Júma, 22 Qarasha 2024
Bilgenge marjan 3569 2 pikir 16 Tamyz, 2023 saghat 13:41

Ámir Temir men Bayazid súltannyng maydany

Ámir Temir búrynghy Horezm imperiyasynyng jәne Mәuerennahr aumaghyn tolyqtay jaulap alghan son, orta aziyalyq qala Samarqandty ózining reziydensiyasyna ainaldyrdy. Kóshpeli halyq imperiyasy ýshin Samarqand Ýndistan әri Mysyrgha, basqa da músylman memleketterine baratyn Jibek jolynyng dәl tósine ornalasqan bolatyn.

Sonday-aq, Osman týrikteri de Vizantiyalyq Konstantinopolidi jaulap alyp, óz imperiyasynyng basqaru punktine ainaldyryp, artynan ony Stambúl dep atady. Osy arada kishkene sheginis jasap, endi Temirlan turaly aita ket­sek deymiz.

Sonymen, Ámir Temir 1336 jy­ly (Tyshqan jyly) toghyzynshy sәuir­­de Shahrisabz qystaghynda tu­­ghan bolatyn. Ákesi Taraghay (nemese Targhyn) Barlas ruynyng azamaty. Aghylshyn zertteushisi, Hilda Hukhemning ghylymy enbeginde «Tamerlan poveliyteli turkov», Nayman taypasynyng qúramyndaghy ru dep kórsetilgen. Týrki - qyp­shaq­tar (Shynghys han qaghanaty) Mәuerennahrdy jaulap alghanda, Shagha­tay­men birge kelgen Naymannyng kópshilik bóligi osy aragha qonys tepken edi. Sol zamannyng ataqty jylnama­shysy әri tarihshysy, ispan elshisi Klavihonyng jazghandaryna kónil bóleyik. Dәlme-dәl maghyna bersin dep, audarmay orysshasyn berdik.

«…Klaviho piyshet: Timur unas­ledoval organizasii armiy ot Chingiza, predusmatrivavshui ee razdeleniye. Eto iyerarhicheskaya sistema razdelyala kajdyy domen na voennye soediyneniya, sootvet­s­tven­no chislu ludey v sborah. Tiy­mur y ego dom svyato otnosilisi k zakonom Chingiza. V ih otryadah, ih dvorah, ih prazdnestvah, ih deys­t­viyah ony nikogda ne deyst­vovaly protiv institutov Chingiza».

Ámir Temir ózining ýzengiles dosy Qyranshy batyrdan: «Býkil Samarqandty, Búharany, Hiua men Ýrgenishti, Mәuerennahrdy baghyndyrdyq, endi búlardyng túrghyndaryn әskerge dayynday­myz ba, ne isteymiz?» – dep súra­ghany bar. Sonda Qyranshy batyr: «Búlar at ýstinde otyryp jaugha shaba almaydy. Taqymdary әlsiz. Esek ýstinde otyryp jýk tartpasa. Búlardyng ústalaryn jinap alyp, qaru-jaraq, jebe jasatqanymyz әldeqayda ondy bolar. At ýstinde oinap ósken ózinizding sarbazdarynyz, әskerinizding negizgi kýshi emes pe? Myna esek mingen sart­tar­dy qossanyz, әskerding jauyn­gerlik qabiletin әlsiretip aluynyz mýmkin», – degeni bar.

Sony es­ke­rip, ÁmirTemir osy ólkening ús­ta­la­ryn jinap alyp, arba-arba jebe jasatyp otyrdy. Sonday-aq, ústalardy ýnemi joryqqa da birge alyp jýrdi.

Europalyq hristiandardy ashsa alaqanynda, júmsa júdyry­ghynda ústap kelgen nayzaghayday jyldam Bayazid súltan, Kishi Aziyagha Tiy­mur­dy jibergisi kelmedi. Al Ámir Temirding maqsaty – Kishi Aziyany jaulap alyp, sodan keyin Ýndis­tan­dy, Mysyrgha deyingi el-júrt­ty jәne Mysyrdy basyp alyp, sóitip, býkil Aziya qúrlyghyn ózining iyeligine  alu  bolatyn.

«Barlastyng Sayypqyrany» (Hilida Hukhem) búl kezenge deyin býkil Ortalyq Aziya elderin biriktirip, Kavkaz ben Qyrymdy jau­lap aldy.

1402 jyly shilde aiynyng jiyr­ma segizi kýni Ankara týbinde sol zamannyng asa zor soghysy bastaldy.

Jalpy, Osman týrikteri әskerining ýshten ekisi Deshti Qyp­shaq jerining Jalayyrlary bolatyn. Kezinde jayau әskerleri kóp elderge shama­sy kelmey jenilip qala bergen son, týrikter kóshpeli qypshaqtar­dyng handary men taypa basshyla­ry­na elshilerin jiberip, altyn men kýmisti ayamay tógip, olardyng atty әskerlerin jalgha alghan bola­tyn. Sóitip, osy Jalayyrlar Osman týrikterining imperiya boluyna jol ashyp berdi. Qypshaqtyng atty sarbazdarynyng kýshimen Europa­nyng jәne Aziyanyng kópshilik bóligin jaulap aldy. Týrik yanycharlary tek artta jýrip, demeushi soghysker­ler­ding rólin atqardy.

Osman týrikteri men Ámir Te­mir әskerleri Ankara týbinde soghysugha qarsy túrghan kezde jana­ghy Jalayyrlar óz qandastaryna qol kóteruge dәti jetpey, Ámir Temirding jaghyna shyghyp ketti.

Ony ispandyq Klaviha bylay dep jazady: «Kogda ony sbliziy­liy­si drug s drugom dlya bitvy, pervoe neschastie, kotoroe obru­shilosi na Bayazida, bylo to, chto kochevoe ple­mya Jalayyry, vse pogolovno predaly ego, a tak kak ony sos­tavlyaly glavnuy chasti ego voysk, to ego armiya byla silino osla­b­lena».

Amaly qalmaghan Bayazid qo­ly­na qylyshy men aibaltasyn alyp, so­ghys­qa ózi aralasty. Biraq, kóshpeli qyp­shaq­tyng bolattay myqty sarbazdary qoysyn ba, jarty kýnge jetpey, Týrik yanycharlarynyng tas-talqanyn shyghardy.

«Istrebiyteli hristianskogo Zapada byl razgromlen orlom Barlasov» (Hilida Hukhem).

Súltan Bayazid pen onyng jaqtastary­nyng kóbi qolgha týsti. Áyeldikke alghanyna birneshe ay ghana bolghan serb qyzy Oliyver men últy týrik jas toqaly Patma ekeui Ámir Te­mir­­ding qolyna ótip, joryqta jýr­gen imperatordyng sýiiktisine ai­naldy.

Onbay jenilgen Úly Týrik qaghanatynyng kóteriluine jarty ghasyrdan asa uaqyt ketti. Osman imperiyasyn bir joryghynda ghana oiranyn shygharyp, qúrdymgha ketirse, Altyn Orda imperiyasyn ýsh ret soqqy berip, әreng әlsiretti. Biraq, ydyrata almady. Altyn Orda Toqtamys pen Edigening jәne Mamaydyng taqqa talasuynan jeke handyqtargha bólinip ketti.

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