Qazaqstan ýshin songhy jyldar jýieli sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq transformasiya kezenine ainaldy. Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev bastamashy bolghan reformalar elding memlekettik basqaru modelin janartugha, sayasy ashyqtyqty arttyrugha jәne úzaqmerzimdi ornyqty damu negizderin qalyptastyrugha baghyttaldy. Konstitusiyalyq ózgerister, partiyalyq jýieni yryqtandyru, jergilikti ózin-ózi basqarudy kýsheytu, sonday-aq sifrlandyru men jasandy intellekt salasyna basymdyq beru — múnyng barlyghy jana qoghamdyq kelisim men zamanauy memleket qúru logikasyna say keledi.

Osy túrghyda sayasy reformalardyng mazmúny, olardyng bolashaqqa әseri, sonday-aq ishki ózgeristerding Qazaqstannyng halyqaralyq pozisiyalarymen baylanysy jóninde biz sayasattanushy Sharip Ishmúhamedovpen súhbattasyp, Preziydent Toqaevtyng reformalar kýn tәrtibine keshendi bagha berudi jón kórdik.

– Preziydent Toqaevtyng basshylyghymen jýzege asyrylghan qanday reformalardy elding ornyqty damuy men ashyqtyghy túrghysynan eng manyzdy dep sanaysyz?

– 2020–2022 jyldary keninen talqylanghan reformalar Konstitusiyalyq reforma men referendummen ayaqtaldy. Dәl osy kezende, mening oiymsha, elding ornyqty damuy men ashyqtyghyna naqty әser etken eng manyzdy ózgerister jýzege asty. Ashyqtyq degende men eng aldymen demokratiyalandyrudy, azamattyq qoghamnyng rólining artuyn jәne onyng damuyn menzeymin.

Búl baghyttaghy alghashqy әri eng manyzdy qadam – sayasy partiyalargha qatysty ózgerister boldy. Memleketting ashyqtyghy men ornyqtylyghy tek sayasy jaghdaydy ashyq talqylau men syn bolghan jaghdayda ghana mýmkin, al búl ýkimettik emes úiymdar, әsirese sayasy partiyalar bar kezde jýzege asady. Oppozisiyalyq partiyalardyng saylaugha qatysuyna mýmkindik berilui, Parlamentke ótu shegining tómendetilui jәne ózge de sharalar, meninshe, búryn-sondy bolmaghan qadamdar. Qazaqstan tarihynda alghash ret Parlamentte shynayy әri resmy oppozisiyalyq partiya — Jalpyúlttyq sosial-demokratiyalyq partiya (JSDP) bar. Deputattar sany kóp bolmasa da, olar sayasy ýderister men eldegi jaghdaydy talqylauda eng belsendi әri nәtiyjeli qatysushylardyng biri.

Sonday-aq auyldar, kentter jәne shaghyn qalalar әkimderin saylau jýiesin engizu prosesi jalghasyp, tolyq ayaqtalady dep ýmittenemin. Búl demokratiyany, ashyqtyqty jәne jergilikti dengeyde pikir aitu men syn mýmkindigin keneytken ekinshi asa manyzdy ózgeris. Kenes Odaghy kezeninen bastap, keyin tәuelsizdikting alghashqy 30 jylynda búl aumaqtar sayasy ózgeristerden shet qalyp keldi. Al demokratiyalyq qaghidattar eng aldymen jergilikti dengeyde qalyptasyp, nyghayatynyn eskersek, búl qadamnyng manyzy erekshe. Demokratiya bir ghana sheshimmen ornamaydy — ol uaqyt óte kele qoghamda qalyptasatyn úzaq prosess.

– Preziydent Joldauynda Qazaqstannyng jasandy intellekt pen sifrlyq transformasiya dәuirine qadam basatynyn atap ótti. Búl qadamdardyng el men ónir bolashaghy ýshin manyzyn qalay baghalaysyz?

– Búl mәsele býgingi kýni asa ózekti. Ángime sifrlyq tehnologiyalardy, jasandy intellektini engizu jәne damytu, olardyng sheshim qabyldauda, bizneste jәne óndiriste atqaratyn róli turaly bolyp otyr. Preziydent búl baghyttyng manyzyn jәne jasandy intellekt salasynda uniyversiytetter men zertteu ortalyqtaryn qúru qajettigin der kezinde әri dúrys atap ótti.

Búl – Qazaqstannyng ornyqty damuy men ekonomikada týbegeyli ózgerister jýrgizu ýshin strategiyalyq túrghydan óte manyzdy qadam. Men búl sheshimdi uaqtyly әri bolashaqty kózdeytin bastama retinde joghary baghalaymyn. Dәl osy baghyt XXI–XXII ghasyrlarda Qazaqstangha jana damu serpinin beredi. Óitkeni dәstýrli tauarlardyn, sonyng ishinde kómirsutekterding róli men olardan týsetin tabys birtindep tómendep kele jatqanyn qazirding ózinde bayqap otyrmyz. Sondyqtan tabysty boludy maqsat etken kez kelgen zamanauy memleket sifrlyq tehnologiyalar men innovasiyalardy damytugha erekshe nazar audaruy tiyis.

– Preziydent Parlamentting tiyimdiligi men ashyqtyghyn arttyru ýshin birpalataly jýiege kóshu mýmkindigin úsyndy. Búl sayasy jýiening damuyna qalay әser etui mýmkin?

– Birpalataly Parlament — búl óte manyzdy әri auqymdy sayasy reforma. Men ony uaqtyly qabyldanghan sheshim dep baghalaymyn. Búl jaghdayda tiyimdilik, jauapkershilik jәne memlekettik organdardyn, әsirese zang shygharushy biylikting nәtiyjeliligi aldynghy oryngha shyghady.

Birpalataly Parlament әrbir deputattyng jauapkershiligin arttyrady, óitkeni zandardyn, normativtik aktilerding jәne qajet bolghan jaghdayda konstitusiyalyq ózgeristerding qabyldanuy nemese qabyldanbauy tikeley olardyng dauys beruine baylanysty bolady. Senat tәuelsizdikting aldynghy kezenderinde manyzdy ról atqardy, alayda qazirgi sayasy jaghdayda zang shygharu qyzmetine mýlde jana talaptar qoyyluda, sol sebepti onyng ózektiligi birshama tómendedi.

– Preziydent últtyq jobalardy iske asyruda memleket pen biznes seriktestigining manyzyn atap ótti. Búl baghyttaghy Qazaqstannyng әleuetin qalay baghalaysyz?

– Preziydent iri biznestin, qoghamdyq jәne memlekettik jobalardy qoldaudyn, sonday-aq eng iri salyq tóleushilerding jauapkershiligin arttyru qajettigin ýnemi atap ótedi. Ángime olardyng ónirlik, auyldyq jәne qalalyq әleumettik, gumanitarlyq jәne mәdeny jobalargha qatysuy turaly.

Alayda, mening oiymsha, tek bastamalar men ýndeuler jetkiliksiz. Olardyng artynan naqty zannamalyq sheshimder, sonyng ishinde salyq jәne fiskaldyq sayasattaghy ózgerister qabyldanuy tiyis. Iri biznes ýshin әleumettik jobalargha qatysu tek paydaly ghana emes, ekonomikalyq túrghydan da tiyimdi boluy qajet. Búl kompaniyalargha salyq jýktemesin ontaylandyru arqyly әleumettik jobalargha túraqty týrde qatysugha yntalandyrar edi. Preziydentting búl úsynystary aldaghy uaqytta Parlament dengeyinde talqylanyp, naqty sheshimder qabyldanady dep ýmittenemin.

– 2025 jyly Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng qanday bastamalaryn eng manyzdy dep sanaysyz? Olar jahandyq syn-qaterlerge qanshalyqty sәikes keledi?

– 2025 jyly kóptegen sheshimder men mәlimdemeler boldy, biraq men múnay men gaz sektorynyng bolashaghyna qatysty mәselege erekshe nazar audarar edim. Múnay men gazgha súranys әli de saqtalyp otyrghan kezde, olardy óndirudi jalghastyru manyzdy. Aldaghy onjyldyqtarda búl resurstardyng taghdyry men baghasy qanday bolatynyn eshkim naqty aita almaydy.

Sonymen qatar gaz óndeu zauyttaryn salu mәselesi últtyq qauipsizdikpen tikeley baylanysty. Qazaqstanda gazdyng tolyq óndelmeui — ótken jyldardaghy strategiyalyq qatelikterding saldary. Elde óndiriletin jәne tútynylatyn gaz Qazaqstan aumaghynda óndelui tiyis, әri bolashaqta búl strategiyalyq tauardy Ortalyq Aziya elderine eksporttaugha mýmkindik bar.

– Sizding oiynyzsha, ótken jyly Preziydentting qanday reformalary nemese syrtqy sayasy qadamdary Qazaqstannyng halyqaralyq pozisiyasyn nyghaytty?

– Halyqaralyq imidj eng aldymen el ishindegi túraqtylyqqa, qauipsizdikke jәne ekonomikalyq ornyqtylyqqa baylanysty. Eger ishki jýiede sheshilmegen mәseleler bolsa, syrtqy bedel de túraqty bolmaydy.

Meninshe, eng basty jetistik — Qazaqstannyng ózin ónirlik derjava retinde ornyqtyruy. Ekinshi manyzdy jetistik — Preziydent Toqaevtyng bastamasymen jýzege asyp jatqan sayasy reformalardyng birizdiligi men qisyndylyghy. Búl reformalar mindetti týrde sonyna deyin jetkizilui tiyis. Men olardy dәl osy Preziydent ayaqtay alady dep senemin. Biz, sarapshylar men ghalymdar, búl ýderisterdi qoldaugha dayynbyz jәne 2026 jyly barlyq josparlanghan sheshimder tolyq jýzege asady dep ýmittenemiz.

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