Qazaqstandaghy radioaktivti lastanu mәselesi negizinen yadrolyq synaqtar, uran óndiru, radiohimiyalyq óndirister jәne radioaktivti qaldyqtardy saqtau júmystarymen baylanysty. Búl qújatta eldegi negizgi lastanghan aimaqtar, naqty sandar, datalar men әdebiyetter negizinde berilgen mәlimetter jinaqtalyp úsynylady.

Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony (SYaSP)

Júmys istegen uaqyty: 1949–1989 jj.

Synaq sany: 456 yadrolyq synaq, onyng ishinde 116 – atmosferalyq, 340 – jerasty synaqtary.

Zardap shekken halyq sany: 1,5 millionnan astam adam (UNSCEAR, 2000).

Atom kóli (Shaghan kóli): 1965 jyly 140 kilotonna quatyndaghy jarylys nәtiyjesinde payda bolghan. Qazirgi kezde radiasiyalyq lastanuy normadan 100 esege deyin joghary (IAEA, 2009).

Koshkar-Ata kóli (Manghystau oblysy)

Lastanu kózi: 1960–1990 jyldaryna deyin himiyalyq jәne radioaktivti qaldyqtar tógilgen.

Qaldyq mólsheri: 356 million tonna, onyng ishinde 105 mln tonnasy – uran óndirisinen shyqqan.

Qauip: Kól qúrghap bara jatqandyqtan radioaktivti shang taralu qaupi bar (Kazatomprom, 2018).

Syrdariya ózeni men Týrkistan oblysyndaghy uran kenishteri

Ken oryndary: Zarechnoe, Horasan, Irkoli (júmys bastalghan jyldar: 2008–2009).

Radionuklid dengeyi: ózen suy auylsharuashylyq maqsatta qoldanugha jaramsyz dep tanylghan (ENNJR, 2016).

Stepnogorsk jәne Aqmola oblysy

Kәsiporyn: Stepnogorsk tau-ken himiya kombinaty.

Lastanu týri: radiy, toriy jәne uran qaldyqtary.

Radiasiyalyq kórsetkish: auadaghy gamma-sәule quaty – 2,87 mkZv/sagh (ECT Journal, 2022).

Saumalkól auyly (Soltýstik Qazaqstan)

Radiasiyalyq kórsetkishter: gamma-sәulelenu – 0,35–1,08 mkZv/sagh; radon – normadan 8 ese joghary.

Lastanu kózi: uran kenderin tasymaldau jәne saqtau (ENU dissertasiyalyq derekqor, 2020).

Aqtau qalasy men Manghystau uran óndirisi

Mәsele: jelmen taralatyn radionuklidter; toriy jәne urannyng shoghyrlanuy ósimdikterde anyqtalghan.

Kapustin Yar jәne Saryshaghan synaq poligondary

Kapustin Yar: Atyrau oblysyna jaqyn, Reseymen shekaralas aimaqta ornalasqan. 1950-jyldardan bastap zymyran synaqtary jýrgizilgen.

Saryshaghan: Balqash kólining manynda, kenestik zymyrangha qarsy synaqtar ýshin paydalanylghan. Radiasiyalyq monitoring qajet.

Qorytyndy:

Qazaqstanda radioaktivti lastanu negizinen tarihy yadrolyq synaqtar, uran óndiru jәne qaldyqtardy basqarudyng jetkiliksizdiginen tuyndaghan. El aumaghynda qazirgi tanda 800 mln tonnadan astam radioaktivti qaldyq saqtaluda (IAEA, 2020).

Úsynystar:

- Radiasiyalyq monitoringti túraqty jýrgizu;

- Lastanghan jerlerdi qalpyna keltiru;

- Qoghamgha radiasiyalyq qauip turaly aqparat jetkizu;

- Ghylymiy-zertteu júmystaryna qoldau kórsetu.

Órken Toqtarúly

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