Su, quat kózderi adam ómiri ýshin qanshalyqty manyzdy bolsa, aqparat ta sonshalyqty mәndilikke ainaldy. BAQ pen jurnalister qauymyna qoyylatyn talap kýsheygen sayyn, sala qyzmetining tiyimdiligin arttyru mәselesi kýntәrtibine shygharylyp otyr. Aqparatqa degen kýndelikti súranystyng qarqyndy ósimi ony el túrghyndarynyng kýndelikti qoldanatyn negizgi qajettilikterining birine ainaldyrdy.

Qazaq dalasynda kәsiby jurnalistikanyng negizi qalana bastaghanyna da ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt ótti. Búl, әriyne, adamdar múnan búryn ózara aqparat almaspady, úly dala qúlaqqa úrghan tanaday menireu boldy degen sóz emes. Kóshpendi taypalyq rulardyng ata-babalary Altaydan Atyraugha deyingi aishylyq jerge bir-birlerine dúghay sәlem joldap, «úzynqúlaq» arqyly da bәrin bilip otyrudy kózdedi. Keyin jazu-syzugha kóship, ósiyet sózderin balbal tastargha qashap basyp, keler úrpaqqa óz jaylarynan maghlúmat qaldyrdy.

1400 jyldary әlem halyqtary bolghan oqighany qaghazgha týsirip, ony eselep kóshirip taratugha kóshkeni mәlim. Al 1600 jyldary Germaniyada alghashqy baspa týrindegi gazet shygharylsa, birneshe jyldan keyin Angliya men Fransiya resmy týrde basylghan aqparat paraqshalaryn tarata bastaghan. 1622 jyly әlemning túnghysh aptalyq jurnaly oqyrmandar qolyna tiydi. Al múnday mýmkindikke HH ghasyrdyng basynda ghana qazaq júrty Alash qayratkerlerining arqasynda qol jetkizdi.

Tarihy kezenderge bir sәt kóz jýgirtuimizdegi maqsatymyz ótken shaqqa sayahat jasau emes. Kerisinshe, qazirgi qazaq jurnalistikasynyng jay-kýiine azyraq toqtalyp, oy bólisu ekendigin atap aitqan jón.

Zertteushiler arasynda jurnalist enbegining auyrlyghyn jeti qabat jer astynda kómir qazatyn búrghylaushylarmen salystyratyndar bar. Ony qisynsyz teneu deuge kelmeydi. Kýiip túrghan oqighanyng basy-qasynda boludy, qaynaghan ómirding ortasynan «ken qazu» jurnalisting mandayyna jazylghan taghdyr. Mamandyqtyng talaby men tandauy sol bolghan song amal joq, jurnalisterding enbegi júmystyng segiz saghatymen shektelmeydi.

Ózgeler júmys uaqyty bitken song kenselerinde bәrin qaldyryp, demalugha qaytsa, jurnalisting «arqalaghan jýgi» odan bir eli qalmay ýiine ere keledi. Tipti qyr sonynan bir eli de qalmaydy, әri-beriden song úiqy-kýlki bermeuge de bar. Kózi úiqygha ketkenshe ayaqtalmaghan maqalasynyn, ertengi telehabary ssenariyining jobasyn, baghdaryn bajaylap, josparlap jatuy kәdik. Týsinde kórip, oyanghan sәtte iydeyasyn qoyyn dәpterine týrtip qoyyp qaytadan jantaysa, oghan da tang qalugha bolmas.

Soghan qaramastan qogham olargha tym qatal әri biyik talap qoyady. «Mynany telearnalar nege kórsetpeydi, gazetter nege jazbaydy? Álgi jurnalister qayda jýredi, osy» dep bir toby min taqsa, kelesi biri «Qarashy, jedel jәrdem men órt sóndirushilerden búryn myna jurnalister kelip alyp týsirip jýr. Ne degen jamandyqqa jandary qúmar adamdar desenshi. Andyghan baqqandary ósen-ayang búlardyn» dep jatyp kep sógedi. Qyl ayaghy týrli mekemening esigin qoryghan kýzetshining ózi olardy keudeden iyterip manyna jolatpaugha bar. Sóite túra bәri tyng aqparat alyp, tosyn janalyqtar kórgileri keledi. Efir arqyly nemese gazet betinde úsynghan tuyndynyng ózine ne kóp, synshy kóp. «Anany býitpedi, mynany sóitpedi» dep jurnalisterdi kinәlaugha kelgende bizding qogham aldygha jan salmaydy. Osylaysha, eshkimge únamaytyndyghymen de jurnalistika degen qiyndyghy moldau mamandyq.

Degenmen, qarda izi qalmasa da, qaghazda aty, efirde zaty bar shygharmashylyq tuyndy jasaytyndyghymen qyzyghy mol kәsip. Keyinge qaldyratyn izi men júrt jadynda izgilik úyalatatyndyghy da kónilge medeu. Ózge mamandyqtarmen salystyrghanda әr isi elding kóz aldynda ashyq kórinis tabatyndyqtan jaqsy-jamanyn ajyratu, tógilgen manday ter men tesilgen taban etting jemisin kórui jyldamyraq. Áriyne, jaqsy tuyndy jasasan, kóniling ósip, marqayasyn, ruhany bir bayyp qalasyn. Onyng mәni jurnalist enbegining ózi qoghamnyng iygiligi men әleumettik әdilettilikke baghyttalatyndyghynda. Búl túrghydan kelgende jurnalister degenimiz roman jazugha múrshasy joq daryn-qabileti jetik talantty jazushylar degen tәmsilge eriksiz ilanasyn.

Qoghamnyng iygiligi ýshin jan ayamay kýresu peshenelerine jazylyp qoyghandyqtan, búl mamandyqty tandaghandar salagha barynsha berilip, onyng jolynda bәrin qúrban etuge dayar bolyp keledi. Ýnemi tyng kórinistermen úshyrasyp, bir jazghanyn ekinshi ret qaytalamay, әrdayym sanqily oqighalar men derekterding syryna tereng boylap otyratyndyqtan jurnalister barlyq saladan habardar zerdeli jandar.

Jurnalistika salasyna sanaly týrde kelip, ony taghdyrymen sabaqtastyrghan әriptesterimizding deni әdiletsizdikke jan-tәnimen qas. Aramdyqtyng aulasynan, kózine shalynghan bylyq-shylyqtyng qasynan ýnsiz óte almaydy. Biraq óz isterindegi kemshilikterdi kóruge, ony moyyndaugha kelgende salghyrttyq tanytatyn, keyde tipti shang juytpay qoyatyn azdaghan «betpaqtyghymyz» da keyde qylang berip jatady. «Eling qanday bolsa, bórking de sonday» demekshi, qoghamdaghy týrli syrqat pen tymau ataulynyng virustaryna jurnalister de shaldyqpay túra almaydy.

Kýnde ózgerip, qayta týlep jatqan býgingidey almaghayyp zamanda aqparatty «ashsa alaqanynda, júmsa júdyryghynda» ústaytyn baspasózden quatty qaru kemde-kem. Ony iygi baghytqa búryp, jaqsylyqqa paydalansa, yqpaly aitarlyqtay zor bolmaq. Ýlken ókinishke qaray, ýnemi olay bola bermeydi. Qarjy toptary men sayasy kýshter aqparat qúraldaryn ózderin ózgeden qorghaytyn sauytqa, bәsekelesterine silteytin semserge ainaldyrghylary keledi. Osynday maqsatpen ondaghan gazet-jurnal, telearnalar men radio redaksiyalar ashyldy, ashylyp ta jatyr.

Biznes zandylyghy boyynsha sapaly ónim óndirgender ghana ayaghynan tik túra alady. Al oghan shama-sharqy jetpese, bankrotqa úshyrap kýiip ketedi. Naryqtyng zany shynynda qatal. Alayda soghan qaramastan, keybir jandar kәsipkerlikting mýldem ózge qyrynan tapqan qarjysymen aqparat qúralyn ildebaylap asyraydy.

Naryqtyng zanyn aitpaghanda demokratiyalyq qoghamnyng dәstýrine qayshy keletin jaylar da barshylyq. Aytalyq, bizding elde birqatar basty delinetin gazet-basylymdar men telearnalardyng ýkimettik budjetten is jýzinde tikeley qarjylandyrylatyny nemese memlekettik satyp alu men tenderlerde artyqshylyqqa iyek artatyndyghy.

Beynebir jan saqtau bólimine týsken sozylmaly nauqasty emdegendey-aq óspeytin, óshpeytin shalajansar aqparat qúralynyng tamyryna qan jýgirtedi. Olardyng jariyalanymdarynyng sapasy, tiyimdiligi, biylikjandy jurnalisterding daryn-qabilettiligi turaly resmy ýkimet auyz ashpaytyn. Ana jyly ghana memlekettik hatshy bolyp túrghanda Marat Tәjin olardyng masyldyghyna nalyp, júrt oqymaytyn gazetti shygharudyn, eldi eleng etkizbeytin telehabar taratudyng mәni joqtyghyn mәlimdegeni bolmasa.

Professor, әleumettanudyng әigili ghalymy Tәjinning sol jolghy syny ýkimet qazynasynan tamaqtanyp otyrghan aqparat qúraldarynyng shekten shyqqan jaghympazdyghynan resmy biylikting ózi mezi bolghandyghyn kórsetip berdi. Shirkin, resmy biylik manyndaghy túlghalardyng bәri Mәkendey bolsa, endigi ary ózgeshe oilaytyn, balama aqparat taratatyn baspasóz qughyn-sýrginge úshyramasyna, jurnalisterding soqqygha jyghylmasyna, sayasy tapsyryspen sottalmasyna sengin-aq keledi.

Jurnalist bolugha talaptanushylar Kenes Odaghy túsynda Almatydaghy jalghyz jurnalistika fakulitetine aghylatyn. Ony bitirgenderding arasynan tanymal talanttardyng talayy tuyp shyqqany mәlim. Alayda kýrektey diplomdy qaltagha basqanymen, elu jol zametka da jazbay izim-ghayym joghalghandary qanshama.

Tәuelsizdik jyldarynda jurnalistika mamandyghyn ashqan JOO sany jiyrmadan asyp ketti. Biraq myqty jurnaliske degen súranys әli qanaghattandyrylmay keledi. Jazugha beyimi barlary júmyssyz qalyp jatqan joq. Tәuirleu jazady delingenderi redaksiyanyng birin tastap, ekinshisine auysyp jýre beretin boldy. Jas týlekterding deni televiziyagha asa qúmartady. Tez tanyludyng eng tóte joly osy telearna dep sanasa kerek.

Japoniyanyng әlemge әigili eng iri aqparattyq agenttigi «Kyodo news» pen kýnine ýsh ret jaryqqa shyghatyn «Asahy simbun» gazeti, AQSh-tyng «CNN» telekompaniyasy men «Vashington post» gazeti sekildi dýnie jýzinde asa tanymal BAQ oryndarynda qyzmet etetin jurnalisterding kóbi egde tartqan jasamys mamandar. Al bizde kerisinshe. Ásirese elektrondyq aqparat qúraldaryn kileng bozbala men boyjetkender jaulap alghan.

Jurnalistika mamandyghynyng ózindik erekshelikteri bar. Ózge mamandyqtar óz salasyn mengerse jetip jatyr. Al jurnalist bәrin bilui kerek. Tym qúryghanda, barlyghynan habardar bolugha mindetti. Jurnalisting qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershiligining ózi birneshe atangha jýk bolarlyqtay salmaqty. Ony ekinshi kurstyng әli kәmelettik jasqa da tolmaghan studentine arqalatu qanshalyqty qisyndy?! Óitkeni, últtyq uniyversiytetimizde jurnalistik bilim berip jýrgen dekan, kafedra mengerushileri óz shәkirtterining ekinshi kurstan bastap BAQ redaksiyalarynda júmys istep ketkenderimen maqtanatyn bolyp aldy.

Búl maqtanysh emes. Sonda, ózderi ne bitiredi? Studentterdi bir jyl ghana oqytyp, qalghan ýsh jyl boyy tekke otyryp ailyq ala ma? Memleket belgilep bergen bilim standarty qalay oryndalady? Álde, ainalasy alty aidyng ishinde professor, dosentterding aitarly tausylyp daghdaryp qala ma?

Jurnalisterding biliktiligin arttyru, qayta dayarlau mәselesining kezinde memlekettik hatshynyng dengeyinde kóterilip, problemalardyng ortagha salynuy kezdeysoqtyq bolmasa kerek. Týrlishe dәriptelip, asyra madaqtalghan Kenes Odaghynyng týbine jetken de osy jalghan aqpar men jasandy oda bolghanyn týisinu sonshalyqty kýrdeli júmbaq emes.

Negizi, jurnalister qauymy degen qoghamdaghy aghymgha erip, birge jýzip jýretin, jetekke eretin «týlki almaytyn tazy» emes. Kerisinshe, jighan aqparaty men ony taratu mýmkindigine qaray aldynghy qatargha shyghyp, qoghamdy damu men órleuge jeteleytin kóshbasshy túlgha bolugha mindetti. Sonysymen de ol ýkimetke eleuli týrde yqpal etip, halyqty janama týrde basqaratyn «tórtinshi biylik».

Quandyq ShAMAHAYÚLY, 

 halyqaralyq jurnalist

 Abai.kz