XI gh. birinshi jartysynda kóshpeli taypalardyng Deshti-Qypshaqqa qonys audaruy

Ghylymy әdebiyette kundar, kaylar men basqa da taypalardyng Deshti-Qypshaqqa qonys audaruy osal zerttelgen. Kezinde S.M.Ahinjanov atalghan mәselege óz monografiyasynyng bir tarauyn arnaghan [3,184-197]. Ol qonys audarudyng kelesidey kestesin jasaghan: Kailar-Kundar-Shary-Turkmender-Pechenegter [3,185-186]. S.M.Ahinjanov Sarylar men Qypshaqtardy tendestiredi [3,193-195]. Ol kezeng taypalarynyng qonys audaruy turaly negizgi derekterding biri Marvaziyding shygharmasy: «Olardyng arasynda Qytay hanynan qorqyp, Qytay jerinen kelgen «kun» dep atalatyn adamdar toby bar. Olar nestorindyq baghyttaghy hristiandar. Olar óz jerlerin jayylymdyq jerding tarlyghynan tastap ketken. Olardyng ishinen Akindjy ibn Kachugar Horezm-shah. Olardy kay dep atalatyn halyq qudalaghan. Olar kóp jәne kýshtirek. Olardy sol jayylymdardan quyp jibergen. [Sol sәtte kundar] sharlar jerine qonys audaryp, al sharlar týrkimender jerine ketken. Týrkimender guzdardyng shyghysyna [jerine], al tuzdar Qara tenizge jaqynyraq pechenegter jerine qonys audarghan. Olargha [týrikterge] kyrghyzdar jatady. Búl kóp halyq. Olardyng baspanasy soltýstik-shyghys pen soltýstikte [ornalasqan]. Qimaqtar olardan soltýstikke [ómir sýredi]. Yagma men qarlúqtar batysqa qaray. Kadja men arak – ontýstik-batys pen ontýstik aralyghynda» [11,212]. Sonday-aq, Marvaziyde jazylghan: «olar (sarlar) kósemining esimimen belgili, al ol - basmyl» [5,139].

Sonymen qatar, Marvaziyding mәlimetterin Madjma al Ansab degen (1330 jj. jazylghan enbeginde) Muhammed Shebangaray qaytalaydy: «Týrikterding birinshi tobyn (firke)- kundar dep ataghan. (Olar) jayylymdyq jerding tapshylyghynan, óz mekenderin tastap, X. Ta elinen shyqqan. Týrikterding ekinshi tobyn (firke)- kailar dep ataghan. Týrikterding aldynghy tobyna qaraghanda, búlardyng sany kóbirek. Olardy óz jerlerinen yghystyrghanda, olar Armyan tenizining jaghalauyna jaqyn pechenegter jerine qashyq Sarylar eline bas salady... Kimiktar soltýstikke qaray mekendeydi, al yagma men sarihter... Sarih (koum) halyq. Olar (sarihter) taudy mekendegen, al búl Altyn tau. Olar óz patshasyna qarsy shyghyp, Týrkistan elinen ketken. Olardyng keybireuleri islam eline keldi. Olar toghyz halyqtan(koum) túrdy: ýsh (top) dj. k. li, ýsh (top) haytli, bir (top) b. dav, bir (top) kukin men bir (top) k. s. r» [10, 23-24].

Muhammeda Shebangaraiyding búl mәlimetteri janalyq emesi týsinikti, onyng ýstine ol ony basqa avtorlardan aluy mýmkin. Mәlimetterden Muhammed Shebangaray Sarih halqy turaly jazghanyn kóremiz. Úqsas ýzindini biz Marvaziyden de kóremiz: «Olargha [týrikterge] qarlúqtar jatady. Olar Tunis [Tuliys]tauynda mekendegen, al búl tau altynnan. Olar toghyzoghyzdardyng qúly bolyp, olargha qarsy bas kótergen. Olar týrgeshter eline shyghyp, ony basyp alghan. Olar ony baghyndyryp, olardyng biyligin qúlatqan. Odan olar músylman elderine shyghady. Olar toghyz top:Ýsh [top] — djigili, ýsh— baskili, bir— búlaq, bir — kukyrkin men bir tuhsiy» [11,213]». Sarih halqyna qatysty Shebangaray pikirinde jazylghany: «Marvazy boyynsha: harluh (karluk), al Aufy men Shukrullahu boyynsha da, sariyh», onyng ýstine derek [7,408a] [12,67a] pen onyng audarmasyna silteme berilgen [1,106] [2,174].

Sonymen, sarih pen Karlúq ataulary sinonim retinde qoldanylatynyn kórdik. Qarlúqtardyng ru-taypalyq qúramy óte qyzyq: 3 top Chigili, 3 top Baskili (Marvazi, Aufy men Shebangaraiyde aitylmaytyn búl taypany biz Basmyl taypasymen tenestiremiz, yaghny Sarih halqyna enetin Baskili, búrmalanyp jazylghan Basmyl, Aufiyde Baskili búrmalanyp H.sky dep jazylghan), Bulak, Kukyrkiyn, Tuhsi. S.G.Klyashtornyy men D.M.Nasilov qarlúqtardyng qúramyna Chigili, Yagma, Tuhsy men orhon týrkilerining qalghandary kirgen dep sanaydy [9,307]. Hudud al Alamnyng mәlimetteri qyzyghushylyq tanytady: olardan batysqa qaray halluhtardyng shekarasy (yagma eli). Bulak – búl Yagma ruy [14]. Sonday-aq, Hudud al Alamda Yagma, Chigili, Tuhsy men Karluk [13] bólek sipattalghan, búl Chigili, Yagma men Tuhsy qarlúqtardyng qúramdas bóligi degen mәlimetke qayshy keledi.

A.G.Malyavkinning mәlimetin say, Qarlúqtar ýsh rudan qúralghan: Moulo (Moula), Chisy, Tashy (Tashili) [6,41].Búl jerde Moula men Bulakty (M-nyng B-gha auysuy týrki tilderinde jii kezdesetin qúbylys), Chis pen Chigiyl, sonday-aq, Tashil men Tuhsiydi tendestiruge bolady. Sonymen qosa, Ýsh qarlúq (ýsh karluk nemes ýsh qarlúq ruy) túraqty sóz tirkesi ekenin atap ótu qajet[8,249].

Ekinshi Týrik qaghanaty qúlaghannan keyin, Otuken aimaghyn mekendegen qúrlúqtar úighyrlargha baghynyp, al Altay tauy men Beshbalyq tóniregindegi qúrlúqtar ózderine ózi Yabgu taghayyndaghanyn A.G.Malyavkin jazghan. Keyin olar on taypa qaghanynyng jerine qonys audaryp, Suyab, Talas jәne basqa qalalardy iyemdendi [6, 1]. Qúrlúqtardyng 751 jyly Talas shayqasyna qatysqany mәlim. Sonymen, qarlúqtardyng bir toby Úighyr qaghanatynyng qúramynda qaldy, al ekinshi toby Týrgesh qaghanatynyng ornyna Jetisugha kelip, Qarlúq qaghanatyn qúrdy dep boljay alamyz.

Sonday-aq, Yabagu-qúrlúqtar turaly Gardiziyding mәlimetteri de qyzyghushylyq tanytady: «Halluhtar turaly aitqanda, búl Halluh týrik basshylarynyng biri bolghan. [Búl týrikter] bir jerden bir jerge auysa ergen; Halluhtyng sheshesi attyng ýstinde otyrghan. Aymaq shóleytti, Nókerlerining biri Halluhtyng sheshesine kelip, oghan zorlyq kórsetkisi kelgende, әiel ony qaharlanyp quyp jiberedi; týrki әielderining óte inabatty ekeni mәlim. Múny kórip, qoryqqan malay qashyp, toghyzoghyz eline hakannyng iyeligine keledi. Hakan adamdarynyng biri ony anshylyq jerinde eki kiyizben jamylghan suyq jerden tauyp alyp, oghan Yabagu esimin berdi. Sosyn ol ony hakangha alyp kelip; hakan onyng qylyghyn bilip qoyyp, búryn ózining iyeliginde bolghan Halluhtyng barlyq adamdaryn jinap, olargha osy Yabagudy basshy etip taghayyndaydy; al búl taypagha yabaghu-halluh atauyn beredi. Osydan keyin toghyzoghyz taypasyna Týrkistannan bir adam kelip, Yabaghu taypasynyng bir qyzmetshisine ghashyq bolyp, úrlap, ony Týrkistangha alyp ketedi. Týrkistan hany odan búl qyzmetshi-malaydy tartyp alyp, oghan jaqsy qarap, onyng tuystaryna úrlanghany turaly hat jazyp, olardy ózine shaqyrady. Olar kelgende, ol óndelgen jerding telimin berip, taypanyng qalghan bóligin de ózine shaqyrady. Búl habar taypanyng qalghan bóligine jetkende, barlyq taypa osynda keldi. Olardyng sany kóbeygen son, patsha olardy óz iyeliginde sheteldikter retinde jayghastyryp, olargha ... berdi., Olar osy jaghdayda Týrkistandyqtar Hakan halqyna shabuyl jasaghangha deyin ómir sýrdi; olar búl halyqtyng arasynda tanymal 12 basshyny óltirdi, hakandyqtar patshalyghynyng barlyghy halluhtardan shyqqan Chunpannyng (?)qolynda qaldy. Hakandyqtardyng ishinen songhy bolyp Hutuglan-hakan óltirildi; halluhtardyng ishinen birinshi bolyp taqqa Ilmalmasyn(?)-djabgue otyrdy. Biylik halluhtardyq qolynda qaldy. Týrkistanda osy yabagu-halluh taypasynan taraytyn taypalar kóp, alayda olar turaly mәlimet  habarsyz» [4,42-43].

 Taypalardyng qonys audaruy turaly mәselege oralyp, Mahmud Qashghary boyynsha, qonys audarugha jәne músylmandarmen soghysqa qatysqandar: Basmyldar, Djumuly, Kay jәne Budradj jylan halqynyng ókilderimen birge Yabagu taypasy ekenin atap ótken jón [1,190].

 S.G.Klyashtornyidyng aituynsha, Yabagu – búl shashy nemese jýni shatasyp qalghan adamdardy nemese maldardy ataytyn laqap [5,140]. Bizding pikirimizshe, Yabagu-qarlúq búl úighyrlargha baghynyp, keyin XIgh. Deshti-Qypshaqqa taypalardyng qonys audaruyna qatysqan qarlúqtardyng bir bóligining atauy. Mahmúd Qashghary boyynsha, Yabagu-qúrlúqtar dep jay Yabagy atalady. S.G.Klyashtornyidyng yabagu halqyn kundarmen tendestirui [5,140] az dәiektelgen.

Sonymen, XI gh. migrasiyasyna qatysqan qarlúqtardy әrtýrli derekterde әrtýrli ataytynyn kóremiz: Qarlúqtar, Sary (Sariyh), Yabagu. Sonymen qosa, Basmyldar (Marvazy boyynsha Baskili, Aufy boyynsha Hski) Sarylar (Sariyh) qúramya engenin atap ótken jón. Jogharyda aitylghannyng barlyghyn týiindey kele, XI gh. birinshi jart. migrasiyagha qatysqan taypalardyng kestesin jasaugha bolady (qimaqtar men kaylardyng sәikestigin biz aldynda qarastyrghanbyz):

Qoldanylghan әdebiyetter tizimi:

1. Hammer I. Sur les origines russes St.-Petersbourg, 1825.

2. Hazai G. Les manuscrits, conserves a Sofia, des remaniements medievals de Marvazi et Aufi. — Acta Orientalia, t. VIII, fasc. 2-3, Budapest, 1957.

3. Ahinjanov S. M. «Kypchaky v istoriy srednevekovogo Kazahstana» Almaty. Gylym, 1995. 296 c.

4. Izvlechenie iz sochiyneniya Gardizy "Zayn al-ahbar". Prilojenie k "Otchetu o poezdke v Srednuu Azii s nauchnoi seliu. 1893-1894 gg." // Akademik V. V. Bartolid. Sochiyneniya, Tom VIII. Raboty po istochnikovedenii. M. Nauka. 1973. S. 23-62.

5. Klyashtornyy S.G., Savinov D.G. Stepnye imperiy drevney Evrazii. Seriya: Istoricheskie issledovaniya Sankt-Peterburg Filologicheskiy fakulitet SPbGU 2005. 346 s.

6. Malyavkin A.G. Tanskie hroniky o gosudarstvah Sentralinoy Azii. Teksty y issledovaniya. Novosibirsk. Nauka. 1989 g. 432 s.

7. Muhammad Aufi. Djamiy’ al-hekayat va lavamy ar-rivayat (na pers, yazyke). Rukopisi biblioteky iym. M. E. Saltykova-Shedrina, PNS-232.

8. Nasilov D.M. Karluky u Mahmuda Kashgarskogo// Turkologicheskiy sborniyk. 2009-2010: Turkskie narody Evraziy v drevnosty y srednevekovie. Vostochnaya liyteratura. Moskva. S. 249-258.

9. Nasilov D.M. Pyati yazykov u Mahmuda Kashgarskogo// Turkologicheskiy sborniyk. 2011-2012. Politicheskaya y etnokuliturnaya istoriya turkskih narodov y gosudarstv. Vostochnaya liyteratura. Moskva. S. 285-310.

10. Novoe izvestie o srednevekovyh turkah (perevod Agadjanova S.G.) // Izvestiya AN TurkmSSR. Seriya obshestvennyh nauk, № 6. 1965

http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus17/Schebangarai/text2.phtml?id=12992

11. Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Marvazi. Glava o turkah (perevod V. Hrakovskogo) // Trudy sektora vostokovedeniya, Tom 1. AN KazSSR. 1959. C. 208-218. http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus17/Marvazi_Tahir/frametext1.htm

12. Shukrullah Ibn Shihab-ad-Din Ahmed. Bahdjat at-tavarih (na pers, yazyke). Rukopisi Instituta narodov Azii, S-1818.

13. http://odnapl1yazyk.narod.ru/hududalal.htm

14. http://odnapl1yazyk.narod.ru/yagma.htm

Jaqsylyq  Sabitov.

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