Zannamalyq negiz jәne memlekettik reformalar

Qazaqstanda media salasy songhy jyldary týbegeyli ózgerister men reformalar kezenine qadam basty. Aqparattyq qauipsizdik, sifrlyq ortadaghy derek aghyny, feyk aqparatpen kýres siyaqty mәseleler qoghamdy alandata bastaghan shaqta, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryn damytugha baghyttalghan naqty sayasy sheshimder qabyldanuda. Búl reformalardyng týpki maqsaty – media salasynyng tiyimdiligi men sapasyn arttyra otyryp, ony demokratiyalyq qoghamdaghy jauapty institut dengeyine kóteru.

Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaev aqparat salasyndaghy sayasatty janghyrtu qajettigin birneshe ret atap ótti. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde 2024 jyly qabyldanghan «Mass-media turaly» zang salany jýieli reformalaugha negiz boldy. Zang alghash ret internet-resurstardy qamtityn «mass-media» úghymyn engizip, aqparat qúraldarynyng ayasyn keneytti. Jurnalisterge «erekshe mәrtebe» berilip, olardyng aqparat alu men taratu qúqyqtaryna qosymsha kepildikter bekitildi. Aqparat súratu merzimi 7 kýnnen 5 júmys kýnine qysqaryp, redaksiya júmysynyng tiyimdiligi artty.

2025 jyldan bastap memlekettik tildegi tele-radio ónimder ýlesin 55%-gha, 2027 jyldan 60%-gha jetkizu mindeti qoyyldy. Al sheteldik baghdarlamalar ýlesi 20%-dan 10%-gha deyin qysqartylatyn boldy. Sonymen qatar, qoghamdyq-kәsiptik kenester qúru, granttyq qarjylandyru men ózin-ózi retteu tetikteri engizilip, salanyng sapaly damuyna negiz qalandy. Osylaysha, Qazaqstan alghash ret mediany sifrlyq transformasiya jaghdayynda retteuge beyimdelgen zannamalyq negiz qalyptastyrdy.

Halyqaralyq ýrdister jәne media kenistiktegi transformasiya

Memleket basshysy tayauda jurnalistermen kezdesude mediadaghy janashyldyqtargha, jana ózgeristerge erekshe toqtalyp ótti.

«Jasandy intellektining keninen taraluy kez kelgen mamandyqqa, sonyng ishinde sizderding kәsipterinizge de mýldem jana talaptar qoyady. Kóptegen sarapshylar keleshekte adam enbegin algoritmder almastyratynyn aityp jýr. Alayda búl ózgerister jurnalistikanyng jana mýmkindikterin, shyn mәninde ekinshi tynysyn ashuy әbden mýmkin», – dedi Preziydent.

Býgingi media naryghy – tek ishki retteumen shektelmeytin, jahandyq trendter men tehnologiyalarmen bite qaynasqan auqymdy kenistik. Álemdik mediasalada songhy onjyldyqta oryn alghan basty betbúrys – jurnalistikanyng sifrlanuy men aqparat óndirushilerding kәsiby statusynyng әlsireui. Áleumettik jeliler men jeke blog platformalar arqyly kez kelgen adam «kontent jasaushygha» ainaldy. Búl – bir jaghynan, pikir pluralizmi men aqparat qoljetimdiligin arttyrsa, ekinshi jaghynan, feyk janalyqtardyn, manipulyativti kontentting taraluyna keng jol ashty.

Halyqaralyq tәjiriybede jurnalistikanyng qazirgi baghyty derekter jurnalistikasy (data journalism), mulitiymedialyq formattar, podkasting pen storiytelling, jasandy intellektti qoldanu siyaqty jana formalarmen sipattalady. Mәselen, BBC, The New York Times nemese Al Jazeera siyaqty alpauyt media úiymdar AI qúraldaryn janalyqtar jinau, taldau, mәtin generasiyasy maqsatynda qoldanuda. 2023 jylghy Reuters Institute bayandamasyna sәikes, әlemdegi jetekshi medialardyng 60%-y kontent óndirisinde jasandy intellekt elementterin túraqty paydalanady.

Damyghan elderding tәjiriybesi media salasyn túraqtandyru ýshin memlekettik retteu men kәsiby ózin-ózi retteuding tiyimdi tepe-tendigin tabugha tyrysyp otyrghanyn kórsetedi. Germaniyada 2021 jyldan beri Digital Services Act ayasynda jalghan aqparat taratqan әleumettik jelilerge aiyppúl salu tәjiriybesi engizilgen. Skandinaviya elderinde jurnalistik ózin-ózi retteu jýieleri arqyly redaksiyalyq etika men faktcheking joghary dengeyde jolgha qoyylghan.

Qazaqstan ýshin de búl tәjiriybe manyzdy. Óitkeni feyk aqparatpen kýres bir ghana memlekettik sharalarmen sheshilmeydi. Internews-ting 2023 jylghy zertteuine sәikes, Qazaqstanda әleumettik jelilerding basymdylyghy bayqalsa da, mediasauattylyq orta dengeyde qalyp otyr. Telearnagha senim joghalmaghan, alayda faktcheking daghdylary kónil kónshitpeydi. Respondentterding kópshiligi mediada syny túrghyda qaray alatynyn aitsa da, feyk aqparatqa sanaly qarsy túru mýmkindigi әlsiz ekeni belgili bolyp otyr.

Zertteu Qazaqstandaghy azamattardyng edәuir bóligi qarama-qayshy aqparatty jii kezdestiretinin kórsetken: respondentterding 46 %-y sayasy oqighalardy әrtýrli BAQ týrlishe beretinin atap ótken. Biraq olardyng 42 %-y múnday jaghdayda eshqanday әreket jasamaytynyn aitqan. Búl – aqparatty syny qabyldau men tekseru daghdylarynyng әli de әlsiz ekenin anghartady.

Zertteushe sýensek, Ózbekstan men Tәjikstanda mediasauattylyq dengeyi Qazaqstanmen salystyrghanda tómen. Ózbekstanda halyqtyng jartysyna juyghy (46 %) ózderin tómen dengeyli mediasauatty dep baghalasa, Tәjikstanda búl kórsetkish 54 %-dy qúraydy. Degenmen, búl elderde qazirgi kezde ong ózgerister bayqalady.

Aqparatty tútynatyn auditoriyanyng media sauattylyq dengeyi tómen bolsa, jalghan derekterge senu, emosiyalyq manipulyasiyagha boy aldyru, teris aqparatty taratu qaupi úlghaya beredi. Osy orayda elimizde songhy jyldary media sauattylyqqa mәn beretin bastamalar – mektepter men JOO-larda engizilip jatqan pәnder, qoghamdyq úiymdardyng treningteri, sifrlyq gigiyenagha arnalghan jobalar – manyzdy qadam sanalady.

Kәsiby standarttar jәne jurnalist kadrlaryn damytu

Qazaqstanda media salasynyng sapaly damuy ýshin eng aldymen jurnalist kadrlaryn janasha dayarlau men qayta dayarlau jýiesin jolgha qoi qajet. Qazirgi kezde otandyq jurnalistika mamandary mulitiymedialyq qúraldarmen júmys, derekterdi vizualizasiyalau, sifrlyq qauipsizdik, auditoriya analitikasy sekildi jana daghdylargha jiti kónil bólinui kerek.

Mәdeniyet jәne aqparat ministrligining mәlimetinshe, ótken jyly onlayn-platformalarda zannamany búzghan 67 mynnan astam fakti anyqtalyp, 18 mynnan astam material joyylghan eken.

Qazirding ózinde TikTok, YouTube, Telegram siyaqty transshekaralyq platformalar otandyq auditoriyanyng negizgi aqparat kózine ainalghan. Datareportal esebine sýiensek, 2024 jyly qazaqstandyqtardyng 77%-y aqparatty aldymen әleumettik jeliden alady. Búl – kontent óndiru ghana emes, aqparattyq tәuelsizdik mәselesi.

Aqparat salasyndaghy reformalar tek kәsiby orta ýshin emes, tútas qogham ýshin qajet. Óitkeni media – qoghamdyq sanagha әser etetin negizgi qúraldardyng biri. Ol memlekettik iydeologiyanyng ózegi ghana emes, sonymen birge qoghamdyq pikir men azamattyq belsendilikting ainasy. Memleket pen qogham arasyndaghy dialogty ornyqtyru ýshin senimdi, sapaly, kәsiby jurnalistikanyng boluy – manyzdy shart. Búl mindetti tek zang arqyly sheshu mýmkin emes. Ol ýshin media ekojýiesi tútas janghyruy qajet – kәsiby standarttar men etika kýsheyip, sifrlyq qauipsizdik mәdeniyeti qalyptasugha tiyis.

Memleket tarapynan jurnalisterding biliktiligin arttyrugha arnalghan arnayy baghdarlamalar, media salasyna baghyttalghan granttar men stiypendiyalyq jýieler, salalyq jurnalistikany damytu jobalary iske asyrylyp keledi.

Auyl sharuashylyghy, medisina, ekologiya, qúqyq, ekonomika siyaqty taqyryptarda tereng saraptamalyq materialdar dayarlaytyn salalyq jurnalistikanyng damuy – qoghamnyng aqparattyq súranysyna sapaly jauap beruding bir joly. Búl baghytta azamattyq qogham instituttary men kәsiby qauymdastyqtardyng belsendiligi erekshe ról atqarady.

Týiin

Preziydent atap ótkendey, býgingi aqparattar tasqynynda senimdi derek, dәiekti taldau úsynudyng mәni men manyzy arta týsti. Jurnalistikagha qoyylatyn talap ta, senim de údayy joghary. Sol senim ýdesinen shyghu – kәsiby orta men memleketting ortaq mindeti.

Media – jay ghana janalyq jetkizushi emes, qoghamdyq pikirding baghyt-baghdaryn qalyptastyratyn strategiyalyq qúral. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng bolashaghy kәsiby biliktilikke, derbes redaksiyalyq sayasatqa, tehnologiyalyq beyimdilikke jәne qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershilikke tikeley baylanysty.

Sapaly media – tek jurnalisterding emes, býkil qoghamnyng ústanymy men talghamyna tәueldi. Sondyqtan memleket, kәsiby orta jәne azamattyq qogham ózara senim men jauapkershilikke negizdelgen ortaq media ekojýie qalyptastyruy qajet. Uaqyt talabyna say beyimdele alatyn, әdil әri senimdi aqparat úsynatyn medianyng kýshengi – elimizding demokratiyalyq damuynyng da alghysharty.

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