Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alghannan beri ekonomikalyq ósimning týrli kezenderin bastan ótkerdi. Ásirese tabighy resurstargha sýiengen damu modeli el budjetining tolyghuyna, infraqúrylymnyng janaruyna, halyqaralyq bedelding artuyna yqpal etti. Degenmen, uaqyt óte kele shiykizatqa tәueldilik ekonomikanyng osal túsyn aiqyndap berdi. Qazirgi kýnderi jahandyq naryqtaghy qúbylmaly ahual, geosayasy ózgerister jәne tehnologiyalyq transformasiya dәuiri elimizdi ekonomikany әrtaraptandyrugha iytermeleude. Osy túrghyda ishki tútynushy naryghynyng әleueti men әlsizdigi turaly problema kýn tәrtibine shyghyp otyr. Shynynda da, Qazaqstandaghy tútynushy naryghynyng kemdigi ekonomikanyng damuyna kedergi keltirude me?

Aldymen «tútynushy naryghy» úghymyna toqtalayyq. Tútynushy naryghy – halyqtyng kýndelikti qajettilikterin óteytin tauarlar men qyzmetterding ainalymy jýzege asatyn ekonomikalyq kenistik. Ol halyq sanyna, tabys dengeyine, satyp alu qabiletine, óndiristing qúrylymyna jәne kәsipkerlik belsendilikke tikeley baylanysty. Ishki naryq qanshalyqty keng әri serpindi bolsa, ekonomika da sonshalyqty túraqty damidy. Sebebi ishki súranys – óndiristing qozghaushy kýshi, al óndiris – júmys oryndarynyn, salyq týsimderinin, jalpy últtyq tabystyng qaynar kózi.

Qazaqstan halqynyng sany shamamen 20 millionnan asady. Geografiyalyq túrghydan alyp qaraghanda, el aumaghy ken, alayda halyq tyghyzdyghy tómen. Búl ishki naryqtyng kólemin tabighy týrde shekteydi. Mysaly, halqy 130-140 millionnan asatyn memleketterde ishki súranys auqymdy bolghandyqtan, kәsiporyndar syrtqy naryqqa shyqpay-aq túraqty tabys taba alady. Al bizde óndirilgen ónimning ózindik qúnyn tómendetu ýshin kólemdik artyqshylyqqa jetu qiyndau. Sondyqtan kóptegen kәsiporyndar ýshin ishki naryq tarlyq etedi.

Tútynushy naryghynyng kemdigi eng aldymen otandyq óndiristing bayau damuyna әser etedi. Kәsipkerler jana óndiris ashu nemese innovasiyalyq joba bastau kezinde eng aldymen naryq syiymdylyghyn esepteydi. Eger súranys kem bolsa, investisiya tәuekeli artady. Nәtiyjesinde biznes ókilderi kóbine sauda-sattyq pen deldaldyq qyzmetke beyimdelip, naqty óndiris sektoryna barugha qúlyqsyz bolady. Búl qúbylys ekonomikanyng qúrylymyn tengerimsiz etedi.

Sonymen birge, halyqtyng satyp alu qabileti de manyzdy faktor. Songhy jyldary inflyasiya dengeyining ósui, baghanyng qymbattauy, importqa tәueldilik tútynushylardyng naqty tabysyn qysqartty. Tabysy shekteuli halyq eng aldymen azyq-týlik pen kommunaldyq tólemderge qarjy júmsaydy da, ózge tauarlar men qyzmetterge súranys tómendeydi. Búl shaghyn jәne orta biznesting tabysyn kemitip, ekonomikalyq belsendilikti tómendetedi.

Degenmen jaghdaydy birjaqty qarastyru dúrys bolmas. Qazaqstannyng ishki naryghy shaghyn bolghanymen, onyng sapalyq mýmkindikteri bar. Urbanizasiya ýderisi kýsheyip, orta taptyng ýlesi birtindep artuda. Qalalarda zamanauy qyzmet týrlerine, sifrlyq tehnologiyalargha, sapaly ónimge súranys ósip keledi. Búl – jana biznes modeliderge jol ashatyn ýrdis. Mysaly, elektrondy kommersiya, jetkizu qyzmeti, otandyq brendterding damuy songhy jyldary qarqyn aldy. Demek, ishki naryqtyng kemdigi absolutti kedergi emes, kerisinshe tiyimdi strategiyany talap etetin jaghday.

Taghy bir manyzdy jayt – Qazaqstannyng geografiyalyq ornalasuy. El Euraziya qúrlyghynyng qaq ortasynda, iri naryqtardyng – Resey, Qytay, Ortalyq Aziya memleketterining arasynda ornalasqan. Eger ishki naryq tar bolsa, ony ónirlik naryqpen tolyqtyrugha mýmkindik bar. Yaghny otandyq kәsiporyndar tek 20 milliondyq emes, jýzdegen million tútynushysy bar kenistikti mýmkindiginshe paydalana alady. Búl ýshin kólik-logistikalyq infraqúrylymdy damytu, kedendik rәsimderdi jenildetu, sapa standarttaryn halyqaralyq dengeyge jetkizu qajet.

Sonymen qatar tútynushy naryghynyng kemdigi key jaghdayda ekonomikany syrtqy naryqqa baghyttaugha iytermeleydi. Eksportqa baghdarlanghan óndiris bәsekege qabilettilikti arttyryp, sapany jaqsartugha mәjbýr etedi. Eger kәsiporyn tek ishki súranyspen shektelse, innovasiyagha úmtylys bәsendeui mýmkin. Al syrtqy naryqqa shyghu – tehnologiyalyq janarugha, menedjment sapasynyng kóteriluine jol ashady. Osy túrghydan alghanda, ishki naryqtyng shaghyndyghy belgili dengeyde damugha serpin de bere alady.

Alayda, búl mýmkindikterdi iske asyru ýshin ishki tútynushy naryghyn kýsheytu qajet. Eng aldymen halyq tabysyn arttyru – basty mindet. Joghary jalaqy, sapaly júmys oryndary, әdil әleumettik sayasat tútynu belsendiligin arttyrady. Tabysy artqan azamat sapaly otandyq ónimge súranys bildiredi, demek óndiris keneyedi. Ekinshiden, shaghyn jәne orta biznesti qoldau jýiesin jetildiru kerek. Qoljetimdi nesiye, salyqtyq jenildikter, әkimshilik kedergilerdi kemitu ishki naryqta bәsekeni kýsheytip, úsynystyng artuyna yqpal etedi.

Sonymen qatar, importty almastyru sayasaty sauatty jýrgizilui tiyis. Qazirgi kýnderi kóptegen tútynu tauarlary shetelden әkelinedi. Búl ishki naryqtaghy qarjynyng syrtqa aghyluyna әkeledi. Eger sol tauarlardy el ishinde óndiru jolgha qoyylsa, jana júmys oryndary ashylyp, qosymsha qún elimizde qalar edi. Búl proteksionizmge úrynbay, sapa men bagha jarysyna negizdelui qajet.

Taghy bir aitarymyz, adamy kapitaldy damytu – úzaq merzimdi sheshim. Bilimdi, tәjiriybeli, kreativti jastar jana ónimder men qyzmetterdi oilap tauyp, naryqqa úsyna alady. Innovasiyalyq ekonomika qalyptastyru arqyly biz ishki súranysty tek sandyq emes, sapalyq túrghyda da keneyte alamyz. Sifrlyq qyzmetter, IT salasy, kreativti industriyalar halyq sanyna qatty tәueldi emes, biraq joghary qosymsha qún әkeledi.

Qorytyndylay kelgende, Qazaqstandaghy tútynushy naryghynyng kemdigi belgili dәrejede ekonomikanyng damuyna kedergi keltiredi. Halyq sanynyng azdyghy men satyp alu qabiletining shekteuliligi óndiris kólemin úlghaytugha, ishki súranysty arttyrugha tosqauyl boluda. Alayda búl – enserilmeytin jaghday emes. Tiyimdi ekonomikalyq sayasat, tabysty arttyru, kәsipkerlikti qoldau, eksportqa baghdarlanu jәne adamy kapitaldy damytu arqyly ishki naryqtyng әleuetin kýsheytuge bolady.

Eng bastysy – tútynushy naryghyn tek sanmen ólshemey, onyng sapasyna, qúrylymyna, innovasiyalyq mýmkindikterine nazar audaru. Sonda ghana Qazaqstan ekonomikasy syrtqy faktorlargha tәueldilikten arylyp, ornyqty әri tengerimdi damu jolyna týse alady. Ishki naryqtyng kemdigi – taghdyrdyng jazuy demesekte, strategiyalyq oilaudy talap etetin jaghday. Al, ony mýmkindikke ainaldyru – memleket pen qoghamnyng ortaq mindeti.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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