ShOQAN - 190

«Dýniyede әdildik pen adaldyqty
tu etken adamnan artyq eshkim joq», -
Shoqan Uәlihanov.

I. Kirispe

2025 jyly úly ghalym, aghartushy, gumanist Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng tughanyna 190 jyl tolady.

Osy datagha oray óskeleng úrpaq bile jýrsin degen izgi niyetpen Shoqangha qatysty kezekti maqalamyzdy jariyalaugha bel budyq. Ózimiz Shoqan jerlengen Altynemel ónirinde, Shoqan auylynda er jetip, jastayymyzdan Shoqan, Tezek tóre jәne Aysara turaly kóptegen әngime-anyzdardy estip óstik. Mektep qabyrghasynan bastap shamamyz kelgenshe Shoqantanu isimen ainalysyp kelemiz.

Biz estigen әngimelerde Aysara apamyz Abylaydyng Jetisudy basqarugha jibergen úly Ádil hannyng úrpaghy, Tezek tórening tuysy әri aghasy bolyp keletin Kóshen tórenin qyzy dep aitylady. Biraq, Aysara apamyz jastayynan Tezek tórening qolynda ósken, úzyn boyly, ashang jýzdi, aqyldy, minezi salmaqty qyz bolghan eken.

Jazushy Sәuirbek Baqbergenov «Aq boz atty aru» romanynda Aysarany «Ashan, sýikimdi. Kóp sózi joq. Búl qyz úyang emes, ústamdy. Súlu emes, tartymdy» dep sipattay otyryp, «al qyzyl, dóngelekteu kelgen shyrayly jýzi búrynghydan beter qyzaryp ketti. Shoqan onyng úyan, sýikimdi ónine kóz qiyghymen úrlana qarady» dep jazghan (Baqbergenov S. Aq boz atty aru. Roman – Almaty: Jazushy, 2016. – 304 bet. 100, 252 - better).

Aysara shamamen 1844 - 1912 jyldary ómir sýrgen.

Shoqan Aysarany alghash ret 1856 jyly Ystyqqkólge bara jatqan saparynda Tezek tórening auylynda kórgen shyghar, ol kezde Aysara 12-13 jasta bolsa kerek degen oidamyz.

HIH ghasyrda Altynemel ónirinde ómir sýrgen Kóshen tóre aqjarqyn minezimen elge jayly, syily adam bolghan. Ol kóshpendi qazaqty eginshilikke baulyp, alghashqy ónerkәsip ornyn, naqty aitsaq diyirmen saldyrghan, osy uaqytqa deyin zerttelmegen, әli tolyq anyqtalmaghan tarihy túlghalardyng biri. El auzynda, qyzy Súlushashtyng әkesin joqtaghandaghy jyrynda Nauryzbaymen kezdesip, Kenesarygha zattay kóptegen kómekter bergeni aitylady.

Qazirgi uaqytqa deyin Jetisu oblysy, Kerbúlaq audany, Shanhanay auyldyq okrugine qarasty jerlerde «Kóshen toghan» (Shoqan jerlengen jer), «Kóshen aryqtary» (suaru jýiesi – 1898 jyly etnograf-ghalym N.N. Pantusov kelip kórip, suretke týsirip, ataqty «Mogila Chokana Valihanova» atty enbeginde jazyp ketken ), «Kóshenning alma baghy», «Kóshen bastauy», «Kóshenning diyirmeni» atty jer-su ataulary saqtalghan.

II. Negizgi bólim

Tarihy derekterde Shoqan Uәlihanov 1864 jyldyng kókteminde general M.G. Chernyaevtyng Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Tashkent, Orta Aziyany jaulap, Reseyge qosyp alugha attanghan armiyasy qataryna qosyldy dep jazylghan. Oghan jergilikti halyqpen kelissózder jýrgizip, qantógisting aldyn alu mindeti jýkteldi. Biraq, ataqqúmar, qanypezer Chernyaev óz bilgenin istep, Pishpek, Áulieata siyaqty bekinisterdi myltyq, zenbirekting kýshimen, qoqan әskerlerimen qatar jergilikti beybit túrghyndardy da qangha bóktire otyryp, jantýrshigerlik qatyghezdik kórsetti. Onyng shekten shyqqan ozbyrlyghyna qarsylyq kórsetken Shoqan ózin qoldaghan bir top ofiyserlermen birge 1864 jylghy 8 shildede Vernyy qalasyna ketip qalady (Marghúlan  Á.H.  Shygharmalary. Qúrast. D.Á. Marghúlan, D.A. Marghúlan – Almaty: «Almaty-Bolashaq» baspasy, 2011. – T.10 – 592 b. 481-bet).

Shoqan Vernyida úzaq túraqtamay, odan әri Altynemel ónirindegi Tezek tórening auylyna attanady.  

Tezek tóre Shoqandy janynday jaqsy kórgen, qolynan kelgen bar kómegin ayamaghan. Shoqannyng kelgenine qatty quanghan Tezek tóre Shoqannyng tynyghyp, demaluyna barlyq jaghday jasaydy.  Kóp úzatpay Tezek tóre Shoqandy ózining qolynda ósken, jasy jiyrmagha kelip qalghan qaryndasy Aysaragha ýilendiredi. Úlan-asyr toy jasap, jastargha bólek otau tikkizip, kýzetshi-kýtushilerine deyin saylap beredi. Osy jerde Shoqannyng 1864 jyly salghan «Agha súltan» suretindegi adam Tezek Tóre ekendigin bizder dәleldep otyrghanymyzdy aita ketuimizge bolady.

Átten, Úly ghalymnyng ghúmyry qysqa edi. 1865 jyldyng kókek aiynyng basynda Shoqan qaytys bolady. Dýniyeden qaytardan biraz búryn ol general Kolpakovskiyge jәne әkesine hat joldaydy. «Qajydym, kýshim bitti, - deydi, qan-sólim ketip, qúr sýiegim qaldy, keshikpey jaryq dýniyeden ketermin. Mening ayauly tuystarym men dostarymmen kórisudi taghdyr jazbay túr, búghan eshqanday amal joq. Búl mening songhy hatym. Qosh bolynyzdar, barshanyzdy qúshaghyma aldym. Jetisugha kelip, sorly Aysarany elge alyp qaytynyz, ony qarausyz qaldyrmanyz» (Marghúlan  Á.H.  Shygharmalary. Qúrast. D.Á. Marghúlan, D.A. Marghúlan – Almaty: «Almaty-Bolashaq» baspasy, 2011. – T.10 – 592 b. 74, 75-better).

Shoqannyng osy aqyrghy tilegin oryndau ýshin әkesi Shynghys                     1865 jyldyng jazynda Kókshetaudan Altynemelge keruen jiberedi. Keruendi Shoqannyng inisi Jaqyp bastaydy. Ol ózi Á. Marghúlan enbegindegi tuystarynyng esteliginde aitylghanday, «Shoqanday emes, ausarlau kisi bolghan kórinedi. Kezinde kadet korpusynda oqy almay shyghyp ketken»... Mine, sol Jaqyp Jetisugha 25 kisimen kelgen. Olardyng ishinde Saduaqas, Imantay Sәtbayúly, Múqan Joltabarúly siyaqty elge syily azamattar bolghan desedi.

Olar Shoqannyng basyna uaqytsha kýmbez túrghyzady da Shoqannyng jesiri Aysarany alyp, Kókshetaugha qaytyp ketedi. Eline kelgennen keyin Jaqyp әkesi Shynghystyng úigharymymen, әmengerlik zanyna sәikes Aysaramen nekelesedi. Aysaranyng aldynda Jaqyptyng Túrlybekqyzy Manu jәne Ósip qyzy Ghakiya-Kerey degen eki әieli bolghan. Jaqyp pen Aysaradan ýsh bala – Mariyam, Mәlik, Rabigha dýniyege keledi (Marghúlan  Á.H.  Shygharmalary. Qúrast. D.Á. Marghúlan, D.A. Marghúlan – Almaty: «Almaty-Bolashaq» baspasy, 2011. – T.10 – 592 b.     192 - bet).

Jaqyp Aysaramen údayy birge túrmay, anda-sanda ghana baryp túrghany turaly da estelikterde aitylghan. Al, Shoqannyng әkesi Shynghys Aysaragha arnap ózining ýiine jalghastyryp, taghy bir ýy salghyzady. Aysarany Shynghys Shoqannyng kózindey sanaytyn edi, óte jaqsy kórdi, qolynan kelgenshe qamqorlyq kórsetti. «Qarashyghym, Shoqanymnyng sýigen әieli» dep, ayalap otyrghan. Aysara Shoqannyng jaghyna, iyegine saqal ósip, mýsini әdemi saqtalghan foto beynesin óle-ólgenshe qoynyna tyghyp, saqtap jýrgen. Aysaranyng bar múqtajy Shynghystyng moynynda boldy, 80 jasyna deyin Jaqyp pen Aysaranyng balalaryn, onyng ishinde tughan, sheshesinen ainymaytyn Rabigha degen qyzdy ózi oqytyp, әrip tanytqan.

Kókshetau júrtshylyghynyng aituynsha Aysara úzyn boyly, súnghaq, sabyrly, salmaqty adam bolghan eken. Bir qyzyghy, Jetisu ónirinde ol kisining aty Aysara dep aitylady, al Kókshetau jaqta Aysary dep ataydy. 

Akademik Á.Maghúlan 1958 jyly Syrymbet auylyna baryp, Shoqannyng tughan-tuystarynan estelik jinaghany mәlim. Nәtiyjesinde «Shoqan turaly onyng úrpaqtarynyng jarqyn esteligi» atty enbek jazdy. Osy estelikte mynaday jazular bar: «Shynghys qartayghan kezinde әdemi saqaly bar, kózildirik kiyip otyratyn, shógip qalghan qariya edi. Jaqsy kórgeni Shoqannyng әieli Aysary. Aysary arshynday sóileytin ashyq kisi edi, sary beyneleu. Rabigha siyaqty úzyn, súnghaq, ashang kisi edi» (Marghúlan  Á.H.  Shygharmalary. Qúrast. D.Á. Marghúlan, D.A. Marghúlan – Almaty: «Almaty-Bolashaq» baspasy, 2011. – T.10 – 592 b. 179, 180-better).

Búl derekterdi Shoqandy óte jaqsy bilgen dostarynyng biri, ghalym-etnograf, Resey armiyasynyng general-leytenanty ataghyna deyin qol jetkizgen Aleksandr Konstantinovich Geyns (1834-1892) aishyqtay týsedi. Ol әriptesi Gutkovskiy ekeui 1865 jyldyng qarasha aiynda Tezek tórening auylyna barady. A.K. Geyns búl sapary turaly ózining kýndeliginde tómendegidey jazba qaldyrghan:

«31 qazan. Býgin tanerteng bizge alban ruynyng súltany Tezek keldi. Ol Úly jýzdegi eng yqpaldy adam. Ýstine polkovnikting mundiyrin kiygen. Tezekting boyy onsha úzyn emes. Ótkir kózderimen býkil bólmeni sholyp shyqty. Jyldam әri bayypty sóileydi. Biz Tezekti asqa shaqyrdyq.

1 qarasha. Tanerteng Tezektin  auylyna qaray shyqtyq. Biz ýshin Súltannyng ordasyna jaqyndau jerge erekshe ýy tigildi. Birazdan keyin Tezek keldi. Kiyiz ýide bizdi Tezekting ýlken әieli (onyng tórt әieli bar) qarsy aldy, onyng qasynda óni ajarly, biraq egdelene bastaghan qyzy jәne sary týsti qytay halatyn kiygen kishkentay bala otyr eken. Olarmen biraz iltipat almasqan son, Tezekting qaryndasynyn, Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng jesirining ýiine bardyq. Biz oghan kýieuining ómirden erte ketkenine shyn jýregimizden ókinip, kónil aittyq, onyng ózi men aqyly, mәlimetterimen bizge kóp paydasy tiygendigin eske aldyq. Jesir әiel qatty qayghyryp otyr, biraq kýirep, jylamsyrap otyrghan joq. Onyng jýzi óte meyirimdi edi.

Men Jaqyp Uәlihanov turaly aitudy úmytyp ketippin. Onyng múnda túrghanyna bir aiday bolghan eken. Onyng aghasy Uәlihanovtyng jesiri óz kýieuining otbasyna jazghan hatynda ózin Syrymbetke aldyrudy súraydy. Qaysaq dәstýri boyynsha, oghan qaynysy, yaghny Jaqyp ýilenui kerek. Osyghan kelgen Jaqyp biraz auyryp qalyp, jazylghansha osynda kýtip jatyr»...

Mine, qúrmetti oqyrman, Shoqannyng sýiikti jary bolghan Aysara apamyz turaly bizge jetken auyzsha jәne jazbasha derekter osynday. Endi múnyng bәrin yjdahatty týrde, yqylaspen jazu sebebin týsindire ketemiz.

2023 jylghy 26 qazanda Memleket basshysy Q.Toqaev Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng beyitine ziyarat etip, Shanhanay auylyndaghy «Altynemel» memorialdyq muzeyin aralap kórdi. Ondaghy jәdigerlerlerding azdyghyna kónil audaryp, aldaghy uaqytta olardyng qataryn tolyqtyra tusu turaly tapsyrma bergen bolatyn.

Preziydentimizding aitqan búl tapsyrma bizge ýlken oy saldy. Kýndiz-týni ghylymiy-izdestiru júmysy bastaldy. Nәtiyjesinde jogharyda atalghan derekter negizinde Aysara apamyzdyng portretin saldyru turaly sheshim qabyldadyq.

Ol ýshin aldymen Shoqan turaly azdy-kópti biletin suretshi tabu qajet boldy. Aqyn, jazushy, publisist Azamat Aqylbekov (psevdoniymi – Azken Altay)  onday adamdy tapty. Ol elimizge belgili suretshi Marat Tóteev, ózi 2023 jyly Shoqannyng «Altynemel» memorialdyq muzeyin restavrasiyalau júmysyna qatysqan. Biz Marat Tóteevti jinaqtalghan materialdarmen qamtamasyz etip, Aysaranyng suretin saluyn ótindik. Qazirgi Shoqan úrpaghy Kókshetaulyq Dulat Serghaliyúly bauyrymyzben aqyldasa otyryp, iske kiristik. Aysara men Jaqyptan tughan Rabigha esimdi apamyzdyng әbden qartayghan shaghynda týsirilgen jalghyz fotosureti saqtalghan eken, ony da M.Tóteevke ýlgi retinde paydalanu ýshin joldadyq.

Jaqyp pen Aysaradan tughan Rabigha apamyzdyng fotosureti. Suret Baghdat Aqylbekovtyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Eng qyzyghy, osy uaqytqa deyin elimizde Shoqantanu salasynda múnday isti eshkim atqarmaghan eken. sonymen Azamat Aqylbekov pen Marat
Tóteevting izdenisterining arqasynda tómendegi portret dýniyege keldi.

Shoqannyng jary Aysara Kóshen tóre qyzynyng portreti. Suret Baghdat Aqylbekovting múraghatynan alyndy.

III. Qorytyndy

Qazirgi uaqytta Aysara apamyzdyng búl portreti ghylymy saraptamadan ótude. Reti kelgende, Uәlihanovtar әuleti ókilderi Aysaranyng portretine ong bagha berip, qoldaularyn bildirgenin aita ketemiz. Atap aitsaq, jogharyda atalghan Mәlik Uәlihanovtan Qabdósh, odan Erbatyr, Serghaly degen balalary dýniyege kelgen eken, búl ekeuinen de úrpaqtar bar. Aysara apamyzdyng portretine pikir jazyp, qoldap jýrgen Serghalidyng úly Dulat degen azamat ekenin taghy qaytalay ketemiz. Dulat bauyrymyz Rabigha apany kózimen kórgen tuystaryna portretti kórsetip, úqsastyghyn tauyp, anyqtap otyr.

Búl óner tuyndysyna degen qyzyghushylyq arta týsude. Syrymbettegi Shoqan muzeyi de súrastyryp jatyr. Saraptamanyng ong sheshimi shyqqan kýnde, búiyrtsa portretti Shoqannyng «Altynemel» memorialdy muzeyine saltanatty týrde tapsyrudy josparlap otyrmyz.

Onday kýnge jetsek, Memleket basshysynyng jogharyda atalghan tapsyrmasy aitylghan jerde qalmay jýzege asyryla bastady dep esepteuge bolady. Dey túrghanmen, búl isti qúzyrly memlekettik organdar qolgha alghany jón. Sebebi Shoqan muzeyin jәdigerlermen tolyqtyru ýshin ghylymiy-izdestiru júmysy jýrgizilip, qajetti qarjy bólinui tiyis.

Shoqan tek qazaq halqynyng ghana emes, kýlli adamzattyng úly túlghasy, әlemdik ghylymnyng mәngi óshpes shamshyraghy. Úly ghalymnyng esimi men artynda qaldyrghan tendessiz múrasyn joghary dengeyde dәripteu, nasihattau arqyly onyng jatqan jerine jәne muzeyine kelushi turister sanyn kýrt arttyrugha bolady (qazirgi uaqytta jylyna 2 mynnan astam adam ghana keledi).

Ol ýshin Ýkimetke Shoqannyng obelisk eskertkishi týrghan «Kóshen toghan» degen jerde turisterge arnalghan keshen saludyng josparyn әzirleudi úsynamyz. Onda zamanauy sanitarlyq-gigiyenalyq torap, auyz sumen qamtamasyz etilgen demalys orny, alleya, trotuar, aqparattyq taqta siyaqty nysandar qúrylysy qarastyryluy qajet dep sanaymyz. Basqaru, úiymdastyru, ghylymiy-zertteu júmysyn jýrgizu ýshin respublikalyq menshiktegi sharuashylyq jýrgizu qúqyghyndaghy  memlekettik kommunaldyq kәsiporyn qúrudy úsynamyz.

Sóz sonynda aitarymyz, jogharyda aitylghan is-sharalar memlekettik dengeyde qoldau tauyp, jýzege asyrylsa turisterden týsetin qarjy kólemi de arta týsetini sózsiz. Olargha qyzmet kórsetu, tamaqtandyru, turistik zattar satu salasy jyldam damidy jәne jana júmys oryndary ashylady.

Suret: Baghdat Aqylbekovting múraghatynan alyndy.

Baghdat Baqtybayúly Aqylbekov

Jetisu oblysy, Kerbúlaq audanynyng tumasy, QR Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi, Tezek tóre jәne Shoqantanushy, ólketanushy, birqatar tarihiy-tanymdyq, ghylymiy-zertteu maqalalardyng avtory.

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