Býginde halyqtyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyghy manyzdy dýniye. Árbir azamat zang men qúqyqtaryn bilui kerek. Qazirgi tanda qúzyrly organdar tarapynan qúqyqtyq sauattylyqty arttyrugha arnalghan baghdarlamalar men is-sharalar jii ótude.

Osy orayda, biz Týrkistan oblysy Ádilet departamenti bastyghynyng orynbasary Beysen Smayylúlymen súhbattasyp, qúqyqtyq sauattylyq degenimiz ne? Qúqyqtyq sauattylyqty arttyru ýshin ne isteuimiz kerek degen saualdargha jauap izdedik.

– Beysen Smayylúly eng aldymen qúqyqtyq sauattylyq degenimiz ne? Azamattarymyzgha  eng aldymen osy úghymdy terenirek aityp berseniz.

– Halyqtyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyghy – búl әrbir azamattyng ózining zandy qúqyqtary men mindetterin bilui, sonday-aq óz mýddelerin әrtýrli dengeyde jәne barlyq mәseleler boyynsha óz betinshe qorghay aluy jәne memlekettik basqarugha belsendi qatysu mýmkindigi. Memlekettegi әrbir adamnyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyghy men qoghamnyng kýshtiligi arasyndaghy baylanys tereng jәne jan-jaqty. Ádil, túraqty jәne funksionaldy qoghamdyq tәrtipti qúrugha qúqyqtyq habardar azamattar óz ýlesin qosuda

Birinshiden, zandardy saqtau jәne qúqyqtar men bostandyqtardy qorghau. Qúqyqtyq sauattylyq azamattargha zandardy týsinuge jәne saqtaugha kómektesedi, búl qylmys pen qúqyq búzushylyqty azaytady. Adamdar óz qúqyqtaryn biletin bolsa, olar qiyanat pen әdiletsizdikten jaqsy qorghalady jәne olardy qorghaugha qabiletti bolady. Osy jerde men zandy bilmeu sizdi jauapkershilikten bosatpaytyn manyzdy qúqyqtyq qaghidalardyng birin eske salghym keledi.

Ekinshiden, memlekettik basqarugha qatysu, onyng ishinde ekonomikalyq jәne qúqyqtyq reformalar, halyqaralyq qatynastar jәne memlekettik organdardyng ashyqtyghy men eseptiligin qamtamasyz etu. Sauatty azamattar sayasy ýderisterge, sonyng ishinde saylaular men qoghamdyq tyndaulargha belsendi týrde qatysady, búl demokratiyany nyghaytady. Qúqyqtyq sauatty azamattar ekonomikalyq ósim men damugha yqpal etetin ekonomikalyq qyzmetke tabystyraq qatysa alady.

Qúqyqtyq sauattylyq azamattargha reformalardyng qajettiligi men qúndylyghyn týsinuge mýmkindik beredi, búl zannama men qúqyq qoldanu tәjiriybesin ýzdiksiz jetildiruge yqpal etedi. Eng bastysy, habardar azamattar memlekettik organdardyng is-әreketterin jaqsyraq baqylap, ashyqtyq pen esep berudi talap etedi, búl sybaylas jemqorlyqty azaytady jәne memlekettik instituttargha degen senimdi arttyrady.

Ýshinshiden, búl – qoghamdyq túraqtylyq pen qúqyqtyq tәrbiye. Qúqyqtyq sauattylyq janjaldardyng aldyn alugha kómektesedi jәne daulardy beybit jolmen sheshuge yqpal etedi, әleumettik túraqtylyqty arttyrady.

– Aytynyzshy, qúqyqtyq sauattylyqty arttyru ýshin ne isteuimiz kerek?

– Qúqyqtyq bilimi bar ata-ana úrpaqtaryna bilim nәrimen susyndap, bolashaq úrpaqty sanaly azamat etip ósiredi. Osylaysha, qúqyqtyq sauattylyq kýshti,  qogham men memleket qúruda ortaq ról atqarady.

Memleket ýshin búl qylmys dengeyining ósui, zandardy jetkiliksiz týsinu olardyng әdeyi emes búzyluyna әkelui mýmkin, búl jalpy qylmys dengeyin arttyrady. Qúqyqtyq mәselelerdi bilmeu sybaylas jemqorlyqtyng taraluyn arttyruy mýmkin, óitkeni azamattar óz qúqyqtaryn jәne teris әrekettermen kýresu joldaryn az biledi. Sonday-aq zandardy qoldanu tiyimdiligining tómendigin jәne sot jýiesine, jalpy memlekettik instituttargha senimning tómendeuin atap ótuge bolady. Árbir azamat ýshin búl enbek qatynastary salasyndaghy, tútynushy, kәsipker retinde ózining qúqyqtaryn qorghaudaghy, qajetti aqparatqa qol jetkizudegi jәne t.b. týrli kýndelikti mәselelermen baylanysty jeke kemshilik. Jalpy, qúqyqtyq sauattylyqtyng tómendigi azamattardyng óz qúqyqtary men mýddelerin tiyimdi qorghay almauyna jii әkeledi. Jalpy qazaqstandyqtardyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyq dengeyine keletin bolsaq, qazirgi uaqytta shamamen aqparat alu ýshin osy taqyrypqa qatysty zertteulerge, saualnamalargha nemese statistikalyq derekterge sýienu qajet ekenin atap ótemin.

Jalpy, qúqyqtyq sauattylyq qay elde túratynyna qaramastan, әrbir azamat ýshin manyzdy daghdy ekenin taghy da atap ótkim keledi. Búl әrkim zanger boluy kerek degendi bildirmeydi, biraq zandar, qúqyqtar men mindetter turaly qarapayym týsinik adamdargha kýndelikti ómirde ýlken kómegin tiygizedi.

Talap etiletin qúqyqtyq sauattylyq dengeyi adamnyng jeke jaghdayyna, kәsibi men mýddelerine baylanysty ózgerui mýmkin, biraq әrbir adam elding qúqyqtyq ómirine dúrys qatysa aluy ýshin negizgi týsinik barlyghyna ortaq boluy kerek.

Birinshisi, әriyne, azamattardyng negizgi qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn, memlekettik biylikting qúrylymy men zandylyq qaghidattaryn aiqyndaytyn Konstitusiyany bilu. Búl azamattarymyz ýshin óte manyzdy.

Ekinshisi – azamattyq qúqyq, ol jeke jәne mýliktik qatynastardy retteytin normalardy qamtidy (mysaly, otbasy qúqyghy, múragerlik qúqyq, kelisim-shart qúqyghy).

Ýshinshisi – enbek zannamasy. Enbek zannamasyn bilu júmystaghy, enbek jaghdaylaryn talqylau kezinde, demalys jәne júmystan bosatu kezindegi qúqyqtarynyz ben mindetterinizdi týsinu ýshin qajet.

Tórtinshi – qylmystyq jәne әkimshilik zannama. Osy salalardy týsinu azamattargha qanday әreketter qylmys bolyp tabylatynyn jәne olar ýshin qanday jazalar qarastyrylghanyn anyqtaugha kómektesedi, búzushylyqtardy boldyrmaugha jәne aiyptalsa, óz qúqyqtaryn týsinuge kómektesedi.

Ol sonday-aq azamattargha azamattar men memlekettik organdar arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastardy, sonyng ishinde lauazymdy túlghalardyng әreketterine shaghymdanu, aiyppúldar, salyqtar jәne liysenziyalau mәselelerin sheshuge mýmkindik beredi.

Besinshiden, tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau turaly zandar. Tauarlar men qyzmetterdi satyp alu kezinde óz qúqyqtarynyzdy, sonday-aq satushylarmen nemese óndirushilermen qayshylyqtar tuyndaghan jaghdayda olardy qorghau mýmkindikterin bilu manyzdy.

Altynshydan әrtýrli minez-qúlyq erejeleri, mysaly, Jol qozghalysy erejeleri jәne t.b.

– Qúqyqtyq sauattylyq týsinigin, onyng maqsattary men saldaryn, sonday-aq qúqyqtyq bilim qajet salalaryn anyqtay otyryp, kelesi súraq tuyndaydy әr adam  qúqyqtyq sauattylyghyn qalay arttyrugha bolady?

– Eng aldymen әrbir azamat  – qyzyghushylyq tanytatyn saladaghy qúqyq boyynsha bilim beru kurstary, vebinarlar, seminarlargha qatysuy kerek. Internette oqu beynelerin kóruge, zanger blogtaryn oqugha jәne onlayn forumdargha qatysugha bolady. Ekinshiden, zannama men qúqyqtyq әdebiyetterdi oqu. Kóptegen memlekettik veb-sayttar qoldanystaghy zandargha jәne olargha týsiniktemelerge qol jetkizuge mýmkindik beredi.

Jaghday turaly naqty súraghynyz bolsa, zangerding kenesine jazyla alasyz. Belgili bir qúqyqtyq mәsele turaly biluding eng jaqsy joly - praktikalyq kenes bere alatyn mamandarmen tikeley sóilesu, dep kenes berer edim.

Sonymen birge, memleket kelesi baghyttar boyynsha halyqtyng qúqyqtyq jәne sot sauattylyghyn arttyru ýshin birqatar sharalardy qabylday alady:

*Bilim beru baghdarlamasyna qúqyqtyq sauattylyq kurstaryn engizu. Oqudy bastauysh mektepten bastap, orta jәne joghary synyptarda jalghastyru úsynylady.

*Bilim beru nauqandaryn úiymdastyru – zandar men qúqyqtar turaly habardarlyqty arttyrugha baghyttalghan aqparattyq baghdarlamalardy taratu ýshin teledidardy, radiony jәne internetti paydalanu.

*Zannamagha, maqalalargha, núsqaulyqtargha jәne basqa resurstargha qoljetimdilikti qamtamasyz etetin internet-aqparattyq resurstardy – veb-sayttar men qosymshalardy qúru jәne qoldau.

*Aghymdaghy qúqyqtyq mәselelerdi talqylau ýshin jetekshi zangerler men sarapshylardyng ashyq dәristerin jәne seminarlaryn ótkizu.

*Qoghamnyng barlyq toptarynyng óz qúqyqtary men mindetteri turaly bilimge qol jetkizuin qamtamasyz etu ýshin osal toptar ýshin arnayy oqytu baghdarlamalaryn әzirleu.

*Azamattar tegin zangerlik kenes pen praktikalyq kómek ala alatyn zang klinikalary men konsulitasiya ortalyqtaryn qoldau.

Búl sharalar azamattar ómirining әrtýrli aspektilerin eskeretin jәne úzaq merzimdi әser etudi kózdeytin keshendi baghdarlamanyng bir bóligi boluy kerek. Qazaqstanda nemese kez kelgen basqa elde qúqyqtyq sauattylyqty aitarlyqtay arttyru ýshin naqty uaqytty anyqtau qiyn, óitkeni búl jogharyda atalghan sharalardy memleketting de, azamattardyng ózderi de jýzege asyruyna baylanysty.

– Maman retinde aitynyzshy elimizde qúqyqtyq sauattylyqty arttyrugha arnalghan qanday da bir baghdarlamalar bar ma? Ózge elderding tәjiriybesin zerttep kórdinizder me?

– Kóptegen elderding tarihynda bir úrpaqtyng ishinde (20-30 jyl) baghyttalghan kýsh-jigerding arqasynda aitarlyqtay jaqsartulargha qol jetkizilgen mysaldar bar. Degenmen, auqymdy әri tiyimdi baghdarlamalar engizilse, alghashqy nәtiyje әldeqayda erterek, birneshe jyldyng ishinde payda boluy mýmkin deydi Parlamentarizm institutynyng ókili.

Qazaqstannyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyq dengeyin arttyrugha qajetti uaqytty baghalau ýshin spiykerding aituynsha, qúqyqtyq bilim beruding qazirgi jaghdayyna, bastamalar men baghdarlamalardyng qoljetimdiligine, sonday-aq kóptegen basqa ainymalylar men kórsetkishterge taldau jasau qajet bolady.

Zangerler, sudiyalar, zang professorlary jәne basqa da sarapshylar arasynda saualnama jýrgizu, sonday-aq olardyng kәsiby tәjiriybesi, qúqyqtyq mәselelermen betpe-bet kelgen azamattardyng jaghdayyn taldau jәne olardyng qúqyqtaryn tiyimdi qorghau mýmkindikterin taldau negizinde qúqyqtyq sauattylyqtyng jalpy dengeyin baghalau ýshin jýrgizilui mýmkin.

Múnday baghalaudy jýrgizu kóbinese oqu oryndarymen, memlekettik organdarmen, ýkimettik emes úiymdarmen jәne ghylymy ortalyqtarmen birlesip júmys isteudi talap etedi. Ókinishke oray, Qazaqstanda halyqty qúqyqtyq oqytu belsendi jýrgizilmeydi, halyqtyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyghyn arttyrugha baghyttalghan baghdarlamalyq qújattar joq. Halyqtyng qúqyqtyq sauattylyghyn arttyru júmystaryna kómektesu maqsatynda Anyqtamalyq (100 әleumettik manyzy bar mәsele jәne olardy retteytin normativtik qúqyqtyq aktiler) jәne Sózdik (әleumettik salada jii qoldanylatyn 800 terminder men anyqtamalar) әzirlengen  bolatyn. Osy júmystardyng arqasynda әrbir azamat qúqyóqtyq sauattylyq mәselesin arttyru joldarymen tanysa alady.

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