Ábilqayyr bahadýr – qazaqtyng agha hany
Ábilqayyr hannyng 330 jyldyghyna oray
Qalmaq handyghy әskerlerining Qazaq handyghyna jasaghan shapqynshylyghyn Tәuke hanmen atalas tóre túqymdarynyng biri, Jәnibek hannyng kishi úly Ósekeden taraghan Bólekey súltannyng úrpaghy Qajy súltan da bastan keship jatqan. Ol bauyry Bólekeyúly Batyr hanmen qatar ósken bútaq ókili bolatyn. Qajy súltan kýlli ózine qarasty әuletimen, balalarymen (ishinde ortanshy úly, bolashaq Ábilqayyr han bar) Syrdyng tómengi aghysynda ómir sýrdi. Qaraqúm atyrabyn qystap, jaz ailarynda Torghay men Yrghyz ózenderining jogharghy aghysynda, Jemge tayau manda kóship-qonyp jýretin. HVII ghasyrdyng sonyna qaray osy aumaqty mekendeytin qazaqtar Edil qalmaqtarynyng әskery shabuyldaryna jiyi-jii úshyrady. Osynday ahualda jasóspirim Ábilqayyr shayqasqa erte aralasyp, úrystarda tanytqan erjýrektigimen, batyrlyghymen erekshelendi. (Resmy tarihy әdebiyette ol 1693 jyly dýniyege keldi dep jazylyp jýr. Alayda Ábilqayyr hannyng ómir jolyn tereng jәne jan-jaqty zerttep, tendessiz ghylymiy-zertteushilik júmys jýrgizgen tarihshy Irina Erofeeva ony HVII ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldarynyng orta kezinde tughan dep sanaydy. Onyng tamasha júmysyn jәne ózge de tarihy maghlúmattardy salystyryp qarastyra kele, biz búghan sәl týzetu engizip, Ábilqayyrdy Tәuke han taqqa otyrghan shamada – 1680 jyldary dýniyege kelgen degen oigha toqtadyq). 1698 jyly Qazaq handyghy ontýstik-shyghysynan Jonghar handyghynyng joyqyn shabuylyna úshyraghanda, soltýstik-batysynan Qalmaq handyghynyng jasaqtary da jer-suyna tarpa bas saldy. Angke hannyng orys patshasy әskerimen týrli soghystarda bir sapta shayqasyp kóp tәjiriybe jinaqtaghan jauyngerleri jaqsy qarulanghan, әskery ónerge kәsiby mashyqtanghan bolghandyqtan da, kóp jaghdayda qazaqtardan әldeqayda basym týsip jýrdi. Alayda, otanyn qorghap jýrgen sebepti, qazaq sarbazdarynyng ruhy myqty bolatyn. Olar ózderinen kýshti jaudan jenilgenmen, qúty qashpaytyn, ensesin týsirmeytin.
Úrystar arasyndaghy bir beybit sәtte jasóspirim Ábilqayyrdy kópke әigili qazaq batyrynyng qalay kórip, tanysqanyn jәne bir kórgende qanday dengeydegi baghalaumen әspettegenin aita keteyik. Búl jóninde ghasyrlar boyy el ishinde saqtalghan anyzdy dala tósinde aidauda bolghan әldebir orys ziyalysy jazyp ketken eken. Óz aty-jónin kórsetpey, «Nevoliniyk», yaghny «Bas bostandyghy joq» dep qol qoyyp, «Predanie o kirgiyz-kaysaskom hane Abulhaiyre» («Qazaq hany Ábilqayyr turaly anyz») degen taqyryppen HIH ghasyrdyng sonynda Torghay oblystyq baspasózi betinde jariyalapty. Anyzdy ghylymy ainalymgha Erofeeva engizdi. Sondaghy jogharyda atalghan epizodty әngimeleyik. Bir ghana ózgeris – batyrdyng esimin naqtylaymyz. Bizding oiymyzsha, Ábilqayyrdy HVII ghasyrdyng sonynda, yaky HVIII ghasyrdyng alghashqy jyldarynda keziktirgen – keyin hannyng senimdi serigine ainalatyn Jәnibek batyr emes (óitkeni búl shaqta ol tym jas – 1693 jyly tughan), dúrysy – Jәnibekting әkesi Qoshqar batyr bolsa kerek. Anyz sonysymen de anyz, uaqyt óte kele key detali beykýnә ózgeriske úshyraghan ghoy dep oilaymyz. Sonymen... Úly Dala. Týs kezi. Esimi elge әigili, erligine bek razy halyq tik túryp qúrmetteytin Qoshqar batyr dulyghasy kýnge shaghylysa jaltyldap, jasaghynyng aldynda jelip keledi. Aldynan jeke-dara ósip túrghan qalyng bútaqty aghash kórinedi. Aghashtyng janynan ótip bara jatyp, batyr tizginin tartady. Jasaq onyng qos qaptalynan, qaumalay toqtaydy. Bәrining nazary batyr qaraghan jaqqa auady. Aghash týbinde asa kórkem bir jasóspirim jigit qatty úiqy qúshaghynda jatyr eken. Jәnibek batyr oghan sýisine qaraydy. «Órimdey jas, alayda netken ór keskin! Quat pen jiger tóguin qara... Myna balausa bozbalanyng qanynda tektilik bar!» – dep sýisinedi ol. Jan-jaghynan qaumalaghan sarbazdaryna jýzin búryp: «Qarandarshy, – deydi, – qúshaghyn qalay batyl da keng jaza jayyp jatqanyna kónil bólindershi! Ol qúddy ózining qajyrly qoldarymen býkil әlemdi qúshaqtap alghysy keletindey!» Sarbazdar auyzdyghymen alysqan attarynyng basyn tartyp, jetekshilerining auzyna qaraydy. Batyr úiyqtap jatqan jigitting әdettegiden tys ghalamat kórkine sýisingennen, oghan at ýstinen esi kete ýnilip túryp: «Búl balanyng bolashaghy zor. Aytpady demender!» – deydi. Sosyn úzyn nayzasynyng úshymen bozbalanyng qolyn týrtip qalady. Sol-aq eken, bala jigit oyanyp ketedi. Qoshqar batyr nayzasyn keri tartyp alugha ýlgerer-ýlgermesten, jolbaryssha serpimdi qimylmen ornynan atyp túrady. Janynda jatqan sadaghyn ala kóteriledi. Túrghan bette jebeni batyrdyng keude túsyna baghyttaydy. Sadaq jaghyn kere tartyp, atugha әzir ójettigin tanytady. «Toqta, jankeshti bala, toqta, – dep aiqay salady batyr, – tasta sadaghyndy, men Qoshqar bolam! Qoshqar batyr jayynda talay estigen bolarsyn, sening sadaq kezenip túrghan – sol, Qoshqar batyr! Men saghan jau emespin. Men saghan jaqsylyq tileytin dos bolam!» Bala jigit sadaghyn kezep túrghan qalpy, batyrdyng betine tik qarap, ór ýnmen: «Meyli, sen ataqty Qoshqar batyr bolsang – bola ghoy, biraq sening óz betinshe tynysh jatqan adamdy mazalauyng qalay? Al men Ábilqayyr súltanmyn! Áldekimning at ýstinde otyryp, ózimdi nayzamen týrtkileuine men tózbeymin!» – deydi. Batyrdyng nókerleri myna beytanys bozbalanyng ójettigi men jasyna say emes órkókirek menmendigine qayran qalady. Anyryp, bir-birine qarasady. Jabyla qamshynyng astyna alyp, juasytyp jiberse qayter edi?! Biraq Qoshqar batyr beytanys bozbalanyng qylyghyna razy bolghany sonday, bәrin odan sayyn tanyrqatyp, atynan týsedi de, tatulasu niyetin kórsetip, ójet balagha qolyn ózi sozady. Sonda bala jigit sadaghyn tómen týsiredi. Basyn iyip, izet kórsete túryp, el qadirlegen batyrdyng qolyn qysady. Jas Ábilqayyr súltan el tanyghan dala batyrymen osylay tanysady. Búl kezde Qoshqar batyrdyng balasy Jәnibek әli jeti-segiz jasta ghana. Ol da әke jolyn qua kele, el qorghanyna ainalghan batyr, Shaqshaq Jәnibek atanady. Sosyn Ábilqayyr bahadýr hanmen ýzengiles bolady.
Al oghan deyin Ábilqayyr edәuir taghdyr talqysynan ótedi. Nebir shayqastardy bastan ótkeredi. Útady da, útylady da. Edil oirattarynyng qolbasylary ony tútqyngha týsiredi. Olar jýrek jútqan jas qazaqqa әri tandana, әri qyzygha qaraydy. Búl kezde olar asa quatty edi. Kóptegen sәtti әskery joryqtary barysynda qalmaqtardyng da, olardyng bas әmirshisi Angke hannyng da bedeli arta týsken. Sol 18-shi ghasyrdyng basynda Qalmaq handyghynyng ishki sayasy jaghdayy әldeqayda nyghayghany sonday, әli de patshalyq qarmaghyna týse qoymaghan kórshi aimaqtargha óktem biylik jýrgizuge tyrysqan. Osy rettegi onyng ózge kórshilerinen basymdyghy kózge úryp, tiyisinshe, abyroylylyghy artqan, halyqaralyq dәrejede tanylghan. Osynday biyik mәrtebege jetken Aiyke hannyng qúzyrynda edәuir ózge júrt ókilderi, solardyng ishinde, qalmaqtardyng jenisti joryqtarynyng birinde әldeqanday taghdyr talqysymen tútqyndalghan jas Ábilqayyr súltan da qyzmet etken edi.
Qalmaq handyghynda erkinen tys ótkizgen uaqytyn jas Ábilqayyr nәtiyjeli ótkizip, paydasyna asyra bildi. Batyl, zerek, aqyldy jas batyr sol shaqtaghy asa bedeldi jәne tanymal dala qolbasshylarynyng biri retinde moyyndalghan Ayke hannyng әskery isti qalay útymdy týrde qayta qúryp alghanyn zerdeledi. Onyng jýzege asyryp otyrghan el basqaru jýiesin paryqtady. Qalmaq hanynyng әskeriy-sayasy qyzmetindegi eleuli ozyq tәjiriybeni angharyp, ol jýzege asyrghan amaldyng – bayyrghy dala әdetine europalyq dәstýrlerdi kiriktiruding anyq artyqshylyqtaryn bayqady. Ne kerek, qúday boyyna asa zor kýsh-qayratqa qosa darytqan aqyl-oydyng arqasynda, Ábilqayyr súltan ózining erkinen tys biraz mezgil uaqytsha әmirshisi bolghan Angke hannyng qyzmetinde jýrip, ony belgili dәrejede jauyngerlik sharua men memlekettik isterdi úiymdastyruda ónege kórsetken ústazy retinde de qabyldaghanday boldy. Aqyry, tanyghany men ýirengenin, qol jetkizgen biligin óz eli iygiligine júmsaytyn shaq tughanyn týisindi. Sóitip, Edilding tómengi aghysyndaghy Qalmaq handyghynda ótkizgen azyn-aulaq uaqytynan keyin, Ábilqayyr súltan ózining tuyp-ósken ónirine – Syr suyna shektesetin dala men Qaraqúm alqabynda ómir sýrip jatqan tughan-tuysqandary arasyna qaytty. Elge oralghannan keyin tez arada ainalasyn ózining jeke basynyng batyrlyghymen birge, shayqas jýrgizudegi óte ontayly tәsilderdi úiymdastyra biletin әskery sheberligimen qayran qaldyryp, moyyndatty. Úzamay qazaqtar men qaraqalpaqtardan qúralghan jasaqty bastap, bashqúrt elinen bir-aq shyqty.
Qaharly Ivan (Ioann Groznyi) túsynda bodandyqqa týsken bashqúrttar orys taghyna Romanovtar kelgeli beri airyqsha qysym kórip jýrgen. Bashqúrt jer-suy talan-tarajgha úshyratylyp, atamekenderine shekaralyq beketter, qamaldar, patshalyqtyng óz túrghyndary ghana jaylaghan eldi mekender, hristian monastyrilary salyndy. Tarihy qúqtary taptalyp, bostandyqtarynan airylghan bashqúrttar 17-shi ghasyrda әldeneshe ret kóteriliske shyghyp, jerge, dinge baylanysty kóptegen talaptaryn oryndatugha qol jetkize alghan. Alayda patshalyq qashanda óz ozbyrlyghynda bir qadam sheginse, artynsha eki qadam ilgerilep, nebir jәdigóy әreketke baratyn. Onyng ýstine, ókimetting bashqúrt ishindegi paydakýnem sheneunikteri ókilettilikterin asyra paydalanyp, qily zorlyq kórsetu jolymen, bodandardan zanda joq alym-salyq alghan. Sonday qysymdar saldarynan bashqúrttar 1704 jyly qayta kóterildi. Alty-jeti jylgha sozylghan búl kóterilisting belgili bir kezeninde, 1708 jyldar shamasynda, bashqúrttardyng orys patshalyghynyng әskerlerine qarsy shayqastaryna Ábilqayyr súltan da atsalysty. Ol múnda bashqúrt jetekshisi Aldar Esengeldinning shaqyruymen kelgen edi. Ózi bastap әkelgen qazaq-qaraqalpaq odaghynyng qúrama jasaghy patsha әskerine qarsy belsendi úrystar jýrgizdi. Osy shaqta Ábilqayyr ózi iygergen jәne mashyqtanghan әskery ónerin bastap әkelgen jasaghy men kóterilisshilerge riyasyz ýiretti. Soghysudyng qyr-syrymen bólisip, óz әskerine de, bashqúrt jasaqtaryna da sheber jetekshilik etti. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde bashqúrt kóterilisshileri men olardy qoldaushy sarbazdar Sarytau (Saratov), Astrahan, Samara, Qazan, Vyatka, tipti Kavkaz ben Tobylgha deyin at oinatqan. Ábilqayyr bahadýrding jeke basynyng erligine, jaugershiligine, әskery qolbasylyq qabiletine tәnti bolghan bashqúrttar ony ózderining hany dep atady.
Teristiktegi bashqúrt kóterilisining songhy kezeninde orys ókimetine qaru alyp qarsy túru ontýstikte 1708 jyly qaytadan óristedi. Ol Qazaq handyghynyng uaqyt ótken sayyn ýdey týsken jonghar basqynshylyghyna qarsylyq kórsetu sharalaryn úiymdastyryp jatqan shaghyna sәikes keldi. Kýrdeli sayasy jaghdaydy jan-jaqty sarapqa salghan Tәuke han, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, el biyligine reforma jasaudy qolgha alghan. Soghan oray Áyteke by bastaghan bas adamdar bashqúrt elinde orys әskerimen soghysyp jýrgen Ábilqayyr súltannyng elge qaytuyn súraghan. Sodan, qazaq-qaraqalpaq qolyn basqaryp, bashqúrt kóterilisin qoldauda edәuir tabysty jenisterge jetken, europalyq jalpaq ónirde de jihanger, qolbasshy retinde keninen tanylghan Ábilqayyr bahadýr tughan eline oralady. Oralysymen, oirattardyng eki tústan da jasap jýrgen shapqynshylyghyna qaytip tótep beruge bolady degen ómirlik mәseleni aqyldasqan bas qosulargha qatysady. Osy taghdyrly saualdy qarastyru ýshin (tarihta Qaraqúm qúryltayy degen ataumen әigili bolghan) halyq ókilderi jinalysyn shaqyrugha belsene atsalysady. Qaraqúm qúryltayyna qatysqan Kishi jýzden jәne Orta jýzding bir bóliginen kelgen biyler men rubasylar, aqsaqaldar, basqa da bas adamdar 1710 jyly Ábilqayyrdy han lauazymyna saylaydy jәne osy eki jýzden jaugha qarsy jasaqtalatyn әskerding bas sardary etip taghayyndaydy. Ábilqayyr han memleketting Týrkistandaghy ortalyq ordasynda otyrghan Bas han Áz Tәukening batys ólkedegi arqa sýieytin senimdi tiregi, qazaq handyghynyng qabyrghaly, qarymdy qorghaushysy retinde qabyldanady.
Aral tenizining soltýstigindegi Qaraqúmda ótken Qarakesek qúryltayyn tarihta Qaraqúm qúryltayy dep te, Qarakesek qúryltayy dep te tanbalay beredi. Óitkeni búl jiyn bolghan Qaraqúm alqabyn negizinen Qarakesek ru-taypalary mekendeytin. Osy halyq qúryltayyna shartaraptan jinalghan júrtshylyq ókilderi (tóreler, biyler, rubasylar, ózge de týrli shonjarlar, aqsaqaldar, batyrlar, sarbazdar) ózderinen kýshi basym qaharly jaugha júmyryqsha júmylyp, býkil el-júrt bolyp birigu jolymen qarsy túramyz dep bir auyzdan sheshken. Sheshim asa kýrdeli, qayghyly-zarly jan kýizelisi búrqaghan auyr ahlaqtyq ahualda qabyldandy. Qúryltayda әuelde kýizelisti elding ýmitin ýze týsken kýnirenis ornap túrdy. Aqylman aqsaqaldyng biri mәseleni terennen qozghap tolghanghan-dy. Qasym han zamanynan beri biz salt etken ústanym qanday edi dep ah úrghan... Auyzdan auyzgha berilip keledi – sonau úly әmirshi bizdi dala tólimiz degen. Bizde qymbat mýlik joqtyghyn aitqan. Bizding bar baylyghymyz – jylqy, sol kezde de, qazir de biz ýshin jylqynyng eti men terisi as әri kiyim, sýti susyn. Áli kýngi kónil kóterer ornymyz – mal jayylymy, jylqy ýiirleri. Qashannan at kórinisine sýisinetinbiz. Býgingi jau bizdi atam zamannan ústap kele jatqan osy saltymyzdan aiyrdy. Atamekenimizden tyqsyruda. Jer-suymyzdy basyp aluda... júrt bosyp ketti. Qaytip jan saqtaymyz? Eldigimiz qayda qalmaq? Dúshpan atynyng túyaghy astynda taptalyp qala beremiz be? Op-onay jan bere salamyz ba? Álde bir aqtyq serpilisimizdi kórsetemiz be? Babalar jolyna salsaq, kýresken jón. Qasyq qanymyz qalghansha soghysu lәzim. Elimizdi, jerimizdi, ata-ana, әiel, qyz-kelinshek, bala-shaghamyzdy, bir-birimizdi, oshaghymyzdy bir jennen qol, bir jaghadan bas shygharyp qorghaghan dúrys bolmaq. Biraq qaytip? Ne isteu kerek bizge qazirgi asa auyr jaghdayda? Jan-jaqtan at sabyltyp Qaraqúm qúryltayyna kelgen aghayyn, osy jayynda keleli kenes qúrayyq degendi aitty. Jiyn barysynda týrli dauys shyqty, toryqqan pikir estildi. «Toz-tozy shyqqan el-júrtty saqtau ýshin, tym qarsylasa bermey, qalmaq qontayshynyng meyirimine ýmit artayyq, – dedi әldebir bas adam qoyanjýrek qorqaqtyq kórsetip, – sonda qalghan mal-janymyzdy aman alyp qalarmyz, búdan arghy ómirimiz qauipsizirek bolar». Tap sonday kónil-kýidegi ekinshi bireui: «Qoy, keteyik búl jaqtan, Edil asayyq, shalghaygha qonys audarayyq, pәleden sóitip qashyp qútylayyq», – dep, ýrey ýstine ýrey qosyp jatty. Ony ýshinshisi: «Alysqa ýdere kóship nemiz bar, jan-jaqqa, sekseuil arasyna qoyansha bytyray shashylyp ketsek te bolmay ma, toptalyp qarsylyq kórsetpesek bizdi jau izdey de, ala da qoymas», – dep tolyqtyra týzetip jatty.
Osynau jeniliske beyil toptyng aitqandary qúryltaygha ýmit arta kelgen kópshilikting oi-pikirine qobalju kirgizgendey boldy. Halyq jinalysyn shaqyrudyng bel ortasynda jýrgen Ábilqayyr bahadýr múndaydy kýtpegendikten týiilip otyr edi, bir kezde nayzaghaysha jarq etip, qamyqqan júrttyng ensesin kýrt kótergen jәit oryn aldy. Ortagha Bókenbay batyr júlqyna shyqty. Tәuke hannyng aqylymen úiysqan Jetiru birlestigining Tabyn ruyn basqaratyn, erjýrektigimen el auzyna kópten iligip jýrgen batyr, jigit aghasy. Ol mәjilis qúrghan júrtshylyqqa ainala qarap, qatty aitys ýstinde kiyimining ónirin aiyryp jyrtyp jiberdi. Qylyshyn qynynan suyryp alyp, keneske jiylghandar aldynda ýiire kóterdi de, ýzdige sóilep, jan aiqaygha basty: «Dúshpanymyzdan ósh aluymyz kerek! – dedi ol emosiyagha toly jarqyn da qozdyrghysh dauyspen. – Talqany shyghyp tonalghan kóshterimiz ben tútqyngha týsken úrpaghymyzdyng qor bolghanyn sharasyzdana baqylaumen shekteletin beyshara bolmayyq! Biz kek qaytarugha tiyispiz! Qolymyzdan qaruymyzdy tastamay, qylyshymyzben dúshpanymyzdy shauyp túryp jan tapsyrayyq! Qypshaq jazyghyndaghy, ata-babamyz aunap-qunaghan osynau qazaq dalasy tósindegi sarbazdar qay kezde jýreksinip edi! Men qolymdy jau qanyna malghanda – myna saqalgha aq kirmegen edi ghoy! Endi men pútqa tabynghan jabayylardyng óktem zorlyghyn jaybaraqat qabylday bermekpin be?! Shýkir, tabyndarymyzda sәigýlikter jetkilikti, shayqasqa minetin myqty túlpar azayghan joq! Beldegi qoramsa ótkir súr jebeden ortayghan joq! Keruli sadaqtyng quatty jaghy serpimdiligin joghaltqan joq! Qylysh mayyrylghan joq! Shayqasamyz!» Bókenbay batyrdyng osynau jýrekjardy sózi jeniluge moyynsúnghandargha eltigenderding kónil-kýiin shapshang óz jaghyna búryp aldy. Jer-jerden jinalghan rular men atalyqtardyng basshylary, aqsaqaldar, biyler men súltandar birinen song biri sóilep, qazaq jer-suynan jaudy quyp shyghudy, qaytkende jeniske jetudi maqsat etken sózder aitty.
Qúryltaygha jana serpin endi. «Qúp aldym Bókenbay batyrdyng sózin!» – dep jariya etti el aghalarynyng biri. «Ant etem jaudan ósh alugha!» – dedi ekinshisi ony qostap. Osylay, saltanatty ant beru rәsimi kenetten bastalyp ketti de, jyldam úlghaya týsti. Bir jigit ortagha suyryla shyqty da, sapysyn kókke kótere jalandatty. Sodan song bilegin tilip jiberdi. Búrq etip aqqan qandy ortada janghan alaugha tamyzyp túryp: «Ant ishem!» – degen sózdermen, bilegin otqa keptirdi. Onyng ýlgisin qoldaghandar kóbeydi. Jigitter qandy bilekterin týiistiristi. Tós qaghystyrysty. Ata jaudan qorghanu, tughan jerdi azat etu barshanyng esil-dertin aldy. Ant bermegen jan qalmady. Biri ortagha aqboz at jetektep әkeldi, tórdegi aqsaqaldan bata súrady. Bata berildi. Qúran oqyldy. Jylqy bauyzdaldy. Qúryltaygha qatysushylar arnayy soyylghan aqboz attyng etin asyp jep, qúrghan odaqtarynyng tabandy da myqty bolmaghyn aityp jatty. Tәuke han búdan búryn aimaqtardy basqarugha óz ókilderin taghayyndaghan, keyingi jyldary jana jaghdaydy eskere otyryp, әr aimaqtyng óz hanyn saylaudy qosh kórgen. Búdan birer jyl ilgeride, shyghys aumaqtaghy júrtty basqarugha Tәuke hannyng batasymen Qayyp han saylanghan bolatyn. Oghan Orta jýz ben sol jaqty mekendeytin Kishi jýzding bir bóligi qaraydy. Sol shamada Úly jýz Abdolla handy taqqa otyrghyzyp aldy. Endi osynau qúryltayda, osynau keneytilgen biyler kenesinde Kishi jýzding hanyn saylap alghandary oryndy dep tabylghan. Han lauazymyna kýni keshe bashqúrt taghynda bolyp kelgen, joryqtarda jihangerlik jaqsy aty shyghyp jýrgen Ábilqayyr bahadýrdi saylau úsynyldy. Qúryltay mýsheleri búl úsynysty qyzu qoldady. Súltandar men biyler Ábilqayyr bahadýr súltandy aq kiyizge otyrghyzyp, júrtshylyq aldynan alyp ótti: han kóterdi. Tabyn Bókenbay batyr halyq jasaghyna jetekshilik etetin sardar retinde tanyldy. Osylay, oirattardyng ýdey týsken agressiyasyna jauap retinde, qazaq elining batysyndaghy ólkede memleket ishindegi jana әkimshilik birlik – ózining әskeri bolatyn Ábilqayyr handyghy payda boldy. (Búl – Joshy әuletinen shyqqan Ekinshi Ábilqayyr. Al Birinshi Ábilqayyr Aq Orda әmirshisi Baraq han qaza tauyp, Noghay Ordasy bólingennen son, Aq Ordanyng qalghan bóliginde qúrylghan «Ábilqayyr handyghyn» biylegen). Handyqqa Kishi jýzding Álimúly, Bayúly, Jetiru birlestikterining kóp bóligi kirdi, Orta jýzden qypshaq pen nayman rularynyng biraz bóligi endi. El ishine kóterinki kónil-kýy ornady. Basqynshylargha tosqauyl qoygha júrt tas-týiin әzirlendi. Ókilderi qúryltaygha qatysqan aimaqtardan jәne qúryltay sheshimin estigen ózge jerlerden de sarbazdar otan qorghaytyn joryqtargha әzirlene bastady. Auyl-auylda ústalar, sheberler, ismerler iske kiristi. Qaru-jaraq dayyndady. Dulygha, sauyt tigip, jebe, sadaq, aibalta, qylysh, shoqpar soghyp jatty. Júmys qyzdy.
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Taqqa otyrghan bette Ábilqayyr han kóptegen ózekti mәselelermen betpe-bet kelgen edi. Qúryltaydan keyin ile-shala ótken Qaraqúm shayqasy qazaqtyng otanshyldyghy, namysy joghary ekenin kórsetti. Dúshpandy úiymdasqan týrde týre qudy. Alayda Edil qalmaqtary men Jayyq kazaktary, tipti kýni keshe mýddelerin ózi aralaryna baryp qorghasqan bashqúrttar da elding teristigi men teristik-batysyndaghy qúnarly jer-sugha, Edil-Jayyq aralyghyna, Yrghyz, Tobyl ózenderi alqaptaryna sol alapat úrystan keyin de údayy kóz alartyp, әlsin-әlsin qazaqtarmen qaqtyghysyp qalularyn dogharmay túrghan. Al ontýstikte Sevan Ravdannyng jongharlary tegeuirindi joryqtaryn toqtata qoymaghan edi. Osynday kýrdeli ahual saldarynan Ábilqayyr birneshe baghytta bir mezgilde әreket etu joldaryn oilaugha mәjbýr boldy. Halqy ony týsindi, qoldady. Ár atadan iriktelgen jigitter atqa qondy. Sonda Ábilqayyr han men Bókenbay batyr bas bolyp, az uaqytta qalmaqty Qaraqúm alabynan asyrdy. Jem ózeninen qudy. Jayyqtyng arghy betine deyin tyqsyrdy. Sarysu ózenining syrtyna qashyrdy.
Ábilqayyr hannyng qalyptasqan jaghdaygha baylanysty tastaghan úranyna Qayyp han men Abdolla han óz ýnderin qosty. Tabyn Bókenbay batyr bastaghan qaharman sarbazdar qataryna el ishindegi Tama Eset batyr, Qoshqarúly Shaqshaq Jәnibek, Qanjyghaly Bógenbay, Qarakerey Qabanbay syndy ondaghan aituly batyrlar qosyldy. Solar bastaghan sarbazdar azattyq ýshin alysyp, dúshpan jasaqtaryn elden quyp shyqty. Joghaltqan kóshi-qondyq jerlerin, shúrayly jaqsy jayylymdaryn qaytaryp aldy. Qazaq handyghynyng әskeri 1711 jәne 1712 jyldary jonghar basqynshylaryna toytarys berumen, olardy handyqtyng jer-suynan alastap, shyghysqa yghystyryp tastaumen ghana shektelmey, olardyng eline – Jonghariyagha basyp kirdi. Sәtti joryq jasap, oljaly oraldy. Oirattardyng qarymta qaytaru maqsatymen 1713 jyly jasaghan qarsy shabuylyn da jeniliske úshyratty. Aragha az uaqyt salyp, jongharlardyng qazaq elimen shektesetin úlystaryn taghy shapty. Sodan keyin birneshe jyl boyy qazaq jәne jonghar elderimen eki arada úsaq qaqtyghystar ghana oryn alyp túrdy. Biraz uaqyt tynysh ótti. Sevan Ravdan qontayshy әzirge qazaq eline ýlken armiyasyn búra qoymady. Onyng iri shabuyl jasamauynyng bir sebebi qytaymen eki aralarynda jana soghystyng bastaluynda jatqan. Oirattardyng negizgi әskery kýshi Siyn-Qytay imperiyasy әskerlerine qarsy soghysqa júmyldyrylghan bolatyn. Búl 1715 jyl edi. Qazaqtargha ishki jaghdaydy túraqtandyryp, nyghayta týsu mýmkindigi tudy.
Osy rette úlan-ghayyr Úly dala tósin alyp jatqan qazaq elin zamana dauyldaryna tótep beretindey dәrejede damytyp, basqara aludy kózdegen jana jýiening engizilgeni ondy bolghanyn aita ketu lәzim. Jýzder óz aralarynda әldebir basymdyqqa qol jetkizudi eshqashan maqsat etken emes, bir de bir ret ózara qaqtyghystargha barghan joq. Kerisinshe, aralas-qúralas, aghayyngershilikpen kýn keshti. Al qajettilik tughanda, ru-taypalardyng bәri ýsh jýzding birikken әskerine sarbaz berdi, syrtqy jaudan birlesip qorghanudan esh uaqytta bas tartpady. Tәuke han men onyng ýzengilesterining jogharyda aitylghan nәtiyjege jetkizgen sayasy tvorchestvosy shyn mәninde el aghalaryna layyq danyshpandyq pen kóregendikti tanytqan edi. Alayda әbden qartayghan Tәuke han ózining osynau reformasy mýmkin etken jana tarihy jaghdaydaghy elin úzaq basqara almady. Ol 1715 jyly dýnie saldy. Sýiegi Qoja Ahmet Yassauy kýmbezi janyndaghy qazaq handary panteonynda mәngi tynshugha qoyyldy. Búl kezde zamana qazaq eline jana syndaryn әkele jatqan. Tarih ghylymynda qalyptasqan kózqaras túrghysynan qarasaq, Tәuke han qazaq elining tarihyndaghy handyq dәuir dep atalatyn tarihy kezenning eng songhy jәne eng kemenger hany bola bildi, ol qaytys bolghannan keyin birtútas memleketting de tarihy ayaqtaldy, sóitip, qazaq elining әr jýzindegi kishi handyqtardyng tarihy bastaldy – kәsiby de, әuesqoy da tarihshy bitken býginderi osylay sanaydy. Áytse de, belgili bir dәrejede jany bar bolghanmen, búl sonshalyqty әdil tújyrymgha jata qoymasa kerek. Bizding oiymyzsha, Tәuke han túsynda qazaq handyghynyng konfederativtik sipatta damu kezeni bastaldy deu әdil bolmaq. Al ol qaytys bolghannan song búl joba týrli ýderisterdi bastan keshti. Bar bolghany jeti-segiz jyl óte, alapat apat oryn aldy. Sonyng qarsanyndaghy jaghdaylardy qysqasha sholsaq, eng aldymen, Qaraqúm qúryltayynan keyingi jyldary Ábilqayyr hannyng әskery jasaqtary teristik-batys shekarany qorghaugha batyl kiriskenin aitu kerek. Edil qalmaqtarymen, Jayyq kazachestvosymen, tipti bashqúrttarmen de jiyi-jii shayqasyp qalyp jýrdi. Ábilqayyr hannyng ózi de әlsin-әlsin el tynyshtyghyn búzushylargha qarsy shabuyldar jasap qoyatyn. Qazan qalasyna deyin bardy. Jayyq qalashyghyn aidan astam uaqyt boyy qorshaugha alyp túrdy. Ontýstik Oral, Edilding orta aghysy jәne Sibir aimaqtaryndaghy qazaq elimen shektesetin jerlerde óte shapshan, júldyzsha aqqan túlparlarmen shapqan qazaq sarbazdarynyng kórinui patsha әkimshilikterine edәuir qobalju tughyzdy. Jigitterding patshalyq jerine tereng súghyna joryqtar jasauy Astrahan, Qazan, Sibir guberniyalary әkimshilikterine qorqynysh tughyzyp qana qoymay, solardyng bas qolbasshysy Ábilqayyr hannyng esimin әbden tanyp aldy. Resey guberniyalary men Qazaq handyghy arasynda elshiler tolassyz jýrip jatty. Eki jaqtan alynghan tútqyndardy bosatudyng yaky ózara almasudyng joldaryn kelisu, qazaqtar men reseylik bodandar (Jayyq jәne Sibir kazaktary, qalmaqtar, bashqúrttar) arasyndaghy әskery qaqtyghystardy, týrli ózge de kiykiljinderdi sheship, retke keltiru, sonday-aq sauda-sattyq baylanystaryn damytu, kópesterding qazaq halqy ishine baruyna jaghday tughyzu, dala ýstimen ótetin sauda keruenderining qauipsizdigi mәselesin sheshu – kelissózderding negizgi taqyryptary boldy.
1715 jyly qazaqtyng bas hanyn arulap qonggha ýsh jýzding de handary, keybir qalalardaghy kishi handardyng bәri, súltandar, biyler men el ishindegi ózge de bas adamdar týgel qatysqan-tyn. Qaraly astan keyingi mәslihatta el basqaru tizginin kim ústaytyny talqylandy. Qazaqtyng kóne zamannan kele jatqan jasy ýlkendi syilau haqyndaghy jol-jorasyna sәikes, jalpyqazaq әmirshisining ókilettilikteri han taghynda otyrghan merzimi men jasy esepke alynyp, jýzderdegi handardyng birine berilgeni jón dep sheshildi. Solay tandalghan agha han óz aimaghyndaghy biyligimen qosa, basqa әriptesterimen aqyldasa otyryp Áz Tәukening mindetin atqarsyn, sonday tәrtip el birligine tiyimdi qyzmet etedi degen úigharymgha toqtasty. Sóitip, qazaqtyng agha hany retinde Tәukening kózi tirisinde eng birinshi bolyp shyghys ólkede han mәrtebesine kóterilgen Qayyp han tanyldy. Osy oqighanyng artynsha, sol 1715 jyly, búl jayynda Ábilqayyr han orys patshasynyng Tobyl (Tobolisk) qalasyndaghy sibirlik ókimetine hat jazyp habarlady. Qayyp hannyng ózi de Tobyldaghy gubernator әkimshiligine jibergen arnayy elshisi arqyly hat joldap, Áz Tәukening izbasary bolghanyn bayan qyldy. Sibir aimaghy ókimetining basshylyghyna taghayyndalghan Matvey Gagarin gubernator qyzmetine 1711 jyly kirisken-tin. Ol múnda Qayyp qaza tauyp, Ábilqayyr agha han bolghan 1719 jylgha deyin istedi. Guberniya әkimi kezinde Tәuke hanmen, Qayyp hanmen, Ábilqayyr hanmen hat jazysyp, elshilerin qabyldap, ózi de olargha elshi jiberip, jiyi baylanys jasap túrdy. (Ol erterekte Nerchinskide voevoda bolghan. Tobylda gubernator lauazymynda otyrghanynda Sibirdegi obalardy qazghyzyp, kóne zaman kósemderimen birge kómilgen altyn búiym, әshekeylerdi jiyp alghan da, I Petrge jiberip túrghan. Mәskeu men Petrborda zәulim saraylary bar, Reseydegi eng bay adamdardyng sanatyna jatatyn. Gubernator shaghynda Qytaymen jasyryn sauda-sattyq jasaghany, Sibirden ýkimetke tólenui tiyis alym-salyqty kem bergeni, tipti Sibirdi derbes memleket retinde bólip almaq oiy bary anyqtalghan da, Petr patsha ony 1721 jyly sybaylas jemqor retinde Sankt-Peterburgte dargha astyrghan. Eldegi ózge korrupsionerlerdi ýreylendiru ýshin, mәiitin birneshe ay boyy dargha asuly túrghan kýii alannan alangha kóshirip, el nazaryna ashyq kórsetip qoyyp otyrghan desedi). Gagarin atalghan handardyng ýsheuine de jonghar qontayshysynyng Qazaq handyghyn jaulap aludy kózdeytin orasan zor jospary bar ekenin aityp, orys patshasynan qoldau izdegenderi jón degen maghynada kenes bergen. Eger olar Resey memleketine baghynar bolsa, atalmysh jaudan qorghanularyna ózining kómektese alatynyn aitqan. Alayda jeme-jemge kelgende olay etpedi. Qayyp han men Ábilqayyr han jonghargha qarsy orys әskerimen birlesip joryq jasau jayynda 1717–1718 jyldary úsynys bildirgen, biraq qoldau tappady. Óitkeni orys ýkimeti, shyndap kelgende, Jonghariyanyng әlsiregenin qalamaytyn. Reseyge búl kóshpendi handyq sol shamada kýsheyip kele jatqan Siyn-Qytay imperiyasyna qarsy kýsh retinde qajet edi. Ári, jongharlar da, Edil boyyndaghy qalmaq tuystary sekildi, orys patshalyghynyng bodandyghyn qabyl eter dep te ýmittenetin. Sondyqtan Gagarin qazaq handarynyng jonghargha qarsy birlesip qimyl jasau jayyndaghy naqty úsynysyn qúrghaq uәdemen aldausyratyp, әskery kómek súraghan ótinishine syrghytpa jauap berumen shekteldi. Al orys ýkimetinen әskery jәrdem ala almaghan qazaq armiyasy 1917 jylghy jazda Ayagóz ózeni manynda qalmaqtardan oisyray jenildi. Býginde búl jәitti tarihshylar Qayyp han men Ábilqayyr hannyng alauyzdyghy saldarynan oryn aldy dep baghalaugha qúlaghan...
Shyghysta Sevan Rabdan qontayshy orys ekspansiyasyna azu tisin kórsetip qalyp jýrdi. Gagarin Sibirge әkim bop taghayyndalar qarsanda, I Petrding jarlyghymen Bie jәne Katun ózenderining qúiylysyndaghy qazirgi Biysk qalasynyng ornyna 1709 jyly Bikatun qamaly salynghan bolatyn, jongharlar sony jana әkim túsynda tas-talqan etken. Odan olar Petr patshanyng Ertis aimaghynan altyn izdeuge attandyrghan ekspedisiyasyn joyghan. (Podpolkovnik Buhgolis basqarghan ýsh myng adamdyq ekspedisiya 1715 jyly Tobyldan shyqqan edi, ony jasaqtaugha Gagarin jauapty bolatyn. Ekspedisiya sәtsizdikke úshyraghan son, ony joryqqa dayyndaudy úiymdastyru júmysyn nashar jýrgizgen dep, ýkimet Gagarindi aiyptaydy). Ekspedisiyagha qatysushynyng birazy tútqyngha alynghan-dy. Tútqyndar ishinde shved artilleriya serjanty Yuhan-Gustav Renat bolatyn. Ol 1709 jylghy Poltava shayqasy kezindegi soghys tútqyny edi, sodan orys әskerinde qyzmet etip, patshalyqtyng shyghys sheginen bir-aq shyqqan. Renattyng qolgha týsui Jonghar handyghy ýshin naghyz olja boldy. Ol handyqta 17 jyl qyzmet etti. Zenbirek qúyatyn zauyttar saldy. Ken óndiru zauyttaryn ashty. Oq-dәrimen atylatyn qaru-jaraq jasaudy jolgha qoyyp berdi. Óstip, jonghar tútqynynda jýrgen reseylik әskery adamdardyng arqasynda, Jonghar handyghynda soghys óndirisi payda boldy. Handyqtyng әskery kýsh-quaty artty. Múnyng I Petrdi alandatyp, oilandyrghany sonday, mәselening nasyrgha shabuy yqtimaldyghynyng aldyn alu ýshin, 1716 jyly Sevan Rabdangha arnayy elshi jiberuge mәjbýr boldy. Sosyn kazaktar men soldattar qaytadan Ertis boyymen joghary órley bastady. Olar әr basqan jerlerine qamaldar salyp, qaruly garnizon qaldyryp otyrdy. Al jonghar qontayshysy orys syndy kýshti qarsylaspen tikeley aiqasa ketuden tartyndy. Áskery teke-tireske barudan, soghysudan qashqandyqtan, orys ekspedisiyasynyng shyghysqa qaray tek Ertis boyymen jasaghan ekspansiyasyna kóz júma qarady. Ertis pen Obi arasynda kóship-qonyp jýrgen Altay kóshpendilerin ishki audandaryna qonys audartty. Syrtqy sayasy jaghday kýrdeli sipat aldy. Handyghyna qaraytyn aumaqtyng birazynan airylugha tura keldi. Degenmen Jonghariyanyng óz ishinde halyqtyng tyghyz boluyn qamtamasyz etti. 1715 jyldan beri jongharlardyng negizgi әskeriy-soghys qimyldary ekinshi oirat-sin soghysy maydandaryna auysqan bolatyn. Al 1717 jyldan bastap soghys Kukunor (Kók kól) aumaghy men Tiybet jerlerinde jýrip jatty. Kukunor handyghy Tiybettegi buddizm ortalyghynyng ýstinen qaraytyn, al búl Siyn-Qytay biyleushileri ýshin – jol beruge bolmaytyn jәit edi, sondyqtan olar óz әskerin solay qaray baghyttap, 1719 jyly Tiybetke basyp kirdi. Onyng aldynda oirattar Tiybetti basyp alyp, Lhasany talan-tarajgha týsirgen. Endi ózderine soghys asha kelgen sin әskerin talqandady. Sonda Siyn-Qytay imperatory Kansy Tiybetke arnayy әskery ekspedisiya jiberip, oirattardyng sondaghy handyghyn 1720 jyly mýldem joydy. Odan Hami, Túrpan alqaptaryn aldy. Jonghar handyghyna kiruge dayyndaldy. Tiybettegi jenisti sheruining jalghasy retinde, 1720–1721 jyldary Shyghys Týrkistangha joryq jasady. Ýrimshini basyp aldy. Jeri men qalasyn ózine qaytaru ýshin jongharlargha ýlken kýsh-jiger júmsaugha tura keldi. Osy shaqta Qara Ertispen jýzgen Reseyding ekspedisiyalyq kýshteri Jonghariyanyng tap ortasynan shygha keldi. Jongharlar olardyng ózen boyymen ilgerileuin kórmegensigenmen, tap múnysyn kýtpegen bolatyn. Onsyz da sindermen, halhalarmen, qazaqtarmen soghysyp jýrgendikten, endi orystarmen arada jana maydan tuuy olar ýshin mýldem qolaysyz edi. Sondyqtan Sevan Rabdan shúghyl attandyrghan elshilik I Petrge kómek súray barady, alayda ong nәtiyjege jete almaydy.
Sol 1721 jyly I Petr Coltýstik soghysynda jeniske jetip, el aumaghyn Baltyq tenizi jaghyna qaray keneytken. Sodan song patshalyqty imperiya, ózin imperator dep jariyalaghan. Al senat imperatorgha Úly Petr degen ataq bergen. Jana mәrtebe Úly Petrge úlan-ghayyr jana jospar jasatty. Ol ontýstik-shyghys baghytqa nazaryn tikti. 1722 jyldyng basynda Jonghar әmirshisi Sevan Rabdangha arnayy elshilik attandyrdy. Qúramynda geodeziya jәne tau-ken isi mamandary bar, yaghny ghylymy sipatty búl ekspedisiyany artilleriya kapitany Ivan Unkovskiy basqardy. Unkovskiy basqarghan osynau elshilikting aldyna tek qana qontayshymen diplomatiyalyq kelissózder jýrgizu ghana emes, sonymen birge Sibirden Orta Aziyagha baratyn ózen joldaryn zerttep, altyn kenin izdey qaytu mindeti qoyylghan bolatyn. Missiya kerueni erte kóktemde Tobylgha keldi, odan jalpaq taban qayyqtargha minip, Ertis boyyndaghy Semeyge, sosyn Ertisting sol jaq salasy Shar ózeni angharymen Qalba qyrqalaryna bardy, ýlken qiyndyqpen qalyng qarly Tarbaghataydan asty. Emil ózeninen ótti. Sodan keyin Altyn-Emil qyrqalarymen jýrip, kýzde Jonghar qaqpasy arqyly jazyqqa shyqty, taghy biraz jer-sudy artqa salyp, 1722 jylghy qarashanyng sonyna qaray Ile ózenining orta aghysyndaghy qontayshy ordasyna jetti. Al búl kezde Jonghar handyghynyn әmirshisi Sevan Rabdan siyn-qytay armiyasyna qarsy túru sharalaryn jasaumen qatar qazaq eline jana shapqynshylyq jasau josparyn da oilastyryp otyrghan.
Sol shaqtaghy, yaghny «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlama» syndy әigili apat, últtyq qayghy-qasiret qarsanyndaghy qazaq elining basqarylu qúrylymyna kóz salayyq. Keyingi jyldarghy bedeldi zertteushilerding ghylymy ainalymgha qosqan sony mәlimetterine qaraghanda, Úly jýzdi 1720 jyldan bastap Abdolla hannyng úly Jolbarys han basqaryp túrghan. Onyng ordasy, әkesining múrageri retinde, Tashkentte boldy. Jazghy kóshpeli ordasy Shyrshyq, Arys ózenderi angharlarynda kóship-qonatyn jayylymdarynda, sonday-aq Tashkent pen Týrkistannyng arasynda tigilip jýrgen. Tәuke han 1715 jyly dýnie salyp, Qayyp han agha han mәrtebesine kóterilgennen keyin, shamamen «Aqtaban shúbyryndy...» bastalghan jylgha deyin, Orta jýz aumaghynda Tәukeúly Bolat han, odan onyng inisi Sәmeke han biylik jasady (kópten qalyptasqan úghym boyynsha Bolat han Anyraqay shayqasy kezinde, yaghny 1729–1730 jyldardyng birinde ómirden ótti, Tәuke hannan keyingi úly han sol bolghan delinedi. Alayda ghalymdardyng qily derekkózderdi zerttey kelip qorytqan búltartpas tújyrymdaryna qaraghanda, Bolat han jongharlardyng 1723 jylghy shabuyly shaghynda, yaky sodan kóp úzamay dýnie salghan. Ári Tәuke hannan keyin saylau ótkizilgen joq. On shaqty jyldan beri Orta jýzde әmirshi bop kele jatqan Qayyp Áz Tәukeni jerleu rәsimi kezinde agha han retinde moyyndalghan. Tәukening balasy Bolat úly han bolghan emes, ol әkesining ordasynda túra bergen, biraq Orta jýzdi basqarghan. Biylikti belgili bir kezende inisi Sәmekemen bólisken. Bolat han ómirden ótkennen keyin, 1724 jyldan Orta jýz hany Sәmeke boldy). Degenmen múnday ahualgha súltandardyng bәri birdey kelise qoymaghan da, ishki yryn-jyryng órshy bergen. Sonyn saldarynan baqtalastary, aqyry, 1718 jyly Qayyp handy óltiredi. Barlyq kishi handar men súltandar 1719 jyly Týrkistanda taghy da bas qosady. Oilasa kele, batyrlyghymen, qolbasshylyghymen kópke tanylghan, barshasynan han taghynda otyrghan merzimi de úzaq, jasy da ýlken, el basqarudaghy tәjiriybesi de mol, 1710 jyldan Kishi jýz ben ishinara Orta jýzding bir bóligining hany bolyp kele jatqan Ábilqayyr bahadýrge agha han tizginin bergendi qosh kóredi. Ábilqayyr ýlken ordasyn Aral tenizi aimaghynan jalpyqazaq astanasy Týrkistan shaharyna kóshiredi, otbasy men jaqyndaryn (eki әieli, tórt úly men eki qyzy, eresek inileri jәne ózge de jaqyn aghayyndaryn) sonda ornyqtyrady, han qazynasyna Týrkistan men Tashkent jәne olargha qarasty qalashyqtar men auyldardan belgili dәrejede tabystar týsirip túrady. Búl kezde qazaq-oyrat shekarasy, úsaq qaqtyghystardy eseptemegende, birshama tynysh bolatyn. Óitkeni jongharlar ekinshi oirat-sin soghysyna kiyligip, sol shaqta qytay әskerining shabuyldarynan qorghanu mәselesimen bas qatyryp jýrgen. Sol sebepti Ábilqayyr han búl jaqqa asa alandamay, elding teristik-batysyna nazar audardy, sebebi ol jaq mazasyz bolatyn. Sondyqtan ol 1720 jyly atqa qonyp, jogharyda aitylghanday, orys patshalyghymen shekarada joryqtaryn jalghastyrghan. Jenisti sheruimen Qazan guberniyasyna terendep, taza orys ýiezderine jetti. Tútqyndar alyp, soghys oljalaryn óz eline qaray asyrdy. Al ontýstik pen shyghys aimaqtardyng qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu Úly jýz ben Orta jýz biyleushilerining qúzyrynda qala berdi. Alayda ontýstik pen ontýstik-shyghysqa shoghyrlanghan tóre túqymdarynyng el tútastyghynyng sharty haqyndaghy týsinigi ala-qúla, tiyisinshe auyzbirligi kem boldy. Olar ózara baqtalastyqpen jýrip, elding qorghanys qabiletin arttyru sharalaryn oilastyra qoymady.
Tap osy jәit jonghar qontayshysy Sevan Rabdangha 1640 jylghy «Dala erejesi» orayyndaghy úly jospardy oryndaugha qolayly kórinetin. Ol ordasyna Reseyden Unkovskiy elshiligi kelgen kezde tuystarynyng sonau Edil boyyndaghy handyghy ornalasqan aumaqqa deyingi óz eli irgesinen bastalatyn alyp aralyqty qúzyryna qaratyp alu jayyn payymgha salyp otyrghan. Qazaq elin baghyndyru arqyly kóshpendiler imperiyasyn janghyrtu, sonday jolmen shyghysy men ontýstigindegi siyn-qytay, teristigindegi orys memleketterine erkin tótep beru dәrejesine jetu – oirattardyng ózine deyingi basshylary sekildi, múnyng da kózdegeni edi. Jauyngerlik qabileti zor jasaqtaryna sengendikten de, Sevan Rabdan quatty Qytaymen jana әskery qaqtyghystargha baryp, ýnemi soghys jaghdayynda boludan tayynbaghan. Biraq әiteuir ebin tauyp, mýldem jenilip qaludan aman jýrgen. Sonday jaghdayda teristiginen taghy bir qaterli de kýshti orys syndy kórshi boy kórsetkende, sayasatynda jaghdaygha oray amal qoldanugha mәjbýr bolghan edi. 1721 jylghy qyrkýiekte I Petrge elshi jibergen. Elshisi arqyly joldaghan hatynda qontayshy óz handyghyn qaharly qytay shabuylynan qorghaudy orys patshasynan ótingen-tin. Eger Petr patsha Jonghariyany óz qorghauyna әm qamqorlyghyna alsa, ol Qalmaqiya әmirshisi Aike han tәrizdi Reseyding senimdi bodany bolyp túrugha uәde beretinin habarlaghan. Reseylikterge óz handyghy aumaghynan altyn, kýmis kenderin izdeuine rúqsat etetinin aitqan. Tiyisinshe, jonghar qontayshysynyng osy ótinishine oray mәseleni pysyqtau ýshin, orys imperatory oghan arnayy elshi jiberetinin bildirgen. Mine sol uәdege say jasaqtalghan I Petr elshiligi Ivan Unkovskiyding basshylyghymen 1722 jylghy 20 qarashada qontayshy ordasyna jetti. Sonda qystady.
Úly Petrding búl kóshpendiler imperiyasyna degen yqylasty meyiri, osynau jauynger júrtty zamanauy ozyq qaru-jaraqpen qamtamasyz etu joly, sóitip osynau jaujýrek jongharlardy proteksiyasyna qabyldau sharty jayynda elshi lauazymyndaghy artilleriya kapitany Unkovskiy men qontayshy arasynda úzaqqa sozylghan mәmilegerlik jәne iskerlik әngimeler bastaldy. Jonghar әskerining soghysu qabiletin arttyrugha baghyttalghan naqty ister qyzu jýrip jatqan shaqta, ózara kelisimder jasap otyrghan eki tarapqa da kórshi jәne ekeui ýshin de qauipti Qytaydyng úzaq jyldarghy basshysy imperator Kansy (boghdyhan Suani E) dýnie saldy. Ol kýlli Qytaydy biylegen manchjurlyq Sin әuletining tórtinshi ókili. Alty jasynan taqqa otyryp, eldi alpys bir jyl biylegen. Qytay tarihynda eng kóp uaqyt imperator bolghan. Sol merzim ishinde lauazymyna oray alghan esimine («Kansi» – maghynasy: «Gýldenip kele jatqan jәne jyly shúghyla shashqan») say halqyn jaqsylyqqa bólep, sәttilik simvolyna ainalghan әmirshi. Osy imperator Kansiyding kezinde Qytaydyng quaty óte artqan. Odan qanshama jasqanbay shayqasyp jýrgenmen, eki aradaghy soghystar týbi Jonghar handyghyna eleuli qater tóndirip túrghany aiqyndalyp kele jatqan.
Sondyqtan da, jonghar qontayshysy orys patshasyna ýmit arta qaraghan. Biraq Sevan Rabdan orys qamytyna moynyn tyghyp ýlgergen joq – Unkovskiyding missiyasy kelgeli bir ay bolghanda, 1722 jylghy 20 jeltoqsanda imperator Kansy qaytys boldy. Búl oqigha qontayshygha birshama tynshu әkeldi. Óitkeni Qytay taghyna Kansiyding 64 әielining birinen tughan 44 jasar úly knyazi Yun otyrghan. Úly knyazi Yun boghdyhan Kansiyding amanatyna qúpiya ózgertu engizu jolymen, biylikke zansyz kelgen dep sanaldy. Solay oilaghan kóptegen tuysqandarymen teketires jaghdaygha týsken jana imperator ishki kýresti qaytkende óz paydasyna sheshuge tiyis edi. Sondyqtan ol oirattarmen sozylmaly jaghdayda túrghan soghysty toqtata túrugha mәjbýr boldy. Qontayshy Sevan Rabdan men imperator Ini Chjeni (Inchjen) ekeui bitim jasasyp, dostyq jaghdayda qarym-qatynas jasap túru jayynda kelisimge keldi. Osy jәit onyng Qytaydan qorghanu maqsatynda jasaqtap jatqan әskerining baghytyn qazaq eline búrugha jәne Reseymen qúrmaq baylanysynyng mazmúnyn alghashqy sipatynan ózgertuge alyp keldi. Ol Resey bodandyghyn Ayke ýlgisinde qabyldaudan da, qytaymen shekarasyna orys qamaldaryn saldyrudan da tayqydy. Áytse de, diplomatiyalyq kelissózderin amaldap soza týsken Unkovskiy elshiligimen Jonghariyada qystaydy, sosyn, 1723 jyldyng nauryzynan qyrkýiekting ekinshi jartysyna deyin, qontayshymen birge Ile alqabynda jәne Ystyqkólge shyghysynan qúyatyn tau ózenderi angharynda kóship-qonyp jýredi. Ol Úly Petrding tapsyrmasyn oryndaugha janyn saldy. Qontayshyny Resey proteksiyasyna kóshuge ýgittedi. Onyng iyelikterinde orys garnizony túratyn qamaldar salugha kelisimin alugha tyrysty. Múnday qadamnyng Jonghariyany Qytaydan senimdi qorghau ýshin paydaly bolmaghyn dәleldedi. Alayda Sevan Rabdan ózining qytaylarmen jәne qazaqtarmen soghysuyna qajet әskery qaru-jaraqty orys patshasynan alugha keliskenimen, orys әskerining qanday da týrmen bolsyn eli ishine kiruine jol berudi oiyna da almaytyn. Óitkeni sol uaqytqa deyingi Reseymen tatulyq onayshylyqpen kelmegen edi (orystardyng Ertis alqaby men Altaydy mysyqtabandap, «aqyryn basyp otarlauy» saldarynan jonghar memleketi óz aumaghynyng besten birinen airylghan). Sol ahualgha kóngendikten ghana olarmen beybit qatar ómir sýru mýmkin bolyp túrdy. Unkovskiy jýrgizgen kelissóz kezinde qontayshy dauly shekara men alym-salyq jayyn qozghaghan. Ázirge óz soghys óndirisi zenbirek qúndy jolgha qoyyp ýlgermegendikten, osynau qaharly qarudy orys patshalyghynan aludy maqsat etken. Sevan Rabdannyng búl pighylyna septese túra, Unkovskiy missiyasy negizgi maqsatyna qol jetkize almady. Aqyry, kelgen baghytymen keri qaytty. Jonghar әskerining qazaq eline 1723 jylghy erte kóktemde, aqpan aiynda jasaghan joyqyn shabuyly jәne onyng kýsh-quaty men joryghynyng jenisti nәtiyjeleri jayyndaghy naqty derekterdi Reseyge ala keldi...
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