Meyirbek MOLDABEKOV, Últtyq gharysh agenttigi tóraghasynyng orynbasary

- 2013 jyly otandyq gharysh sa­lasynda qanday ózgerister bola­dy?

Meyirbek MOLDABEKOV, Últtyq gharysh agenttigi tóraghasynyng orynbasary

- 2013 jyly otandyq gharysh sa­lasynda qanday ózgerister bola­dy?
- Memleket basshysy ózining biyl­ghy Joldauynda gharysh sala­synyng manyzyna erekshe kónil bóldi. Elbasy men Ýkimetting jan-jaqty qoldauynyng arqa­synda bizding iri jobalarymyz Ýdemeli industriyalyq-innovasiyalyq damudyng memlekettik bagh­darlamasyna endi. Býgingi tanda biz osy jobalardy dәiekti týrde iske asyryp kelemiz. Osynday jobalar­dyng biri gharysh apparattaryn qúra­styru-synau keshenin qúru bolyp tabylady. Ol týrli maqsattaghy gharysh apparattaryn jobalaugha, jinaugha jәne synaugha mýmkindik beredi. Búl ghylym­dy qajetsinetin óndirisi bar ýlken zauyt bolmaq. Zauyt qúramyna óndiristik ghiy­ma­rat­tan basqa, gharysh tehnikasynyng arnayy konstruk­tor­lyq-tehnologiyalyq burosy, gharysh apparattarynyng jekelegen kompo­nent­terin jasay­tyn zerthana men óndiristik uchaskeler kiredi. Sonday-aq bizding fran­suzdyq әriptesimiz - EADS «Astrium» kom­paniyasy Jerdi qashyqtyqtan zondtau gharyshtyq jýiesin (JQZ) qúrastyruda. Gharysh mәlimetterin qoldanugha negizdelgen osy tehnolo­giyalardy engizu auyl sharua­shylyghy, tótenshe jaghdaylar, qorshaghan ortany qorghau, qorghanys jәne últtyq qauipsizdik, geodeziya jәne kartografiya ýshin zor paydasyn tiygizedi. Alghashqy qazaqstandyq dәldigi ortasha JQZ gharyshtyq jýiesin 2013 jyldyng kýzinde, al dәldigi joghary JQZ gharyshtyq jýiesin 2014 jyl­dyng jeltoqsan aiynda iske qosu jos­parlanyp otyr.
Taghy bir basymdy jobanyng biri - otandyq «KazSat» baylanys jәne habar taratu sputniktik jýiesin qúru. Atalghan joba respublika auma­ghyndaghy baylanys jәne habar taratu mәselelerin tiyimdi sheshuge mýmkindik tughyzady.

- 2011 jyly paydalanugha beril­gen «KazSat-2» gharysh apparaty qalypty júmys istep túr ma? Onyng jýktemesi qansha payyzgha jetti?
- «KazSat-2» gharysh apparaty qazirgi uaqytta qalypty jaghdayda júmys istep túr. Býginde «KazSat-2» gharysh apparatynyng jýktemesi 60 payyzdan asty. Sputnikting resursyn Qazaqstannyng 9 baylanys operatory paydalanyp otyr.
Sonday-aq «KazSat-3» gharysh ap­para­tyn qúru júmystary qarqyndy jýrgizilip jatyr. Qazirgi uaqytta jo­balyq-tehnika­lyq qújattama әzir­lenip, gharysh apparatyn tolym­day­tyn qúraldardy dayyndau ayaq­taldy. Sputnikterdi basqarudyng re­zervtik jerýsti keshenin qúru boyynsha negizgi qúrylystyq-mon­tajdau júmystary ayaq­talugha ja­qyn.

- «KazSat-3» sputniygin úshyrudyng merzimi belgilendi me?
- «KazSat-3» sputniygining úshy­rylu merzimi 2014 jyldyng birinshi toqsanyna josparlanyp otyr. Biz, sonday-aq elimiz ýshin taghy bir kele­shegi zor әri asa tiyimdi joba - Qazaq­stan Respublikasynyng jo­ghary dәl­diktegi sputniktik navigasiya jýie­­sining jerýsti infraqúrylymyn qúrugha kiristik.
Búl jobany jýzege asyru elimiz­ding au­ma­ghynda jahandyq navigasiya sputniktik jýiesi qyzmetin tútynu­shylargha kepildi jәne sapaly kór­setudi qamtamasyz etedi. Joba shen­be­rinde Qazaqstannyng býkil au­ma­ghynda bazalyq stansalar qú­rylady dep kýtip otyrmyz. Sonymen qatar sputniktik na­vigasiyalar tehnologiyalaryn týrli sala­largha endiru ýshin qolayly jaghdaylar ke­shenin qúru josparlanyp otyr.
Býgingi tanda qúramynda 10 diyf­feren­sialdy stansa, ónirlik ortalyq jәne mo­bildi differen­sialdy stansa bar ónirlik differensialdyq jýie iske qosyldy. Tәjiriybelik-qú­rastyru júmystary shenbe­rinde differensialdy stansalar men arnayy baghdarlamalyq qamtamasyz etuding otandyq núsqasy әzirlendi. Teniz lokaldy differensialdy stansa­syn, Differen­sialdy týzetu jәne saraptama ortalyghyn, diffe­rensialdy stansalar jelisin qúru boyynsha júmystar jýrgizilude.

- Jaqynda Resey jaghy Aqtóbe, Qostanay oblystarynan «Proton» zymyrandary ýshin biraz jerdi jal­gha alghany jәne jaldau aqy mól­sheri de belgilenip qoyghany anyq boldy.
- Ras, Reseyge Aqtóbe jәne Qos­tanay oblystary aumaqtarynan jer telimin berudi qarastyratyn ýkime­taralyq kelisim jobasy әzirlenip jatyr. Atalghan aumaqtar «Bayqonyr» keshenin jalgha beru kelisimshartynda kózdelmegen jana qúlau audandary bolyp tabylady.
Biraq ta osy jana audandargha «Bay­qonyr» gharysh ailaghynan úshqan ekologiyalyq ziyandy «Proton» zy­myran tasyghyshynyng bólinetin bólshekteri emes, «Songz» zymyran tasyghyshynyng bólshekteri týsedi. «Songz» zymyran tasyghyshy tabighy túr­ghydan taza janarmaydy, atap ait­qan­da, ottegi men kerosindi payda­la­natyny belgili.

- Múnday kelisimderding kýn tәr­ti­bine shyghuyna qanday jaghdaylar sebep boldy? Eger ol biz ýshin tiyimdi bolmasa, ne sebepti kelistik? «Proton» zymyran­daryn tolyq toqtatyluyna qashan qol jetkizemiz?
- Atalghan Kelisim jobasynda barlyq qajetti sharttar qarastyryl­ghan, onyng ishinde jaldau aqysy da bar. Búdan týsken qarajat jogharyda aitylghan oblystardyng budjetine týsedi. «Proton» zymyran ta­syghyshyn úshyrudy toqtatugha qatysty aitatyn bolsaq, býginde osy zymyran tasyghyshty birte-birte qysqartu boyynsha júmystar jýr­gizilip keledi. Mәselen, biylghy jyly olardyng sany ótken jylmen salys­tyrghanda ekeuge qysqartyldy. Son­day-aq bizding negizgi strategiyalyq әriptesimiz Reseymen gharysh salasyn­daghy yntymaq­tastyqty jana sapalyq dengeyge kóteru maqsatynda qúrylghan Qazaqstan-Resey ýkimetaralyq ko­miys­siyasynyng aghymdaghy jyldyng 27-29 nauryzy araly­ghynda Bayqonyr qalasynda ótken alghashqy otyry­synda eki tarap qyrkýiekke deyin 2014-2015 jyl­­dary úshyrylatyn «Proton» zymyran tasy­ghyshynyng sanyn belgileytindigin mәlimdedi.

- Songhy kezderi Bayqonyrdyng mәrtebesine jәne «Bәiterek» birles­ken jobasyna qatysty Qazaqstan men Resey arasynda bir-birine kere­ghar pikirler kóp aitylyp ketti. Re­sey men Qazaqstan arasyndaghy Bay­qonyrdy 2050 jylgha deyin jalgha beru jayly kelisimsharttyng búzy­luy mýmkin ekendigi aitylghan edi. Qazirgi jaghday qanday? ROSKOSMOS-pen belgili bir mәmilege kele al­dynyz­dar ma?
- «Bayqonyr» kesheni boyynsha Qazaqstan men Resey arasynda esh­qanday da týsinispeushilik bolghan emes. Keybir reseylik jәne otandyq aqparat kózderi júrtshylyqqa teris mәlimet taratyp, dýrligudi qoldan jasady dese de bolady.
Biz 2004 jyly Qazaqstan men Resey basshylary qol qoyghan «Bay­qonyr» keshenin jalgha beru merzimin 2050 jylgha deyin úzartu turaly kelisimdi sózsiz ústanamyz. Resey biz­ding gharysh salasyndaghy basty stra­tegiyalyq әriptesimiz bolyp tabyla­dy.
Qazaqstan men Resey preziydent­terining 2012 jyldyng mausym aiynda Astana qalasynda ótken kezdesui barysynda gharysh salasyndaghy yn­ty­maqtastyqty odan әri damytu mәseleleri qaralghan bolatyn. Sol kez­desude memleket basshylary «Bay­qonyr» keshenin birlesip pay­dalanudyng normativtik qúqyqtyq bazasyn jetildiru jóninde uaghdalas­tyqqa qol jetkizdi. Sonyng nәtiy­jesinde, Qazaqstan men Resey ýkimeti basshylarynyng orynbasarlary jetekshilik etetin «Bayqonyr» kesheni boyynsha ýkimetaralyq komissiya qúryldy. Onyng birinshi otyrysy nauryz aiynyng sonynda Bayqonyr qalasynda ótti. Búl otyrysqa eki elding mýddeli mem­le­kettik organdarynyng ókilderi, sarap­shylar qatysty. Otyrys ayasynda komissiya «Bayqonyr» kesheni boyynsha barlyq ózekti mәselelerdi talqylady. Atap aitqanda, «Bayqonyr» ke­shenin birlesip paydalanu boyynsha «Jol kartasyn», sonday-aq «Bay­qonyr» kesheni boyynsha jana memleketaralyq kelisim jobasyn әzirleu qolgha alynatyn boldy. Jana memleketaralyq kelisim gharysh aila­ghyn birlesip paydalanu tәrtibin ret­teudi, onyng ghylymiy-tehno­lo­giyalyq әleue­tin damytudy, birlesken zymy­ran keshenderin qúrudy, kadr dayarlau jәne qazaq­standyq mamandardyng úshu qyzmetine qatysuyn tegis qamtiy­dy. Sonymen qatar býginde Qazaqstan tarapy «Bayqonyr» keshenin Resey Federasiyasyna jalgha beruden ýzildi-kesildi bas tartudy kózdep otyrghan joq. Alayda «Bәiterek» birlesken jo­basyn jýzege asyru ýshin gharysh ailaghynyng keybir obektilerin, onyng ishinde «Zeniyt» gharyshtyq zy­myran keshenin jalgha beruden shy­gharu mәselesin qarastyryp otyr. Ayta ketetin bir jayt, Últtyq gha­rysh agenttigining tóraghasy Talghat Músabaev halyq qalaulylarynyng al­dynda el ýshin týitkildi mәselelerdi kóterip jýr. Tóraghanyng bastamasymen «Bayqonyr» kesheni bo­yyn­sha Qazaq­stan-Resey ýkimetaralyq komissiyasy qúrylyp, batyl qadamdar jasalyp jatyr. Talghat Amangeldiúly - qazaqtyng maqtanyshy. Ol batyr ataghyn BAQ-tyng qolymen emes, ózining erligimen, tabandy enbegi men otansýigishtigining arqasynda iyelengen azamat. Onyng elimizding mýddesine jana­shyrlyq ta­ny­tuy zandy qúbylys dep eseptey­min.

- Álemde gharysh derjavalary gharyshty mol qarjy alyp keletin ghy­lym-ilim kózi dep qaraydy. Bir ghana Reseyde gharysh sayasatyn zertteumen ainalysatyn ondaghan institut­tar bar. Olar gharysh agent­tikterin sarap­tamalyq ma­te­rial­darmen qamtamasyz etip otyr. Al bizde búl mәsele qalay sheshilude?
- Qazgharysh qúrylghannan keyin, onyng janynan Últtyq gharyshtyq zertteuler men tehnologiyalar or­talyghy qúryldy. Qazirgi uaqytta tabysty qyzmet etip otyr. Onyng qúramyna әlemde әigili ghalymdar, professorlar, akademikter júmys isteytin akademik V.Fesenkov atyn­daghy Astrofizika instituty, Ionos­fera instituty, akademik Ó.Súl­tanghazin atyndaghy Gharyshtyq zert­teuler instituty, Gharysh­tyq tehnikalar men tehnologiyalar instituty siyaq­ty tórt ghylymiy-zert­teu instituttary kiredi. Ins­tiy­tuttar astrofizika, Jerding ionosferasy, Jerdi qashyqtyqtan zondtau salalaryndaghy ghylymiy-zertteulerding dәstýrli baghyttarymen qatar, jana baghyttar boyynsha tabysty qoldan­baly ghylymiy-zertteuler jýrgizedi. Atap aitatyn bolsaq, últtyq gharysh­tyq monitoring jýiesin jәne gha­ryshtyq geodinamikalyq monitoring jýiesin qúru, gharysh tehnikasy men tehnologiyasynyng otandyq ýlgilerin әzirlep shygharu. Mәselen, Qazgharysh 2011 jyldyng qorytyndysy boyynsha, gharysh qyzmetining ghylymy jәne ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq bazasyn damytu ayasynda 22 joba boyynsha qoldanbaly ghylymiy-zertteuler oryndal­dy. Kәsiporyndar men úiymdardyng qyzmetinde is jýzinde 10 әzirleme naqty qoldanys tapty. Sonymen qatar joghary bilikti mamandarmen, zamanauy zerthanalyq jabdyqtarmen jaraqtalghan «Gharysh-ekologiya» ghylymiy-zertteu ortaly­ghy da tiyimdi júmys atqaryp keledi. Ortalyq «Bayqonyr» gharysh ailaghy­nan zymyran tasyghyshtardyng úshuy­na ekologiyalyq monitoring jýrgizu jýiesin jәne gharysh ailaghy qyzme­tining aumaghynda túratyn halyqtyng densaulyghyna saraptama jasau jýiesin әzirlep shyghardy.

- Bayqonyrdaghy qazaqstandyq ýlesting ósui tyng mindetter jýkteydi. Olardy jýzege asyratyn bilikti ma­mandar qajet bolady. Elimizde gha­rysh salasynyng mamandaryn dayar­laytyn arnayy oqu oryndary joq. Mamandardy qay elde oqytqan tiyim­di?
- Elimizde búghan deyin gharysh sala­syndaghy mamandardy dayarlaytyn oqu orny bolmaghany ras. Agenttik qúrylghan kýnnen bastap osy mәseleni kýn tәrtibinen týsirgen emes. Sebebi әr salagha tolyq­qandy júmys isteu ýshin bilikti mamandar qajet qoy. Sondyqtan 2010 jyly Qazgharysh bastamasymen Bilim jәne ghylym-ministrligimen ózara әrekettestik turaly kelisimge qol qoydy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde, gharysh salasyna arnal­ghan mamandardy dayarlaytyn bazalyq joghary oqu oryndary bolyp әl-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiyteti, L.Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya Últtyq uniyversiyteti, Q.Sәt­baev atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq teh­nikalyq uniyversiyteti, Almaty ener­getika jәne baylanys instituty, Azamattyq aviasiya akademiyasy belgilendi. Býginde atalghan joghary oqu oryndarynda 225 student bilim aluda. Sonymen qatar 1996 jyldan bas­tap Bayqonyr qalasynda ornalasqan «Voshod» Mәskeu aviasiyalyq ins­titutynda 205 qazaqstandyq azamat oqyp jatyr. Búghan Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi jyl sayyn 45 oqu gran­tyn bóledi. Sonday-aq «Bolashaq» baghdarla­masy boyynsha da mamandar dayyn­daluda. Býginde «Bolashaq» baghdar­la­masynyng 29 stiypendianty 7 gha­rysh­tyq mamandyq boyynsha Resey, Irlandiya, Malayziya, Úlybritaniya, AQSh jәne Kanada memleketterinde oqidy. Áriyne, jas mamandardy júmys­pen qamtamasyz etu mәselesi de Qaz­gha­ryshtyng nazarynan eshqashan tys qalghan emes. Osy orayda «Bolashaq» halyqaralyq baghdarlamasy ayasynda gharysh tehnologiyalary men tehnika­lary baghytynda bilim alghan alghashqy 23 týlek júmyspen qamtamasyz etildi.

- «Aytpasa - sózding atasy óledi» degen bar. Qazaqtyng №3 gharyshkerin kýtu tym úzaqqa sozylyp ketken joq pa? Qazaq balasy qashan gharysh­qa úshady?
- 1999 jylghy sәuir aiynda Elba­sy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev «Gharyshkerlerdi úshugha dayarlau turaly» keli­simshart jýrgizu maqsatynda Re­sey Federasiya­syna attanghan bola­tyn. Búl sapardyng manyzdylyghy sol - naq osy kezdesude qazaq gharysh­ker­lerin gharysh­qa úshyru mәselesine qatysty biraz jayttar sheshilgen edi. Resey eline resmy sapary kezinde eki elding basshylary qazaqstandyq eki gharyshkerdi úshugha dayarlau jóninde kelisimge qol jetkizgen bolatyn. Osy­dan keyin 2000 jyldyng 7 qan­tarynda Ýkimet qaulysymen Gagarin atyndaghy Gharyshkerlerdi dayarlau memlekettik ghylymiy-zertteu synau ortaly­ghyna sol eki gharyshkerdi oqy­tugha jiberu ýshin Qazaqstan Respub­liy­kasynyng Ýkimeti janynan vedo­mostvoaralyq komissiya qúryldy. 2002 jyldyng qarasha aiynda sol komissiyanyng sheshimi boyynsha jana­ghy eki kandidatymyz atalghan orta­lyqqa jalpy gharyshtyq dayarlyqtan ótuge jiberildi. Olar dayar­lyq­tan ótip, gharyshker-synaushy ataghyn iye­le­nedi. Alayda býkil әlemdi sharpyghan ekonomikalyq daghdarys saldarynan 2009 jyldyng kýzine jospar­langhan otandyq gharyshkerlerdi sapargha attandyru budjetten bólingen qarjynyng kesiluine baylanysty mýmkin bolmay qaldy. Gharyshkerlerimizdi gharyshqa úshy­rudyng kelesi merzimi turaly aitatyn bolsaq, búl mәsele mynaday tәrtippen sheshiledi: negizinen, Halyqaralyq gharysh stansasy - halyqaralyq manyzy bar nysan. Onyng qúqyqtyq mәrtebesi Kanada, Europalyq odaq, Japoniya, Resey Federasiyasy men AQSh elderi ýkimetterining arasyndaghy yntymaqtastyq jónindegi arnayy sharttarmen retteledi. Búl shart 1998 jyly 29 qantarda jasalghan. Halyqaralyq gharysh ekipaj­daryn jasaqtau mәselesin osy seriktester retteydi. Sondyqtan qazaqstandyq gharyshkerdi Halyqaralyq gharysh stansasynyng ekipajyna engizu mýmkindigi jogha­ryda atalghan seriktes eldermen keli­simge keludi talap etedi.
Qazirgi tanda «Sonz» gharysh ke­mesi - Halyq­aralyq gharysh stansa­syna (HGhS) ýsh adamnan túratyn ekipajdy jetkizetin jalghyz kólik bolyp tabylady. Reseyding gharysh qyzmeti turaly zanyna sәikes keme­ning komandiyri tek Resey Federasiya­synyng azamaty ghana bola alady. Kemedegi ekinshi negizgi bortinje­ner­ding orny HGhS-ta ýlken segmenti bar AQSh-qa tiyesili. Qalghan ýshinshi oryngha HGhS-ty qúru jәne paydalanu ýshin kóp qarajat bólip otyr­ghan europalyq (Europanyng 11 eli), japondyq jәne kanadalyq gharysh agenttikteri kezekte túr. Olardyng da úshugha dayyn gharyshkerleri barshy­lyq. Qazaqstan HGhS jónindegi kelisimning jәne ony qúru turaly sharttyng mýsheligine kirgen emes. Óit­keni búl qo­maq­ty qarjyny jәne gharysh salasynyng naqty ýles­terin talap etedi.  Búdan basqa, qazirgi jaghdayda HGhS-ta júmys atqaru merzimi 4 aidan kem bolmauy tiyis jәne ony qamta­masyz etuge әr gharyshkerge óte kóp (100 mln AQSh dollarynan astam) qarajat júmsau qajettiligi tuynday­dy. Oghan qosa, Qazaqstan gharyshta synaudy talap etetin otandyq gharysh tehnikasyn jasaudy әli bastaghan joq. Sondyqtan memlekettik qara­jat esebinen tek turist retinde gha­rysh­qa úshu ysyrap­shylyq dep esep­teymin. Qazaqstan ýshin múnday úshudyng uaqyty aldymyzda, otandyq gharysh tehniy­kasyn synaqtan ótkizuge qajettilik tughanda keledi dep oilay­myn.
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