HH ghasyr basynda qazaq halqynyng ómirine etene aralasyp, ózining iydeyasymen, qayratkerligimen kózge týsip, patsha sayasatyna qarsy kýresken, azamattarymyzdyng biri – Mústafa Shoqay. Onyng qayratkerligi Memlekettik dumanyng Músylman fraksiyasyna qatysuy barysynda, 1916 jyly últ-azattyq kóterilis, 1917 jylghy Aqpan tónkerisi túsynda tanyldy.

M. Shoqay Týrkistan avtonomiyasyn qúruda elding sayasy ekonomikalyq jaghdayyn jaqsartyp, býtin jәne azat Týrkistan platformasyn qúrudy qoldaghan. Mine, sondyqtan M. Shoqayúly HH ghasyr basyndaghy últ-azattyq jәne әleumettik qayta janghyru ýshin bastalghan qozghalystyng kósh bastaushylarynyng biri retinde qarastyrylyp keledi. Songhy kezderde tarih ghylymy qayratker jóninde ghylymy zertteuler men tanymdyq enbektermen tolyghyp, oqyrmandarynyng jyly lebizderine ie boluda.
Qayratkerding túlghalyghyn tanytuda tarihshy ghalym aghamyz Kóshim Lekerúly Esmaghambetovtyng “Dayk-Press” baspasynan jaryq kórgen “Álem tanyghan túlgha” atty kitabyn atauymyzgha bolady. Kólemi 31,5 baspa tabaqtyq 7 taraudan túratyn búl enbek gumanist, qogham qayratkeri Mústafa Shoqaydyng dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasu kezeninen bastap, onyng qayratkerlik bolymysyn tolyqtay aiqyndaugha arnalghan.

HH ghasyr basynda qazaq halqynyng ómirine etene aralasyp, ózining iydeyasymen, qayratkerligimen kózge týsip, patsha sayasatyna qarsy kýresken, azamattarymyzdyng biri – Mústafa Shoqay. Onyng qayratkerligi Memlekettik dumanyng Músylman fraksiyasyna qatysuy barysynda, 1916 jyly últ-azattyq kóterilis, 1917 jylghy Aqpan tónkerisi túsynda tanyldy.

M. Shoqay Týrkistan avtonomiyasyn qúruda elding sayasy ekonomikalyq jaghdayyn jaqsartyp, býtin jәne azat Týrkistan platformasyn qúrudy qoldaghan. Mine, sondyqtan M. Shoqayúly HH ghasyr basyndaghy últ-azattyq jәne әleumettik qayta janghyru ýshin bastalghan qozghalystyng kósh bastaushylarynyng biri retinde qarastyrylyp keledi. Songhy kezderde tarih ghylymy qayratker jóninde ghylymy zertteuler men tanymdyq enbektermen tolyghyp, oqyrmandarynyng jyly lebizderine ie boluda.
Qayratkerding túlghalyghyn tanytuda tarihshy ghalym aghamyz Kóshim Lekerúly Esmaghambetovtyng “Dayk-Press” baspasynan jaryq kórgen “Álem tanyghan túlgha” atty kitabyn atauymyzgha bolady. Kólemi 31,5 baspa tabaqtyq 7 taraudan túratyn búl enbek gumanist, qogham qayratkeri Mústafa Shoqaydyng dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasu kezeninen bastap, onyng qayratkerlik bolymysyn tolyqtay aiqyndaugha arnalghan.
Avtor M. Shoqaydyng ómir joldary men qoghamdyq-sayasy qyzmetin Qazaqstan, Resey, Ózbekstan múraghattarymen birge Fransiya, Germaniya, Týrkiya jәne t.b. elderining múraghat materialdaryn qoldana otyryp ashqan. Kóp materialdar búryndary qoldanysqa enbegen tyng derekter. Ásirese M. Shoqaydyng ghúlamalyghyn negizdeude Fransiyada saqtalghan jeke múraghat qorlarynyng qoldanysqa engizilui ýlken jetistik desek bolady.
Tarihshy-ghalym búryndary M. Shoqay ómirine, qoghamdyq-sayasi, shygharmashylyq qyzmetine baylanysty shyqqan keybir enbekter men onyng estelik ýzindilerin qazaq tilinde audaru sәtinde jiberilgen qatelikterdi mysaldarmen kórsete otyryp, múnday enbekter Shoqay tarihyn zertteushilerdi shatastyrugha úshyratu yqtimaldyghyn da atap ótken. Sonymen qatar Shoqaydyng ómiri men qyzmetin zertteu barysynda derekózderin jәne oghan qatysty jazylghan enbekterdi qoldanuda syn eleginen ótkizu, jýieleu, payymdau qajettigin úsynuy asa oryndy.
M. Shoqaydyng esimin “otarlyq ozbyrlyq pen óktemdikke qarsy azattyq qozghalysynyng iydeologiyasyn qalyptastyrugha, strategiyasy men taktikasyn anyqtaugha ólsheusiz ýles qosqan” túlgha retinde erekshe atau qajettigin basa kórsete otyryp, onyng qayratkerligin bar qyrynan tanytqan.
M. Shoqaydyng balalyq shaghynan bastap, dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasuyn, patsha sayasatyna qarsy kýres barysyn qúndy materialdarmen dәiektegen ghalym onyng qayratker bolyp shyndaluyna týrki-músylman azattyq qozghalysy jetekshilerining pikirler men eki ghasyr toghysyndaghy sayasy aghymdar men oqighalardyng әseri bolghandyghyn, Á. Bókeyhanov, A. Baytúrsynov, M. Dulatov syndy sayasy túlghalardyng tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy sayasy qyzmetterine tilektes bola otyryp, Alash qozghalysyna at salysyp, tәuelsizdik iydeyasy jolyndaghy kýreste osy ziyalylardyng aqyl-kenesterine sýiengendigin zerdeley kórsetedi.
Kitapta M. Shoqaydyng Býkilreseylik músylman sezine qatysuy, Memlekettik dumanyng Músylman fraksiyasyndaghy qyzmeti men dumadaghy tatar, bashqúrt, әzirbayjan halyqtarynyng ókilderimen tyghyz baylanysta boluy, músylman fraksiyasy arqyly qazaq mәselesining sheshiluine atsalysuy aiqyn suretteledi.
Avtor M. Shoqaydyng últtyq qayratker retinde sayasy sahnagha shyghuyna 1916 jylghy Týrkistan men qazaq jerindegi últ-azattyq qozghalystyng serpin bergendigin aita otyryp, onyng Alash jetekshileri sekildi halyqty qyrghyngha úshyratpas ýshin patsha jarlyghyna kónuge, búl mәseleni jogharghy biylik oryndary, yaghny Memlekettik duma arqyly sheshuge shaqyrghandyghyn, alayda ziyalylardyng búl úsynystaryna boyúsynbay, kóterilgen halyqqa qarsy shyqqan patsha ókimetining sheksiz jauyzdyghyn óz kózimen kóre merzimdi baspasózge maqala jariyalau arqyly qynjylys bildirgendigin de ashyp beredi.
M. Shoqaydyng Alash qayratkerlerining basylymy bolghan, 1913-1918 jj. aralyghynda shyghyp túrghan “Qazaq” gazetimen aradaghy baylanysy men Alash qozghalysyndaghy róli baghalanghan.
Kitaptyng basty ereksheligi M. Shoqaydy HH ghasyr basynda qazaq ziyalylarynyng iydeyasyn shet memlekette jalghastyrghan, onyng tek qazaq halqy ghana emes, týrki tildes Resey ýkimetine bodan halyqtardyng bostandyghy jolynda kýresken, birtútas týrki halyqtarynyng memleketin qúrugha bastamashy bolghan kýresker túlgha jәne әmbebap publisist, tarihshy ekendigin jan-jaqty dәiekti týrde tanyta biluinde. Naqtylay aitsaq, birinshiden, Mústafa Shoqay últ mýddesi jolynda patsha sayasatyna qarsy shyghyp, Memlekettik dumalargha qatysyp, merzimdi basylymdar arqyly jer, til, din mәselesin kótergen, patsha ókimeti qúlaghannan keyin Alash partiyasy men Alashorda ýkimetin qúryp, onyng algha qoyghan mindetterin jýzege asyrudaghy is-әreketteri, kenes ókimetimen arada tuyndaghan týsinispeushilik pen qarama-qayshylyqtan azamat soghysy jyldarynda jau kýshtermen odaqtas bolyp, ýkimet biyligine qarsy shyqqan, 30-shy jyldary qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan Á.Bókeyhanov, A.Baytúrsynov, M. Dulatov, R. Mәrsekov, H. Ghabbasov, I. Álimbekov jәne t.b. qazaq ziyalylarynyng oi-pikirlerin jiyrma jylday nasihattauyn dәleldi týrde aiqyndap beredi. “Otarshyldyqtyng oirany men qayghy-qasiretin bastarynan ótkergen qazaq, ózbek, qyrghyz, t.b. halyqtardyng taghdyry óz taghdyrymen bite qaynasqan, últ mýddesi óz ómiri men kýresining maqsat-múratyna ainalghan, jiyrma jyl boyy Europa tórinde Alash iydeyalaryn jalghastyryp, tәuelsizdik tuyn kótergen sonday túlghanyng biri de, biregeyi de – Mústafa Shoqay” dep tújyrymdauy osynyng aighaghy.
Ekinshiden, onyng qazaq últynan basqa ózbek, týrkimen, әzirbayjan jәne t.b. týrki-músylman, basqa da gruziyn, ukraiyn, arab, aughan, parsy halyqtarynyng mún-múqtajyn joqtaghan, osy halyqtardyng otar elderge ainalmay, tәuelsiz memleket boluy jolynda kýresuge, әri Týrkistan halqynyng basym kópshiligin avtonomiya iydeyasynyng tóniregine toptastyra otyryp, últtyq mýddeni qorghaugha shaqyrghan sara sayasatker ekendigin naqtylay kórsetken.
M. Shoqaydyng shetelge ketip “Týrkistan Últtyq birligi” úiymynyng qyzmetin jandandyryp, Europanyng joghary oqu oryndaryna bilim izdep kelgen týrkistandyq jastardy qamqorlyqqa aludy kózdegen jәne Germaniyada oqyp jýrgen músylman jastaryn júmysqa tartqan. Kitapta avtor “Týrkistan Últtyq birligi” úiymyndaghy Shoqaydyng rólin, onyng A. Z. Validiymen aradaghy baylanysy men ekeuara kelispeushilikting negizgi sebepterin zerdelegen.
Ýshinshiden, Týrkistan Múhtariyaty qúlaghannan keyin “Birlik tuy” arqyly bolisheviktik ýkimetting últtardyng ózin-ózi biyleu qúqyghy jónindegi úrandarynyng aldamshy, jalghan ekendigin dәleldep jazghanyn, shet memleketterde jýrip, baspa betteri arqyly týrki halyqtaryn bodandyq búghauynda ústap otyrghan bolishevikterge qarsy damylsyz kýres jýrgizip, Týrkiya, Aughanstan, Shyghys Týrkistan, Europa siyaqty elderdegi týrki-músylman halyqtarynyng basyn biriktirip, tәuelsizdik jolynda kýresuge shaqyrghandyghyn onyng “Yash Týrkistan”, “Yeny Týrkistan”, “Prometey” jәne taghy basqa basylymdarda jariyalanghan maqalalar dәleldeytindigin basa kórsetedi. Jalpy baspasózding M. Shoqaydyng qoghamdyq-sayasy qyzmetin aiqyndauda asa manyzdy ekendigi avtor “Últtyq qozghalystyng maqsaty, múrattaryn týsindirip, týrkistandyqtardy tәuelsizdik iydeyalary tóniregine toptastyruda baspasózding orny erekshe” dep jazuynan belgili.
M. Shoqay Fransiyagha kelgennen keyin baspasóz salasynda qyzmet etip, qalamyn shynday týsken. Ásirese onyng baspagerlik qyzmeti “Týrkistan Últtyq birligi” úiymynyng organy bolghan “Yeny Týrkistan” (“Jana Týrkistan”) jurnalyn úiymdastyruda tanylghan. 1927 jyldyng mausymynan bastap shyqqan búl jurnal Týrkistannyng últtyq tәuelsizdigi iydeyasy men týrikshildik oi-pikirlerin taratuda, týrki halyqtarynyng ruhany birligin nasihattauda manyzdy ról atqarghan. 1929 jyly jeltoqsannan bastap osy jurnalmen qatar “Yash Týrkistan” (“Jas Týrkistan”) jurnaly shygharylghan. Atalmysh eki jurnalda M. Shoqaydyng kóptegen maqalalary jariyalandy. Ghalymnyng kórsetuinshe, “Yash Týrkistan” betterinde M. Shoqaydyng jalpy qogham damuyna, dýniyejýzinde bolyp jatqan oqighalargha jәne últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng formalary men kýres tәsilderine, týrki halyqtarynyng mәdeniyeti men tarihyna qatysty kózqarastary kórinis tapqan. Qayratkerding jurnalgha tereng maghynaly, san-sanaly taqyryptardyng qamtyluyn qadaghalauy jәne ózining osy jurnalda әr týrli mәselelerdi kóterui sózsiz onyng bilimdarlyghyn bildiredi.
Kitapta “Yash Týrkistan” jurnalyn 30-shy jyldary iri memleketterge keng tarap, ony aldyrushylardyng sany, últy jaghynan kóp bolghandyghy dәleldi týrde aitylady. Osy jurnalgha M. Shoqay baghyt berumen kýrdeli júmystar atqarghandyghy, jalpy halyqaralyq qauymdastyq “Yash Týrkistannyn” Orta Aziya men Qazaqstan boyynsha senimdi derekkózi retinde qarauynyng mәnisi dәiekti týrde negizdelgen. Jogharyda aitylghan atalmysh jurnaldar arqyly M. Shoqaydy publisistik qyrynan tanytuy ýlken jetistik deuge bolady.
Tórtinshiden, M. Shoqaydyng halyqaralyq sarapshy jәne tarihshy retinde qarastyryluy qayratkerding tek týrki halyqtarynyng últ-azattyq qozghalysyn ghana emes, batys elderding shyghys halyqtary jónindegi sayasatyn jetik biletindigin, halyqaralyq jaghdaymen jete tanys ekendigin naqtylaydy. Avtor onyng basty taqyryby Kenes Odaghynyng Týrkiya jәne basqa músylman elderi jóninde jýrgizip kelgen sayasatynyng ekijýzdiligin әlem halyqtaryna jariya etu ekendigin aiqyndap, osy jolda onyng aghylshyn, fransuz, italiyan, nemis basylymdarynda syny maqalalar jariyalap, súhbattar berui arqyly bilgir sayasatker, tereng sarapshy bolghandyghyn dәleldeydi. Qayratkerding irili-úsaq memeleketterding tarihyn, olardyng ishki jәne syrtqy sayasattaryn zertteuding arqasynda Europa soghysynyng bolatyndyghyn aldyn-ala boljauyn onyng kóregendigine, tereng oishyldyghyna jatqyzady.
M. Shoqaydyng tarihshylyghyn da onyng ghylymiy-publisistik enbekterine, estelikterine qarap baghalaydy. Onyng Resey ýkimetining otarlau sayasatyna qatysty әreketteri, qonystandyru barysy, 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilis, 1917 jylghy aqpan jәne qazan tónkerisi, Alash qozghalysy, Týrkistan Múhtariyaty, basmashylar qozghalysy, Kenes ókimetining qysymshylyq sayasaty, últ mәselesine, asharshylyqqa jәne t.b. taqyryptarda jazghandary tarih salasy ýshin taptyrmaytyn qúndy derek ekendigin payymdaghan. M. Shoqaydyng enbekterinde tarihy zertteuler әdisnamasyna oray birshama qúndy pikirler barlyghy, keybir eurosentristik tújyrymdamalargha qarsy kelgendigi jóninde kitapta mysal keltirile aitylady.
M. Shoqaydyng tek qazaq halqynyng ghana emes, kýlli týrki halyqtarynyng әdebiyetine, mәdeniyetine, sharuashylyghyna asa nazar audara baghalaghandyghy, onyng búl enbekteri shetel ghalymdary tarapynan ýlken súranysqa ie bolghandyghy da kitapta tereng týrde ashylghan.
Búl kitap M. Shoqaydyng 20-30 jyldardaghy sayasy qyzmetimen qosa, asa kýrdeli de qiyn ómir joldaryn aiqynday otyryp, onyng qayratkerligining qyr-syryn jan-jaqty ashyp bergen ghylymy enbek dey alamyz.
Halqymyzdyng tarihy tanymyn keneytetin osynday kitaptyng shyghuy quanysh. Sondyqtan Mústafa Shoqaydyng túlghasyn tarihy túrghyda baghalaghan búl kitap әli de óz oqyrmandarynyng arasynda layyqty baghasyn alar dep senemiz.

Svetlana SMAGhÚLOVA, Sh.Sh. Uәlihanov atyndaghy
Tarih jәne etnologiya institutynyng agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri,
«Týrkistan» gazeti, 21 05 2009 jyl.