keyinde dýniyege kelgen birdi-ekili sandary boluy mýmkin. Bizge belgilisi - osy «Qazaqstannyn» basynda bolghan azamattar keyin Oral qalasynda Kýnbatys Alashordanyng organy esepti «Erkin qazaq» gazetin úiymdastyrghany...

Qazaq Dalasynyng basqa ónirlerine qaraghanda Bókeylikte jana ghasyr basynda oqyghan azamattar qarasy anaghúrlym mol-túghyn. Sol sebepti de alghashqy jalpyqazaq basqosuy 1905 jyly Oral qalasynda ótkizildi. Biraq, ókinishke oray, olardyng arasynan Dumagha deputat, kópke mәshhýr dinbasy, reformator aqyndar shyqqanymen kәsiby sayasatker, kópke kósem bolar túlgha әli tua qoymaghan edi. Jalpy «qazaq oqyghandary» sayasi-iydeyalyq túrghydan ishtey liyberal-demokrat «batysshyl» jәne dini-aghartushylyq baghyttaghy «týrikshil» dep bólinetin siyaqty bolyp kórinetinimen onyng arajigi aiqyndap, bir maydannyng eki qanatyna bóle salu onay sharua emes. Ári olardy býgingi kýnning biyiginen birden sayasy kýreske aralaspadyn,  partiya, qozghalys qúrmadyn, ýstem biylikke oppozisiya bolmadyng dep jazghyrugha taghy da esh qúqymyz joq. Óitkeni qay kezde de ýrkerdey jarqyrap kósem shyqqan azdyng artynan qalyng toptyng kózsiz erui ýshin, núsqaghanyn oryndauy ýshin soghan layyq hal-ahual pisip-jetilui qajettigin K.Marks, V.IY.Lenin siyaqty kóterilis teoretikteri men praktikteri týbine jetkize aityp jәne aitqandaryn oryndaghandaryna da zamanymyz kuә. Múny eske alyp jatqanymyz, ózimen qúrdas «Ayqap» jurnalyna, sәl keyindeu shyqqan «Qazaqqa» qaraghanda «Qazaqstannyn» shygharmashylyq ta, qarjylyq ta mýmkindigi mol-túghyn. Eng bastysy - gazetke jazushylardyn, avtorlardyng basy birige almaghan siyaqty,  әitpese  Ghúmar Qarash, Shәngerey aqyn, Ghabdolghaziz Músaghaliyev (ótken ghasyrdaghy eng ónimdi jurnalist, múrasy birneshe tom bolaryna kýmәn joq), Eleusiz Búiriyn, Ahmetqaly Mamytov (Mәnshýk batyrdyng әkesi), Ishanghaly Beysenúly jәne basqalardyng qalam-quaty hәm últshyldyghy bir bastarynan artylyp, әrqaysysy jeke-jeke basylym shygharugha jararlyq talantty túlghalar. Basylymnyng úrany -  «Gazetanyng asyl maqsúdy - kәsip etu, ghylym ýirenu turasynda» delindi, sirә, múnday aghartushylyq baghyt qalyng oqyrmandy selt etkizip, qalyng úiqysynan oyatugha sharasyz boldy ma eken... Áytpese gazetke sýiinshi retinde әzerbayjandyq tatar millioner general Z.Takiyev 1000 som, Shәngerey aqyn 500 som bólgenin eskersek, gazetting demeushilerden de kende bolmaghandyghyn kóremiz. Kópten qoldau tappay, jazylushysy mardymsyz bolghandyqtan jabyldy delinip keldi...Gazetting 1912 jylghy songhy sandary birshama ótkirlenip, sayasy sipat ala bastaghany kózge úryp túr. Orysshasy barynsha azayyp, qazaqsha bóliminde el túrmysyna qayshy keletin zan-zakondar jobasy taldanyp, Mahambetting úrandy óleni, tipten Lena qyrghyny, «Titaniyk» apaty siyaqty aqparattar jariyalandy. Sondyqtan patshalyq temir senzuranyng qyryna iligip, qysym kóruin de joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy.

Al sol jyldarghy senzura, keyin birinshi jihangerlik soghys kezinde kýshine mingen «voennaya senzura»  tipten súmdyq-túghyn. Oghan mysaldy alystan izdemey-aq, millәtshil-últshyldyghy men azattyq ansarlary kemerinen asyp-tógilgen noghay (tatar) aghayyndardyng bir ghasyr boyy bir basylymgha zar bolghanyn aitsaq ta jetkilikti.

Últtyq ruhany ezgini erte kórip, erte eseygen noghay oqyghandary 1808 jyldan bastap alghashqy gazetalary -  «Kazanskie izvestiyany»  eki tilde shygharmaqshy bolyp sabyldy, biraq 1810 jyldan ol tek orys tilinde shyghyp túrdy. 1834 jyly prof. A.K.Kazem-Bek, ataqty M.N.Musiyn-Pushkinder qoldaghan «Bahrel-ahbar» («Mol habar») atty tatar gazetin shygharugha rúqsat berilmegeni óz aldyna, onyng bastamashylary qughyngha úshyrady. 1863-1895 jyldar aralyghynda noghaydyng oqyghandary ondaghan gazet-jurnal shygharugha («Payda», «Tang júldyzy», «Dәpter mujdavar» («Janalyqtar jinaghy»), «Jarshy», «Qazan», «Apta», «Chishmya» («Bastau»), «Núr», t.b. atauly) pәrmen súrap, joghary jaqtyng esigin tozdyrdy. Keybirine rúqsat alynsa da, biraq jeme-jemge kelgende Baspa isi jónindegi bas basqarma «memlekettik tilge kedergi keltiredi, últtyq separatizmge bastaydy» dep, tipten keybirine ashyqtan-ashyq «razvitie nasionalinogo duha putem pechatnogo slova ... nelizya priznavati poleznym v gosudarstvennom otnosheniiy» dep bir-aq kesip, tyiym saldy. 1903-1904 jyldary «Júldyz» (IY.Teregulov), «Qazan», «Hurriyat», «Tan» gazetterin jәne «Júldyz» (H.Maksudov), «әl-Ghasyr әl-Jәdiyt» («Jana ghasyr») jurnaldaryn shygharugha ýzildi-kesildi qarsylyq bildirildi. Tipten óne-boyy monarhiyalyq biylikting jarshysy bolyp kele jatqan orys tildi «Kazanskiy telegraf» gazetining janynan noghay tilinde qosymsha ashugha da rúqsat berilmedi. Kerisinshe, Qazan qalasynda jandarmeriyanyng agenturasy kýsheytilip, janadan Erekshe senzor bólimi ashyldy, al Ishki ister ministrligining Polisiya departamentining 1900 jylghy 31 jeltoqsanyndaghy Sirkulyary boyynsha әrbir oqyghan noghay ziyalysyna arnayy is-dosie ashylyp, sonyna astyrtyn tynshy qoyyldy. Sol tústa qyr qazaghyna da talay qyr kórsetken atyshuly N.I.Iliminskiy patsha sheneunikterine aqyly aqyl-kenesin berip, qúlaqtaryna sybyrlaudan tanbady: «...fanatik bez russkogo obrazovaniya y yazyka sravniytelino luchshe, chem po-russky sivilizovannyy tatariyn, a eshe huje aristokrat, a eshe huje chelovek uniyversiytetskogo obrazovaniya». Tipten shyghystanushy-ghalymdar, noghay-deputattar tatarsha bolmasa oryssha-tatarsha gazet-jurnal halyq ýshin emes, ókimet paydasyna qyzmet etedi dep dәleldegenning ózinde, joghary jaqpen kelisken keybir basylymdargha «gazeta, ne vkluchaya v sebya nichego protivopraviytelistvennogo, nevolino mojet probujdati nasionalinoe samosoznaniye, daje politicheskie mechtaniya» dep tyiym salynyp otyrdy.

Tarihy fakt - taghdyr jazmyshy. Bir ghasyr basyn taugha da, tasqa da úrghan noghay oqyghandary túnghysh basylymy, baspasózining tólbasy - «әl-Ghasyr әl-Jәdiyt» («Jana ghasyr») jurnalyn qazaqtyng Oral qalasynda jaryqqa shyghardy. Noghay aghartushysy K.Mutyghiy-Tuhfatullin (1883-1941) Peterbordaghy Baspa isteri jónindegi bas basqarmagha 1904 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda ótinish tapsyryp, 1905 jyldyng mausymynda әren-әreng rúqsat alady, onda jurnaldy 1906 jyldyng basynan bastap shygharu talap etiledi. Biraq Reseydegi tolqu-ózgerister ókimetke 1905 jyldyng 14 qarashasynda merzimdi basylymdardy shygharudyng Uaqytsha erejesin qabyldaudy mәjbýr etken bolatyn. Endi aldyn ala senzuradan rúqsat almaugha, jenildikpen tirketuge jol ashyldy. Qalay bolghanda da jurnaldyng keminde 3 sany Oral qalasynda jaryq kórgeni anyq, tipten odan da ómiri úzaqtau bolsa ghajap emes. Keybir tarihshylarymyz osy jurnal betinde Oraldaghy qazaq oqyghandarynyng basqosuy jazylghan dep, qatysushylardyng aty-jónin atap jatady, biraq dәiektelgen sitata-mәtindi kórmedik. Izdengenge ony tabu kóp kýshke týser sharua bolmasa kerek.

Taghy bir tólbasy, túnghysh gazet - «Núr» 1905 jyly 2 qyrkýiekte Peterbor qalasynda jaryq kóredi. Astana garnizonynyng әskery ahuny sharshap-shaldyqpay 15 jyl quynyp jýrip, osy basylymdy óz tilinde shygharugha qol jetkizdi. Odan song Qazanda osy jyldyng 29 qazanynda «Qazan muhbiyri» әueli qos tilde, keshikpey tek noghay tilinde shygha bastady. Al ret sany boyynsha ýshinshi gazet - «Fiyker» («Pikir-oy») taghy da Oral qalasynda 27 qarashada, tórtinshisi - «Ýlfat» («Dostyq») Peterborda jaryq kórdi. Búl izashar noghay basylymdary betinde qazaqqa qatysty materialdar, «Serke» gazeti, Dumadaghy músylman fraksiyasy men qazaq deputasiyasy, Halel jәne Jansha Dosmúhamedúldary syndy Alash qayratkerlerining jazbalary barshylyq dep estiymiz, jas mamandardyng biri osylardy indete zerttese, kóp ýshin de, ózi ýshin de paydaly oljalargha kezigeri sózsiz...

Kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau noghay oqyghandary gazet-jurnalgha әbden susap qalghandary sonshalyq, 1906 jyly - 16, 1907 jyly - 13 jana basylym ashyp úiymdastyrdy. Odan songhy jyldarda patsha ókimetining tizgindi qayta tartyp, azat oidy túnshyqtyrugha kiriskeni tarihtan belgili. Desek te jalpaq Resey imperiyasyna jayyla qonystanghan noghay aghayyndardyng 1917 jyly 50 atauly gazet-jurnaly túraqty shyghyp túrdy. Olardyng arasynda balalar («Tәrbiyay әtfәl», «Aq jol»), qyz-kelinshekter («Sýiimbiyke») basylymy, týrli salalyq gazet-jurnaldar: әdebi, qoghamdyq-sayasi, diny («әl-Ghalamy әl-Islamiy», «Din ua magishat»), pedagogikalyq («Tәrbiye», «Maghariyf»), ekonomikalyq («Ihtisad»),  satiralyq («Shegirtke», «Jasyn») jәne t.b. taqyryptylary boldy. Eng bastysy olardyng bәri týbi bir tolayym týrki júrtyna eshkimdi alalamay qyzmet qyldy

Al olardyng sapasyna kelsek, túraqty shyghyp túrghan «Júldyz» (Qazan), «Edil» (Astrahan), «Uaqyt» (Orynbor) gazetteri men «»Shura» («Kenes») jurnaly noghay jәne basqa týrki júrtynyng qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirinde, últtyq qayratkerlerding qalyptasuynda óshpes izderin qaldyrdy. Tatar oqyghandary, mәselen, «Shura» jurnalyn әli kýnge deyin ózderining tól tarihy ensiklopediyasy dep esepteydi. Ghylymy kitaphanamyzda tolyghymen saqtalyp túrghan onyng tigindilerin sholyp shyqqan jannyng búl pikirdi qúptary sózsiz. Marqúm jazushy Núrqasym agha Qazybek jurnal toptamasyndaghy Altyn Orda handaryna qatysty materialdardy bir qotaryp shyghyp, jaqsy jinaq qúrastyryp edi. Odan ózge ony izdep jýrgen qalamger, oqymystylarymyzdy kóre qoyghanymyz joq...

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