Jahandanu dәuirinde halyqtyng kóshi-qony búryn-sondy bolmaghan qarqyngha iye. Bir elden ekinshi elge júmys izdep, bilim quyp, qauipsiz ómir sýru ýshin nemese týrli sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq sebeptermen qonys audaru býginde әlemning qalypty qúbylysyna ainaldy. Halyqaralyq úiymdardyng mәlimetine sýiensek, býginde dýniyejýzinde jýzdegen million adam tughan elinen tys jerde ómir sýrude. Múnday ýderisten Qazaqstan da shet qalghan joq. Songhy jyldary elimizge enbek migranttary, kәsipkerler, studentter jәne túraqty túrugha niyetti adamdardyng kelui jiyiley týsti. Sonymen qatar Qazaqstan azamattarynyng da shetelge qonys audaruy jalghasyp keledi.

Osynday jaghdayda qoghamda «Qazaqstan bolashaqta migranttar memleketine ainalyp ketpey me?» degen saualdyng qoyyluy zandy. Búl súraqqa emosiyamen emes, naqty derekterge, memlekettik sayasatqa jәne demografiyalyq ýrdisterge sýiene otyryp jauap izdeu manyzdy.

Eng aldymen, «migranttar memleketi» úghymynyng ózin týsinip alghan jón. Búl úghym naqty bir el halqynyng edәuir bóligin syrttan kelgen qonys audarushylar qúraytyn nemese kóshi-qon elding әleumettik, mәdeny jәne sayasy kelbetine aitarlyqtay yqpal etetin jaghdaydy bildiredi. Múnday memleketterding qatarynda Soltýstik Amerikadaghy, Batys Europadaghy jәne Parsy shyghanaghyndaghy birqatar elderdi ataugha bolady. Olardyng kópshiligi enbek resurstarynyng jetispeushiligin syrttan kelgen júmys kýshi arqyly tolyqtyrady.

Qazaqstannyng jaghdayy ózgeshe. El aumaghy keng bolghanymen, halyq sany salystyrmaly týrde mýlde kem. Búl naqty bir salalarda enbek kýshine súranystyng tuyndauyna әser etedi. Ásirese, qúrylys, auyl sharuashylyghy, qyzmet kórsetu jәne mausymdyq júmystarda sheteldik júmys kýshine qajettilik bayqalady. Ony ózderinizde kórip jýrsizder. Qazir, elimizde Reseyden, sonymen qatar, Ortalyq aziyadan kelip jatqan gasterbayterler óte kóp. Ásirese, songhy ailarda Reseyden kelip jatqandar óte kóbeyip ketti. Tipti, ony Astananyng ózinen de kóruge bolady. Sonymen birge Qazaqstan Euraziya qúrlyghynyng dәl ortasynda ornalasqandyqtan, kóshi-qon baghyttarynyng toghysqan jerine ainalyp otyr.

Degenmen, migrasiyalyq sayasat tek ekonomikalyq qajettilikpen shektelmeui tiyis. Memleket ýshin últtyq qauipsizdik, qoghamdyq túraqtylyq jәne әleumettik kelisim de manyzdy basymdyqtar retinde qala beredi. Sondyqtan, kez kelgen el siyaqty Qazaqstan da ózining kóshi-qon sayasatyn últtyq mýddege sәikes jýrgizuge úmtylady. Degenmen, qazirgi kýnderi últtyq mýdde jayyna qaldy. Ol әriyne, biylikting óte dәrmensizdiginen.

Kóshi-qon problemasynda eng manyzdy faktorlardyng biri – demografiya. Eger halyq sany túraqty ósip, enbekke qabiletti azamattardyng ýlesi jetkilikti bolsa, syrttan júmys kýshin kóptep tartugha qajettilik kemidy. Al kerisinshe jaghdayda keybir salalarda sheteldik mamandargha súranys payda boluy mýmkin. Sondyqtan úzaq merzimdi perspektivada elding demografiyalyq әleuetin nyghaytu erekshe manyzgha iye.

Qazaqstan halqynyng sany songhy jyldary ósip kele jatqanymen, ónirler arasyndaghy demografiyalyq aiyrmashylyq saqtaluda. Keybir oblystarda halyq sany qarqyndy artsa, keybir ónirlerde túrghyndar sanynyng bayau ósui nemese kemui bayqalady. Múnday tengerimsizdik ishki kóshi-qondy tiyimdi úiymdastyrudyng manyzyn kórsetedi. Elding enbek kýshi jetispeytin aimaqtaryna ishki qonys audarudy yntalandyru syrtqy migrasiyagha tәueldilikti tómendetuding bir joly boluy mýmkin.

Kóshi-qon jaghdayyn qarastyrghanda ekonomikalyq qyryn da úmytpau kerek. Keybir salalarda sheteldik mamandar jana tehnologiyalar men tәjiriybe alyp keledi. Investisiya tartugha, óndiristi damytugha jәne kәsipkerlikti keneytuge ýles qosatyn shetel azamattary, tipti, qandastarda bar. Memleket ýshin manyzdysy – kelushilerding zang talaptaryn saqtauyn qamtamasyz etu, enbek naryghyn qorghau jәne zansyz kóshi-qonnyng aldyn alu.

Áleumettik infraqúrylymgha týsetin jýkteme de nazardan tys qalmauy tiyis. Eger kóshi-qon kólemi josparlanbay ósse, túrghyn ýi, bilim jýiesi, densaulyq saqtau jәne kommunaldyq qyzmetterge qosymsha qysym týsui mýmkin. Sondyqtan kóshi-qon aghyndaryn esepke alu, tirkeu jýiesin jetildiru jәne memlekettik organdar arasyndaghy aqparat almasudy damytu manyzdy mindetterding kerektisi bolyp sanalady.

Qoghamdyq kelisim jaghdayy da erekshe nazar audarudy qajet etedi. Kez kelgen qoghamda zannyng ýstemdigi, memlekettik tilding mәrtebesi jәne ortaq azamattyq qúndylyqtar әrqaysyna birdey talap retinde saqtaluy qajet. Búl qoghamnyng tútastyghyn nyghaytugha qyzmet etedi.

Álemdik tәjiriybe kórsetkendey, kóshi-qon sayasatynyng tabysty boluy eng aldymen onyng tiyimdi jýrgiziluine baylanysty. Shekaralyq baqylaudy jetildiru, enbek migranttaryn zang ayasynda tirkeu, zansyz júmyspen qamtugha jol bermeu, sifrlyq baqylau jýielerin engizu jәne enbek naryghyna naqty taldau jýrgizu – kóshi-qondy tiyimdi retteuding manyzdy qúraldary.

Sonymen birge, jastardyng elden ketu sebepterin tómendetu de strategiyalyq manyzgha iye. Bәsekege qabiletti ekonomika, sapaly bilim, әdil enbek naryghy, túrghyn ýige qoljetimdilik jәne kәsipkerlikke qoldau kórsetilse, el azamattarynyng óz bolashaghyn Qazaqstanmen baylanystyru yqtimaldyghy arta týsedi. Demografiyalyq túraqtylyq tek syrttan kelushilerding sanymen emes, eng aldymen óz azamattarynyng elde ómir sýrip, enbek etuge degen yntasymen ólshenedi. Osy orayda, qazirgi Enbek jәne әleumettik qorghau ministrligining eshqanday atqaryp otyrghan júmysyn qarastyryp taba almadyq. Mýmkin bolsa, qúrmetti biylik iyesi, osy ministrlikting jetekshisin jәne orynbasaryn aldaghy tamyz aiynda ýkimetti jasaqtaghanda oryndarynan bosatu kerek shyghar.

Qoryta aitqanda, Qazaqstannyng migranttar memleketine ainaluy nemese ainalmauy aldyn ala sheshilip qoyghan qúbylys demeyik. Búl elding demografiyalyq damuyna, ekonomikalyq sayasatyna, kóshi-qondy basqaru sapasyna jәne últtyq mýddeni basshylyqqa alghan memlekettik sheshimderge oray jýredi. Ashyq ekonomika men últtyq qauipsizdik, enbek naryghynyng qajettiligi men qoghamdyq túraqtylyq arasynda tengerim saqtalghan jaghdayda kóshi-qon elding damuyna ong әser ete alady.

Eng bastysy – kóshi-qon sayasaty qysqa merzimdi qajettilikterge ghana emes, úzaq merzimdi últtyq strategiyagha negizdelui tiyis. Qazaqstannyng bolashaghy eng aldymen bilimdi, enbekqor, zangha qúrmetpen qaraytyn azamattarynyng әleuetine baylanysty. Al tiyimdi basqarylghan kóshi-qon sayasaty osy әleuetti tolyqtyratyn qúralgha ainalghanda ghana elding túraqty damuyna qyzmet etedi.  

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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