Songhy otyz jyldan astam uaqytta Qazaqstan Ortalyq Aziya aimaghynda eng túraqty әri yqpaldy memleketterding biri retinde tanyldy.

1991 jyly tәuelsizdik alghan sәtten bastap elding syrtqy sayasaty da, ishki reformalary da aimaqtyq kóshbasshylyqty kózdedi. Ekonomikalyq damu, yadrolyq qarusyzdanu, infraqúrylymdyq jobalar men diplomatiyalyq bastamalar arqyly Qazaqstan ózin beybitshilik pen túraqtylyqtyng ýlgisi retinde kórsetti. Alayda, qazirgi geosayasy ózgerister men aimaqtaghy jana kýshterding payda boluy «Qazaqstan osy mәrtebesin saqtap qala ala ma?» degen zandy súraqty tudyrady.

Kóshbasshylyqtyng bastauy

Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyldarynda Qazaqstan Ortalyq Aziya elderining ishinde eng bay tabighy resurstargha iye, sayasy túrghyda túraqty jәne halyqaralyq qoghamdastyqpen eng tyghyz baylanys ornatqan memleket boldy. Múnay men gaz salasynyng damuy, sheteldik investisiyalardyng tartyluy, tengening engizilui jәne Astana siyaqty jana әkimshilik ortalyqtyng qúryluy — elding ilgeri basqan reformalarynyng simvolyna ainaldy.

Sonymen qatar, Qazaqstannyng kópvektorly syrtqy sayasaty elding aimaqtyq bedelin kýsheytti. Reseymen strategiyalyq seriktestik, Qytaymen ekonomikalyq yntymaqtastyq, Batys elderimen energetikalyq jәne investisiyalyq baylanystar tengerimdi týrde jýrgizildi. Búl sayasat Qazaqstandy kórshilerimen salystyrghanda halyqaralyq dengeyde senimdi seriktes retinde kórsetip, aimaqtyq kóshbasshy mәrtebesine jetkizdi.

Qazaqstannyng ekonomikasy postkenestik kenistiktegi eng iri ekonomikalardyng biri retinde qala berude. Jalpy ishki ónim kólemi boyynsha el Ortalyq Aziyanyng basqa memleketterin (Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikstan, Týrkimenstan) basyp ozady. Industriyalandyru baghdarlamalary, «Sifrlyq Qazaqstan» jobasy, kólik-logistika infraqúrylymyn damytu (әsirese «Núrly jol» jәne «Batys Qytay – Batys Europa» dәlizi) elding aimaqtyq ekonomikalyq rólin arttyra týsti.

Alayda songhy jyldary jana tendensiyalar bayqaluda. Ózbekstannyng reformalary men ashyq ekonomikalyq sayasaty, Týrkimenstannyng energetikalyq baghyttaghy derbestigi jәne Qyrghyzstan men Tәjikstannyng enbek kóshi-qon naryghyndaghy manyzdylyghy aimaqtyq tepe-tendikti birshama ózgertti. Degenmen, Qazaqstannyng institusionaldyq damu dengeyi, investisiyalyq klimattyng túraqtylyghy jәne halyqaralyq naryqqa shyghu mýmkindigi әli de joghary. Búl faktorlar elimizding kóshbasshylyq ornyn saqtap qalugha mýmkindik beredi.

Qazaqstannyng geosayasy ornalasuy — onyng artyqshylyghy da, jauapkershiligi de. El Resey men Qytay siyaqty alyp memleketterding arasynda ornalasqan jәne Ortalyq Aziyany Europamen, sonday-aq Tayau Shyghyspen baylanystyratyn strategiyalyq ótkel bolyp tabylady. Osy sebepti Qazaqstannyng syrtqy sayasy tepe-tendigi erekshe manyzgha iye.

Ózbekstan faktory

Songhy jyldary Ortalyq Aziyadaghy negizgi tendensiyalardyng biri – Ózbekstannyng belsendi janghyruy men ashyq sayasatqa bet aluy. Preziydent Shavkat Mirziyyoevting jýrgizip otyrghan reformalary elding aimaqtyq yqpalyn aitarlyqtay arttyrdy. Ózbekstan qazirding ózinde 38 millionnan astam halqy bar, tútynu naryghy ken, jәne ónerkәsip salasyn әrtaraptandyruda aitarlyqtay jetistikterge jetip keledi.

Búl jaghdayda Qazaqstan ýshin basty mindet – aimaqtaghy bәsekelestikti tek sayasy emes, ekonomikalyq jәne tehnologiyalyq túrghyda da sauatty jýrgizu. Kóshbasshylyq tek resurstarmen nemese aumaqtyng kólemimen emes, innovasiyalar men adamy kapital sapasymen anyqtalady. Sondyqtan, Qazaqstangha bilim men ghylymgha, sifrlyq tehnologiyalargha, jasyl energetikagha investisiyany kýsheytu qajet.

Qazaqstannyng syrtqy sayasatynyng manyzdy baghyty – Ortalyq Aziyadaghy integrasiyany kýsheytu. El 2018 jyly Astanada ótken Ortalyq Aziya memleketteri basshylarynyng konsulitativtik kezdesuin úiymdastyru arqyly aimaqtyq birlikting negizin qalady. Búl format ózara senim men yntymaqtastyqty arttyrugha baghyttalghan manyzdy bastama boldy.

Sauda, shekaralyq qauipsizdik, kólik dәlizderi men su resurstaryn basqaru problemalary boyynsha kelissózder jýrgizu arqyly Qazaqstan aimaqtyng túraqtylyghyna ýles qosyp otyr. Sonymen qatar, Qazaqstan Týrki memleketteri úiymynyng da belsendi mýshesi retinde týrki integrasiyasyn damytuda jetekshi ról atqaryp keledi.

Kez kelgen memleketting aimaqtyq bedeli eng aldymen ishki túraqtylyghyna baylanysty. Qazaqstan búl túrghyda ýlken synaqtardan ótti. 2022 jylghy Qantar oqighasy eldegi әleumettik әdilettiliktin, ekonomikalyq tendikting jәne sayasy janarudyng manyzyn kórsetti. Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng «Ádiletti Qazaqstan» tújyrymdamasy men sayasy reformalar baghdarlamasy qoghamdaghy senimdi qalpyna keltiruge baghyttaldy.

Sayasy jýieni janghyrtu, jergilikti basqarudy kýsheytu jәne azamattyq qogham instituttaryn damytu – elding bolashaqtaghy túraqtylyghynyng negizgi sharttary. Eger búl reformalar jýieli týrde iske assa, Qazaqstan tek aimaqtaghy emes, býkil Euraziya kenistigindegi tabysty modernizasiya ýlgisi bola alady.

Qazaqstannyng Ortalyq Aziyadaghy kóshbasshylyq róli – tarihi, ekonomikalyq jәne diplomatiyalyq túrghyda qalyptasqan qúbylys. IYә, songhy jyldary aimaq elderi arasynda jana bәsekelester payda boldy. Biraq kóshbasshylyq – mәrtebe ghana emes, jauapkershilik.

Eger Qazaqstan óz reformalaryn tabandylyqpen jalghastyryp, innovasiya men bilimge sýiengen jana ekonomikalyq modelige kóshse, ekologiyalyq jәne әleumettik túraqtylyqty saqtasa, onda elding aimaqtaghy jetekshilik róli úzaq jyldar boyy saqtalady.

Sózding týiini – Qazaqstannyng kóshbasshylyghy tabighy baylyqta emes, kóregen sayasat pen últtyq birlikte. Al búl qúndylyqtar saqtalsa, Qazaqstan Ortalyq Aziyanyng jýregi, túraqtylyq pen damu dingegi bolyp qala bermek.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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