Zakavkazedegi músylman Qazaq patshalyghynyng ontýstik-shyghysynda Djidan (evrey) patshalyghy, al batysynda hristian Qúmyq eli ornalasqanyn H ghasyrdaghy Ál Masudy mәlimdeydi. Alayda, HI ghasyrdan keyin jidan men qúmyq elderi aitylmaydy, Shynghyshan әskeri kelgen HIII ghasyr derekterinde de kezdespeydi (Akush degen qúl bastaghan qazaqtardyng Shynghyshan әskerine qosylyp gruzindermen soghysqanyn aittyq).

Anyghynda, Kurjan (gruziyn) derjavasy músylman Qazaq patshalyghyn da, Djidan-evrey patshalyghyn da jәne hristiyan Qúmyq elin de joyyp, olardy qazirgi Daghystangha aua kóshuge mәjbýr etken. Óitkeni, HII ghasyrda Daghystannyng batysyndaghy Avar nusalidigine kórshi aqboz atty myng jauyngeri bar Djidan eli payda bolghan jәne Daghystannyng shyghys aimaghynda músylman Ghazy-Qúmyq memleketi ornaghan. Búl derekter Daghystan tarihynda bylay bayandalady: «Negizin qalaghan Muhammad, Dvin (Armeniya) biyleushisi. 1020-jyly kishi úly Eskuya oghan qarsy shyqty, alayda Fadl oghan qarsy basqa úly Musany jiberdi, ol Ázerbayjangha óz kemelerimen kelgen Rustarmen odaqtasyp, solardyng kómegimen Baylakandy jaulap aldy. Eskuya óltirildi... 1032-jyly Kavkaz aimaghyna joryq jasaghan Mstislav Tmutarakaniskiy Sarir memleketining jauyna ainaldy... E.M.Shillingting mәlimetteri boyynsha "Andy Koysuynyn sol jaghasyndaghy býkil aumaq I Jugut hangha (sózbe sóz "Evrey hany"), al ong jaghalaudaghy jerler Avarlyq Surakatqa tiyesili dep qarastyrylady". Osylaysha HI ghasyrdyng ayaghynda búrynghy Serir aumaghynda birneshe memleket payda boldy: Andiylik iyelik, Hunzah nusalidigi men kóptegen erikti qoghamdar.

Surakat zamanynda taq múragerligi tәrtibi ornady, tek onyng úldary men qyzdarynan taraghandardyng ghana taqqa múragerlik qúqy belgilendi. Eger onyng әuletinen eshkim qalmasa, onda taqqa rus, gruzin jәne armyan adamdarynyng biri  otyruy tiyis delingen.

Muhammed Rafiyding "Tarihy Dagestan" jylnamasyndaghy Avar nusalidarynyng shejiresinde Saratan hannyng ata-babalary tizbesinde birinshi bolyp Arskan atalghan...  HII ghasyrda Ghazy-Qúmúq shamhaldyghy dep ataldy. HII ghasyrda shamhal músylman bolghan tәrizdi jәne Islam Qúmúq ta biyleushi dinge ainaldy. Qúmúq atauy Qazy degen jalghaugha ie boldy... Surakat Sheyh Ahmad ýshin basty jauyna ainaldy. Ahmad Surakatty nusalidikten quyp jiberdi. Surakattyng úly Bayar taqty qaytarmaq bop talpyndy, alayda arabtardyng toytarysyna tap boldy. Tek qana onyng úly, egde jasqa kelgende ata-baba taghyn mangholdardyng arqasynda qaytara aldy... Mangholdar әueli Qúmyqty oirandady... Qúmyqtardyng Hamzadan taraghan býkil knyazidary әlemning tórt tarapyna yghysyp ketti. Ary qaray, mangholdar Avir oblysyna jetti, búl – avarlar jeri. Muhammed Rafy mangholdar men avarlar arasynda bekitilgen odaq turaly "Múnday odaq dostyqqa, kelisim men bauyrlastyqqa negizdeldi", - dep jazady, onyng ýstine әulettik nekemen nyghaytyldy.

Derekkózderde keltirilgendey, Avariya memleketining shekarasynyng kenetten keneytilgeni jәne sharuashylyghynyng kýrt damyghany, olardy mangholdardyng anyq qoldauynyng arqasynda jýzege asqan deuge bolady..» (Daghystan tarihy derekterinen). 

Osy derekterden H ghasyrda qazirgi Ázerbayjanda otyrghan qúmyq pen evrey elderi HI ghasyrdyng sonynda Daghystanda bolghanyn kóremiz, yaghny sonda qonys audarghany anyq (qúmyq tilindegi oghyzdyq belgilerde olardyng qazirgi Ázarbayjannan shyqqandyghyn bayqatady). Al urus (rusi) әskeri armiyan biyleushilerining shaqyruymen Qyrymnan kemelerimen Zakavkaziege kelgen jәne olar Sarir knyazdigimen jau bolghan. Kóp úzamay Sarir joyylyp, ornyn Avar nusalidigi basty, ony biylegen Urus toby jәne odaqtastary gruzin men armiyan biyleushi toptary eken (avarlar sol zamanda katolik bolghany anyq).

Kórshi músylman Ghaziy-Qúmyq patshalyghy olargha jau bolghan. Qúmyq biyleushileri XIV ghasyrda «Aselder» dep atalghany mәlim («Asyldar» degen maghynada, yaghny Asylúya adamy). Shynghyshan әuleti Daghystandaghy Ghazy-Qúmyq handyghyn joyyp, býkil Daghystan men Soltýstik Kavkaz aimaghy biyligin Avar nusalidigi әuletine, yaghny qyrymdyq Urus elinen kelgen dinastiyagha bergeni jazylghan. Arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta qazirgi Prohladnaya qalasynan bir kýndik jerdegi tauda (Soltýstik Kavkazda) XIV ghasyrda hristian dindi Urus eli baryn jazghanyn ol kisi jayly maqalada mәlimdedik (yaghni, Urus eli Altyn Orda imperiyasymen kórshi әri tatu bolghan). Sheshenderde Urus degen teyp saqtalghany jәne Urus-Martan qalasy atauy solarmen baylanysty ekeni mәlim. Daghystan men Soltýstik Kavkazda kók kózdi, qyzyl shashty adamdar az kezdespeydi. Óitkeni, HH ghasyrgha deyin ondaghy taulardy qalyng nu ormandar kómkerip jatqan, al kýn sәulesi az týsetin ormandaghy halyqtyng shashy qyzyl, kózi kók bolatyny zandylyq (ol ormandardy Kavkaz soghysynda Resey әskeri órtep azaytty, qalghanyn keyin Kenes әskeri órtedi).

Daghystanda Tavkazah jәne Chudur-kazak degen jer ataulary bar. Armiyan derekteri qúmyqtardy «kazah» dep kórsetkeni de tarihshylargha tansyq emes. Sol qúmyq tili qazaq tiline qarashay-balqar tilderinen de jaqyn. Shyndyghynda, HII ghasyrda Daghystanda ornaghan músylman memleketi – Ghazy-Qúmyq emes, Ghazaq-Qúmyq handyghy. Arabta «g» әrpi joqtyghyn aittyq, «gh» әrpin «g», al songhy «q» әrpin «i» etip búrmalap, arabshadaghy «Ghazaq» atauyn «Gazi» etken, әriyne orys tarihshylary. Arabsha jazylulary: غازق  – Ghazaq, غازى – Ghaziy. Qúmyqtardy jaqsylap zerttese, «qazaq» dep atalatyndar әli de bar dep senemin (auyzsha derekter de bar). Qarashay, balqar, noghaylardy Qazaqstangha jer audarghan Stalin qúmyqtargha tiyisken joq. Shamasy, qúmyqtardaghy qazaq degennen, Kavkazda qazaqtyng búrynnan bolghanyn jariya qyludan qoryqqan tәrizdi. Bizding tarihty ózgertude Stalin ýlken ister atqarghan. Digor últyna digor tilin qoldanugha tyiym salghan, týrkilik últtardyng arabsha jazbasyn әueli latynshagha, sosyn kirilisagha kóshirtip, olardyng úrpaqtaryn ejelgi jazbalaryn týsine almaytyn kýige jetkizgen Stalin edi. Resey iyezuidterining týrkiler tarihyn ózgertu josparlaryn ary qaray iske asyrghan da osy Stalin bolatyn.

Qúmyqtar HI ghasyrda Daghystangha týgel kóship ketken, al evrey men músylman qazaqtardyng bir bóligi qazirgi Ázerbayjan aimaghynda qalyp qoyghan. Óitkeni, onda evrey mekenderi әli bar, ataqty Cherkizov bazarynyng qojayyny Teliman Ismaylov sol jerding evreyi. Al qazaqtar onda «borchalo-kazah», «qazahlar» degen ataularmen belgili jәne Qazaq dalasy men Qazaq qalasy sonda saqtalyp qaldy.

Ibn әl Asir HIII ghasyrda Shynghyshan әskerining qazirgi Ázerbayjannan Gruzin (kurdj) eline jasaghan joryghyna jergilikti zakavkazielik qazaqtar da qatysqanyn bylay bayandaydy: «Ony (tatary Chingishana) dvinulisi y poshly v stranu kurdjov. K nim prisoedinilsya turkskiy memluk po iymeny Akush, kotoryy sobral v bolishom chisle jiyteley teh gor y pustyny iz turkmen, kurdjov y drugiyh; on vstupil v perepisku s tataramiy, priglasiv ih prisoedinitisya k nemu, y te otvetily emu soglasiyem y sklonilisi k nemu iyz-za obshego ih proishojdeniya (rodstva)...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Búl joldarda Shynghyshan әskerine Akush degen mamlukting jergilikti týrkimen, kurdj ókilderin jinap qosylghany, olardyng Shynghyshan әskerine tuys ekendigi kórsetilgen. Oryssha audarmada «týrkimen, kurj» dep jazylghan ataular arabsha týpnúsqada «týrki qazaq» ekenine kýmәnim joq (búl «týrki qazaq» pen Shynghyshan әskerining qazaqtar ekenin jasyru ýshin «týrkimen, kurj» dep orysshalanghan). Resey audarmashylary olardy týrkimen men gruzin (kurj) dep týsindiredi. Shynghyshan zamanynda gruzinderding әuelgi jurjan-jurzan atauy kurj bolyp ornyqqanyn kóremiz. Shynghyshan әskeri kurj (gruziyn) elin jaulaugha bara jatyr, óz elin jaulap bara jatqan әskerge gruzin (kurj) adamdary qosyluy mýmkin emesi týsinikti. Shynghyshan әskeri men oghan qosylghandardyng týbi bir tuysqandar ekenin atap kórsetken. Týrkimen, gruzinderding eshqaysysy Shynghyshan halqymen tuys emes, al Shynghyshan әskeri qazaq taypalary ekenin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Arabsha jazyluy: كزح – kazah, كرج – kurdj. Olay bolsa, Shynghyshan әskerine qosylghandar – Qazaq qalasy aimaghynyng qazaqtary. Olardyng elin HII ghasyrda Kurjan (gruziyn) patshasy basyp alyp, ózderin qanghytyp jibergen. Olar tuystyghyn paydalanyp Shynghyshan әskerine (qazaqtargha) qosylyp, óz júrtyn azat etuge tyrysqan. Olardyng gruzindermen soghysta sheshushi ról atqarghanyn Ibn әl Asir bayandaydy. Olardyng Shynghyshan әskerimen tuystyghy, oryssha «týrkimen kurdj» dep kórsetilgen atau arabshada «týrki qazaq» bolsa, kóp shyndyq ashylady. Ol shyndyq: Ázerbayjandaghy qazirgi Qazaq qalasy ol zamanda músylman Qazaq elining astanasy bolghan jәne HIII ghasyrda Zakavkaziege barghan Shynghys han әskeri de – qazaqtar.

Al HIII ghasyrda Shynghys han әskeri kelgende Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli derbes patshalyq bolghanyn jәne Alan patshalyghymen odaqtas ekenin Ibn әl Asirding tómendegi deregi rastaydy.

«Poluchiv izvestie o niyh, alany pospeshily sobrati u sebya mnogo kipchakov; ony srazilisi s nimi, no ny odna storona ne preodolela drugoy. Togda tatary poslaly skazati kipchakam: “My s vamy odnogo roda, a ety alany vam ne rodnya, chtoby vy im pomogali, y ih religiya ne pohoja na vashu. My vam daem obeshanie ne trogati vas, y my vam dadim skoliko hotiyte deneg y odejdy, esly vy ne budete vmeshivatisya mejdu namy y imiy”. Y ony deystviytelino prepodnesly im to, o chem bylo ugovoreno, posle chego kipchaky pokinuly gorod alanov: y na nih napaly tatary, mnogih iz nih perebili, ograbily y uvely v plen. Potom ony napravilisi k kipchakam, kotorye, chuvstvuya sebya v bezopasnosti, v silu zakluchennogo mejdu nimy y mira, razoshlisi, no ne uspely ony opomnitisya, kak neojidanno napaly na nih tatary, vtorglisi v ih stranu y po ocheredy nanesly im porajenie y otnyaly u nih vdvoe bolishe togo, chto ony im dali. Kipchaki, jivshie daleko, uslyshav ob etom, bejaly daleko bez boya, prichem odny iz nih iskaly ubejisha v lesah, drugie v gorah, a inye ushly v stranu rusov; tatary je ostalisi v strane kipchakov, bogatoy bolishimy postbishamy zimoy y letom. V ney esti holodnye letom y teplye zimoy mesta, bogatye pastbishami. Eto – strana lesov na beregu morya. Ony doshly do goroda Sudaka, goroda kipchakov, gde ih glavnye sily; on nahoditsya na beregu Hazarskogo morya y k nemu pristait korabli. Eto Hazarskoe more soedinyaetsya s zalivom Konstatantinopolya. Dostignuv Sudaka, tatary ovladely iym, jiytely je ego razbejalisi v raznye strany; odny ushly v gory so svoimy semiyamy y imushestvom, drugie sely na korably y otpravilisi v stranu rumov, chto v rukah musuliman — detey Kylych-Arslana...)» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Demek, Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli derbes patshalyq bolghan jәne Alan patshalyghymen odaqtas. Shynghys han әskeri olarmen ózderi bir halyq ekenin aityp ýgittep jәne syi-siyapat jasap, qazaqtardy soghysudan bas tartqyzghany, sosyn әueli alandardy talqandaghanyn, keyin Qazaq elin shauyp, tonaghanyn Ibn әl Asir bayandaydy. Sol kezde Qazaq elining kóp bóligi jan-jaqqa bosyp ketken. Ol derek bylay órbitiledi «Posle togo, kak tatary zanyaly zemlu kipchakov, poslednie rasseyalisi: odna chasti ushla v stranu rusov, drugaya rasseyalasi po svoim goram, bolishinstvo je iyh, sobravshisi, napravilisi k Shirvan... Odnako musulimane, kurdji, lakzy y drugiye, pochuvstvovav smelosti po otnoshenii k niym, unichtojily iyh, ubili, grabily y zahvatily v plen, tak chto kipchaskiy rab (memluk) prodavalsya v Shirvane po (samoy) nizkoy sene...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Mine, osy kezde Qazaq elining bir toby Don aimaghyna ketken (úrpaqtary – Don kazaktary). Bir toby Urus eline, yaghny Qyrymgha barghan, bir toby Armeniya jerine ketken (ondaghy Kasah ózeni men sarqyramasy sol qazaqtardan qalghan belgi). Olardyng kóbisi qazirgi Ázerbayjan aimaghyna barghan jәne qazaqtardyng kóbi tútqyngha týsip, qúldyqqa satylghan (Alandar qúramynda qúl toby dep kórsetilgen «kasah» pen digor-osetinderi qúramynda qúl toby dep kórsetilgen «kasagta» sol qúldyqqa týsken qazaqtar ekeni anyq). Óz jerinde qalghan qazaqtar XVI ghasyrda qanday kýide bolghanyn Anna Antonovskaya enbegindegi derektermen jetkizdik.

Don aimaghynda H ghasyrda kóshpendi qazaqtar bolghanyn arab tarihshysy Ál Masudy jazdy. Al «Don» atauyn qazaqshalaghanda – dón, orysshasy – holm. Dóndi, qyratty aimaq bolghandyqtan qazaqtar solay ataghan (mysaly, Aqtóbe oblysyndaghy Dóng degen jerde «Dón» ken bayytu fabrikasy ornalasqan, ony oryssha «Donskoe gorno obogotiytelinaya fabrika» dep ataydy). Don – ózen atauy emes, ol ózen Tanays dep atalghan erteden. Ejelgi jazbalarda atalghan aimaqta alandar mekendegeni kórsetilgen. Osy sebepten Reseyding Dóng atauyn Don etip, ony Tanays ózenining atauyna ainaldyrghany. Óitkeni, osetin tilinde «don» sózi «su» degen maghyna beredi. «Alandar irantildi bolghan, olardyng úrpaqtary – osetinder» dep búrmalaytyn reseylikterding Tanays ózeni manyndaghy alandardy «osetinder» etip kórsetu ýshin «dón» atauyn «don» etip ózgertkeni týsinikti. Anyghynda, qazirgi Don ózeni әuelde Tanays jәne búl atau qazaqtyng qazirgi Tana ruymen baylanysty degen jón. Óitkeni, Tana ruy әuelden Alandyq ru ekenin rimdik jazbalardaghy «alan tanaydy» degen derekter aighaqtaydy. Ataudyng qazaq halqymen baylanysty ekenin jasyru ýshin «Dóndi» «Don» qylghan jәne sondaghy ózen atauyna ainaldyrghan Resey imperiyasynyng sayasaty. Alayda, ol aimaqty erteden kazaktar mekendegeni jәne Resey ol eldi keyinge deyin «Dikoe pole» dep ataghany anyq faktiler.

Arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta XIV ghasyrda sol Don aimaghyn mekendegender týrki tildi qypshaqtar ekenin bayandaydy (yaghni, qazaqtar). Ol sol týrkitildi qypshaqtardyng qazirgi Kubandaghylary hristiandar ekenin, al qazirgi Stavropol aimaghyndaghylary músylmandar ekenin aighaqtaydy. Hristian qazaqtar – Shynghys han shapqan HIII ghasyrda Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq elining Qyrymgha barghandary degen jón. Olar Qyrymda otyrghan Urus pen Sakalban elinen hristiandyq qabyldaghan. Don qazaqtarynyng XVI ghasyrda Resey imperiyasy yqpalyna týsuine sol hristian qazaqtar sebepker boluy mýmkin. Kazaktardyng bir tobynyng últtyq kiyimi qazaqtardikine úqsaydy, al negizgi bóliginde últtyq kiyim kavkazdyqqa jaqyn. Últtyq kiyimderi qazaqsha kazaktar – Don aimaghynda otyrghan kóshpendi qazaqtar, al qalghany – Kavkazdan barghan qazaqtar ekeni dausyz.

Kóshpendi qazaqtardyng kóbisi músylman boldy, sondyqtan olar qazaqtyghyn joghaltpay saqtap qaldy jәne әli de Volgograd, Astrahan aimaqtarynda ata-babalarynyng jerinde otyr. Kazaktargha XVII ghasyrda cherkes degender qosylghan, olar – qazaqtyng sherkesh taypasynyng hristiandyqqa ótken bóligi. Resey ghalymdary qazaq tarihyn joqqa shygharumen boldy, olar HIH ghasyrdan bastap adygeylerdi «cherkes» dep atap keledi. Alayda, adygey halqy ózin eshqashan «cherkes» dep tanymaghan jәne ony moyyndamaydy. Al qazaqtyng sherkesh taypasy sol Dongha jaqyn aimaqta әli bar, osy faktini orystar әdeyi moyyndamaydy.

Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli eshki jýninen shәli mata óndirgenin, sonday matany Orynbor kazaktary da toqyghanyn aittyq. Qavkazdan shyqqan qazaqtar Dónge (Don aimaghyna) malymen birge kóship barghany jәne maldary negizinen eshkiler bolghany anyq (Orynbor kazaktarynda eshki sharuashylyghy saqtalghan).

Orystardyng ata-babalary Altyn Orda zamanynda Altyn Ordagha bodan Búlghar eli bolghanyn arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta deregimen kórsettik. Búlgharlar – týrki tildi halyq, olar Qazaq elin qysqasha «qaz el» dep ataghan. Búlghar elin, yaghny Reseydi biylegen Ivan Groznyidyng әskeri Dóng (Don) qazaqtarynan jasaqtaldy. Ivan Groznyidyng óz esimi – Tit («tittay» degen maghynada), ony hristian әri slavyan etip kórsetu ýshin «Ivan Groznyi» degen jalghan atpen tariyhqa engizgen – keyingi Resey imperiyasy. Ivan Groznyidyng anasy – qazaq hany Mamaydyng qyzy (Mamay – Qasym hannyng balasy, Qasym han qaytys bolghanda, ornyna han bolghan, shyndyqty jasyru ýshin ony qazaq shejiresine Mamash dep engizgen de orys sayasatkerleri). Ivan Groznyy qol astyndaghy orys-búlgharlardy baghynyshynda ústau ýshin naghashy júrty qazaqtardy әsker etip ústaghan (streleskie polkiy). Ol orys-búlgharlardyng jappay hristiandyq qabyldauyn toqtatu ýshin shirkeulerdi órtep, svyashennikterdi óltirumen boldy. Altyn Orda zamanynan Búlghar eli men Altyn Ordanyng negizgi halqy – qazaqtar arasynda ózara jekkórushilik bolghan, sebebi – «búlghar seperatizmi» ekeni týsinikti. Qazaqtardyng músylmandyghy óte myqty bolghanyn sol Ibn Batuta bayandaydy.

Búlgharlardyng Qazaq elin jek kórui aqyrynda sol qazaqtyng músylmandyghyn da jek kóruge alyp keldi. Osylaysha músylman búlgharlar jappay hristiandyqqa óte bastaghan (uahabiyshil az ghana qazaqty jek kóremin dep, ata dini Islamnan jery bastaghan qazirgi key qazaqtar siyaqty). Búlghar eli Ivan Groznyiding әskeri bolghan qazaqtardy da únatpaghan. Óitkeni, ol qazaqtar saqshy men jazalaushy әsker qyzmetin qatar atqarghan. Búlgharlar Qazaq elin qysqasha «qazel» dep atady dedik, olar sol qazaqtardyng negizgi maly eshkini de «qazel» dep ataghan. Orys halqynyng saqshylardy (polisiya) erteden «kozyol» dep atap jek kórui sol Ivan Groznyy zamanynda poliysey qyzmetin atqarghan «qazel» adamdarymen baylanysty saqtalghan der edim. Áriyne, Don qazaqtary keyin hristiandyqqa ótken son, eshkini qoyyp shoshqa asyraugha kóshti. Alayda, Orynbor kazaktary eshki sharuashylyghyn saqtap qaldy.

Shynghys han shapqynshylyghynan Kavkaz qazaqtary qazirgi Týrkiya aumaghyna da jetken (jan-jaqqa bas saughalap ketken son, olargha kim kóringen әlimjettik jasap, qúldyqqa salghan). Olardy tarihta «qay» taypasy dep jazady jәne olar da eshkini kóp asyraghan әri mata óndirip satumen ainalysqan. Olardy biylegen Sýleymen úly Ertúghyryl jәne onyng әieli Týrki Seldjuk (Tórgi Asyljik) dinastiyasynan boldy. Ertúghyryl úly Osman keyingi Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan. Resey oqymystylary әdetimen «Qay taypasy – oghyz elinen, olar qazirgi Týrkimenstan aimaghynan barghan» dep búrmalaydy. Al búl derekke qatysty Týrkiya ghalymdary ejelgi otandary Resey imperiyasy qol astynda (Kenes odaghy) bolghandyqtan, onda derbes ghylymy zertteuler jýrgize almady. Amalsyz, orystar aitqan jalghan tújyrymdardy qabyldaugha mәjbýr boldy.

Reseylikter Týrki Seldjuk tobyn da oghyz elinen deytini, olardy oghyzdardyng qynyq taypasynan dep jazatyny ras. Alayda, sol oghyzdardyng ýzilmegen jalghasy – týrkimenderde qynyq pen qay degen ru-taypa atymen joq. Aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde Týrki Seldjuk toby Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynan ekenin, yaghny Týrki Seldjuk atauy dúrysynda Tórgi Asyljik ekenin jәne olardyng qazaq dalasynan baryp Oghyz elin biylegenin aitqanbyz. Oghyz elin alghash biylep bastaghan – Týrki Seldjuk Mәlik әl-Ghazi, arabsha jazbadaghy «әl ghazaq» atauyn әdeyi orysshada «al-gazi» dep búrmalap jibergen (Arabsha jazylulary: غاذق – Ghazaq, غاذى – Ghaziy). Arabsha jazbadaghy «Týrki Seldjukter – qazaq elinen» degen derekti «Týrki Seldjukter – qynyq taypasynan» dep búrmalanuy da Resey sayasatynyng saldary (Arapsha jazylulary: قنق – qazaq, قذق – qynyq).

Týrikting Ertúghyryl turaly teleserialynan onyng eli kiyiz ýilerde túratynyn jәne eshki ústaytyn halyq ekenin kórdik. Alayda, olardyng týr-týsteri aziyat emes, kavkazdyq bolghan (ol jerding halqyna úqsamaytyn bolsa, yaghny aziyattar bolsa, tarihy derekterde aitylar edi). Alandardy ertede biylegen rudy armiyan jazbalary ash-digor dep kórsetken, olar qazirgi osetin halqynda digor atauymen saqtalghan jәne óz tilderi qarashay-balqarlargha jaqyn. Qarashay-balqarlardyng ata-babasy – alandar Huni halqynan ekenin aitqanbyz (qytayshada – lyani, húng tili men qazaqshada – úlan). Úlan taypasynyng I ghasyrda Kavkazgha ornyqqandaryn parsy-grekter «alan» dep ataghandyqtan, olar keyin solay atalyp ketken (Pribaltika aimaghynda XIV ghasyrda otyrghan qazaq («tatar-kazak» delingen) taypalarynyng nayman, arghyn, ulan, qonyrat dep kórsetilui «úlan» atauly taypa sol ghasyrda bolghanyn dәleldeydi). Sondyqtan digor dúrysynda – túghyr, al ash-digor – as-túghyr. As – Asylúya atauynyng keyingi qysqarghan núsqasy, sonda as-túghyr – huni halqyn biylegen Asylúya taypasynyng bir ruy bolghan.

Kavkazdan qazirgi Týrkiyagha barghan qazaqtardy biylegen Ertúghyryl esimi «Er túghyr el» degen maghynada der edim (túghyr elining batyry), onyng әuleti As-Túghyr ruynan bolghan. Týrki Seldjuk dinastiyasy qyzyna qarapayym rudyng adamy ýilene almaghan. Osy faktining ózi Ertúghyryldyng Asylúyanyng Túghyr (ash-digor) ruynan ekenin kórsetedi. Onyng eli «qay» dep atalghanyn aittyq, al «qay» atauy men «qazaq» atauy arabshada birdey jazylady (Arabsha jazylulary: قذق – qazaq, قاى – qay).  Demek, Ertúghyryl eli – Kavkazdan barghan Qazaq halqy jәne Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan sol Ertúghyryldyng úly Osman bolatyn. Tarihshylar Ertúghyryldyng «Ertúghyryl ghaziy» dep atalghanyn, onyng úly Osman  «Osman ghaziy» dep atalghanyn jazady, ony dúrysynda «Ertúghyryl ghazaq» jәne «Osman ghazaq» deuge bolady (jogharyda «ghazi» men «ghazaq» arabshada óte úqsas jazylatynyn kórsettik).

Ertúghyryl eli әueli Alepo qalasynan asa qashyq emes aimaqqa ornalasady, sol qay eli mekenine ainalghany teleserialda aitylady. Shamamen, Siriyanyng sol aimaqtaghy Týrkiyamen shekaralas provinsiyasy әlide «Kasak» dep atalady. Onda qynyq, qypshaq nemese qay degen ataular joq, al ýlken provinsiya – Kasak. Búl beker emes, ol jer Ertúghyryl ghazy eli bolsa, onda onyng halqy qazaq bolghany jәne ony ózge el biyleushileri Ertúghyryl ghazaq dep ataghan.

Týrik halqynda ejelgi otandary qazirgi Qazaqstan degen týsinikting saqtaluy da beker emes. Ol úghym Týrki Seldjuk dinastiyasy men Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan Osman ghazy elining qazaqtar ekendigimen baylanysty. Týrki Ashina bizding jerimizde VI ghasyrda Týrki qaghanatyn ornatty jәne halqy qazaqtar boldy. Olardyn  úrpaghy Týrki Seldjuk toby H ghasyrda bizden baryp Oghyz elin baghyndyrdy. Olar úzaq uaqyt Oghyz elin biylegendikten, qol astyndaghy oghyz halqy dialektisine kóshti. Alayda, ózderin «oghyz» demegen, «týrki qazaq» dep tanydy jәne basshysyn arab jazbalary «Seldjuk Malik al-ghazaq» dep, yaghny «Seldjuk Ámirshi qazaqtan» dep kórsetti («qazaq» atauyn «qynyq» dep,  «al-ghazaq» sózin «al-gazi» dep búrmalaghan orys ghalymdary). Oghyz halqy Týrki Seldjuk tobyn qatty qadirlegeni, sol sebepti ózderin keyin «oghyz» dep emes, «týrkimin» dep ataugha tyrysqany jәne týrkimen atauy osylay qalyptasqany bayqalady.

Jogharyda Ázerbayjan memlekettiligining negizin qalaghan Eldengiz Atabekting qypshaq ekeni jәne әskerinde qypshaqtar kóp bolghany, keyin sol qypshaqtardyng Iran aimaghyna qonystanghany jayly tarihshylar aitqanyn jazdyq. Olar shynynda qypshaq emes, qazaqtar ekeni dausyz, ony sol Ázerbayjan aimaghyndaghy Qazaq ataulary da dәleldeydi (onda qypshaq atauy mýlde joq). Iran memleketinde Kavkazdan shyqqan músylmandardan jasaqtalghan kazak әskeri saray tónkeristerinde qoldanylghany, olardy Reseyden kelgen Kasagovskiy degen kazak-orys jattyqtyrghany aitylady. Áriyne, Resey olardy Kavkaz qazaqtary demeydi, olardy ertede Kavkazdan shyqqan músylman kýrdi, týrkimender dep kórsetedi. Olay bolsa, nege olar «kazak» dep atalatynyn týsindire almaydy. Dúrysynda, olar – sonau Eldengiz Atabek zamanynan bastap Kavkazdan baryp, Irangha ornyqqan qazaqtar.

Osy maqalada kórsetilgen әrbir derekkke qazaq tarihshylary nazar audarsa, Ibn әl Asir men Ál Masudy jәne Ibn Batuta jazbalaryn tikeley arabshadan qazaqshagha audarsa (tek qazaq audarmashylary kómegimen) ýlken is tyndyrar edi. Al senimsiz әri derekteri ózara qarama-qayshylyqqa toly Rashiyd-ad-din jazbasyn tәrjimalaudan týk payda joq. Ol tek reseylik iydeologiyamen jazylghan jalghan tarihtyng kýsheye beruine alyp keledi. Shynynda, ol jazbany dayyndaghan Resey imperiyasyndaghy iyezuidter ordeni, ony qazaqshalaudy evrey alpauyty qarjylandyrghany belgili.

Daghystandaghy Qazaq-Qúmyq handyghy turaly aityp óttik. Ibn Batuta jayyndaghy maqalamyzda onyng Hajtúrghan (Astrahan) qalasynan Ukak (Prohladnaya) qalasyna, sosyn Qara teniz jaghasyndaghy Sudak (Novorossiysk) qalasyna barghanyn kórsettik. Sol joly Ibn Batuta qazirgi Qabardiyn-Balqar, Ingushetiya jәne Soltýstik Osetiya jerin basyp ótken. Ol bir kýndik jerdegi tauda (Soltýstik Kavkazda) hristian Urus eli otyrghanyn aitady (Avar nusalidigin biylegen Urus dinastiyasy jayly jogharyda aittyq). Osy derek onyng tau etegindegi qyratty dalamen jýrip ótkenin aighaqtaydy. Oghan osy jolda tek qypshaqtar (qazaqtar) kezdeskenin kóremiz, osetiyn, ingush, kabardinder kezdesse, ol sózsiz jazar edi (Ibn Batuta onday derekterdi әrdayym kórsetip otyrudy úmytpaghan). Demek qazirgi Qabardiyn-Balqar, Soltýstik Osetiya, Ingushetiya aimaqtarynda XIV ghasyrda Altyn Orda halqy –  qazaqtar (qypshaqtar) mekendegen (avar, sheshen, balqar, qabardiyn, osetiyn, ingushter tauda otyrghandyqtan, Ibn Batutagha kezdespegen).

Ibn Batuta bayandaghan Ukok (Prohladnaya) qalasy әuelde kazaktargha tiyesili bolghany qala tarihynda kórsetilgen. Atalghan aimaq HIH ghasyrda Terskaya guberniyasy qúramynda boldy, al Soltýstik Kavkazdaghy kazaktar «terskie kazakiy» dep atalghan. Kavkaz soghystarynyng kuәgeri Lev Tolstoy HIH ghasyrda «terskie kazaky bir-birimen tatarsha sóilesetinin» jazady. Osylaysha kazaktardyng týrkitildi ekenin kórsetedi, «kazak» degen ataulary olardyng tatar emes, qazaq ekenine kuә (orystar barsha týrkilerdi «tatar» dep te tanyghan, qyrymlardy – «qyrymskie tatary», әzerbayjandardy – «zakavkaziskie tatary», qúmyqtardy – «dagestanskie tatary», hakastardy «abakanskie tatary» dep ataghan).

Kazaktar arghy teginde qazaq ekeni anyq, ol jayynda jogharyda aittyq. Terskie kazaky degender de qazaqtar, olar – Altyn Ordanyng halqy (Ibn Batuta jazbasynyng orysshasynda «qypshaq» dep jazylghan). Olardyng ontýstiginde, qazirgi Gruziyadaghy Kolhida oipatynda Qazaq eli boldy. Sol Kolhida jazyghyndaghy Qazaq eli teriskeyinde, taudyng arghy jaghynda otyrghan tuystaryn «teriskey qazaqtary» dep ataghan. Osy «teriskey qazaqtary» atauyn «terskie kazakiy» qylghan, әriyne Resey imperiyasy sayasatynyng saldary.

Teriskey qazaqtary men taudan jazyqqa kóshken músylman tau halyqtary arasynda jer dauy bolghan, onyng arty qan tógisterge úlasqan. Teriskey qazaqtary jeri ýshin Resey imperiyasynyng qolshoqparyna ainaldy, olar býkil Kavkazdy Reseyge baghyndyryp berdi. Al ózderi jerinen ghana emes, qazaqylyghynan da airylyp, orys tildi kazak degen tobyrgha ainaldy. Aldymen aqsha tólep әsker qyldy, sosyn dinine kirgizdi, al ol dinde shirkeu tilinde sóilemegen adam «yazychniyk» dep aiyptalyp, qughyngha úshyraghan (shirkeu-orys tilinde sóilemegen adam hristian dep sanalmaghan). Hristiandyq qabyldaghan qazaq óz ana tilinen bas tartyp, orys tiline kóshuge mәjbýr bolghan (basqa jol joq). Shoqyndyru arqyly ol qazaqtardy «imperiyanyng kazak degen zomby әskerine» ainaldyrdy. Shoqynghan qazaqtar úrpaghy arghy tegi qazaq ekenin, Altyn Orda imperiyasynyng basty halqy bolghanyn úmytty. Olar «za Sariya y za Serkov» dep úrandaghan kazak әskerine ainaldy. Olar – Euraziyany biylegen jauynger qazaqtardyng úrpaqtary, olardy Resey imperiyasy útymdy paydalandy.

Shyn mәninde Resey imperiyasyna Sibir men Qiyr Shyghysty, Qyrym men Kavkazdy, Qazaqstan men Orta Aziyany baghyndyryp bergen kazak jauyngerleri ekeni aqiqat. Olardyng arghy tegin úmyttyru ýshin de tarihymyz búrmalandy. Endi sol kazaktardyng úrpaghyna aqiqatty aityp, týsindiretin uaqyt jetti. Tym bolmasa Qazaqstan men Orta Aziya aumaghyndaghylary arghy tegi qazaq ekenine kózderi jetui tiyis. Resey imperiyasy atalaryn «arzan zomby әskerge» ainaldyrghanyn týsinse, olar aldaghy uaqytta Reseyding qolshoqpary bolmaytyn edi.

Qazaqtyng shynayy tarihyn jazu – Qazaq memleketining tәuelsizdigin nyghaytu jolyndaghy birden-bir ýlken is. Danqty ejelgi tarihy baryn úqqan qazaqtyng balasy men qyzy óz últyn maqtan tútady, ruhy biyikteydi, algha úmtylady. Eshkimnen kem emes ekenin úghynady. Onday adam orys pen qytaygha nemese basqa últqa sinuge tyryspaydy, kerisinshe orys pen qytaydy ghana emes, býkil Euraziyany biylep-tóstegen halyqtan ekeni olardy óz últyn qadirleytin dengeyge kóteredi. Naghyz Ruhany janghyru sonda bolady.

Alayda, Putindi taqqa otyrghyzghan iyezuidter qarap otyrghan joq, olar da jan úshyryp, ózderi engizgen jalghan tarihty Euraziya aimaghynda saqtap qalugha tyrysuda. Reseydi biylegen iyezuid ordenining júmysshy kýshi – «Russkoe geograficheskoe obshestva» dep atalatyn úiym. Qazir sol úiymnyng basshysy Putin men Shoygu jәne reseylik miliarderlerding barlyghy sol úiymgha jyl sayyn qarjy qúyy mindetendirilgen.

Qazaqstanda da «Qazaq geografiyalyq qoghamy» payda boluy, Qazaqstan telearnalarynyng tarihymyzdy tek reseylik eski núsqada nasihattauy, ghalymdarymyzdyng tarihy izdenisterine reseylik ghalymdardyng jii aralasuy kezdeysoqtyq emes. Osy orayda, Qazaq biyligi, últ ziyalylary sauysqannan saq bolghany jón. Óitkeni, jahandanu zamanynda últty joghaltyp alu – bir pәste bola salatyn sharua. Qazaq halqynyn, úrpaghynyng aman boluy bizding moynymyzdaghy amanat!

(Jalghasy bar) 

Bekjan Ádenúly

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