Baljan Habdina. «Ruh-Saray» - Alash qozghalysy tarihynan syr shertedi
Jaqynda «QazAqparat» baspasynan jazushy Beybit Qoyshybaevtyng «Ruh-Saray» tanymdy tuyndylar toptamasynyng kezekti 4-shi tomy shyqty. Oghan «Jekpe-jek» jәne «Mәngi bastau» atty eki derekti shygharma enipti. Ghylymiy-kórkem janrda jazylghan osynau qos hikayada monarhiyanyng qúlauy qarsanyndaghy qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng key qyry, atap aitqanda, últ ziyalylarynyng sol tústaghy el qorghany bolugha tyrysqan әreketteri, sonday-aq imperiya biyligining jogharghy eshalonyndaghy tartystar jәne Aqpan revolusiyasynan bastap túnghysh Qazaq avtonomiyasy jariyalanghangha deyingi uaqyttarda oryn alghan manyzdy oqighalar bayandalady.
Qazaqtyng azattyq jolyndaghy qozghalysynyng tarihyn, әsirese Alash kýreskerlerining ómir jolyn býginde júrtshylyqtyng birshama biletinine kýmәn joq. Degenmen búl kitap edәuir tyng janalyghymen erekshelenedi. Ol últtyq qozghalys janasha óristegen 16-17-shi jyldardaghy qiyn-qystau zamannyng naqty kelbetin oqyrmannyng kóz aldyna әkelip, sayasy tynys-tirshilikting bel ortasynda jýrgen tarihy qayratkerlermen jýzdestiredi. Kitap tarihy qayratkerlerding eldik múratty kózdegen isterin jәne olar tújyrymdaghan qoghamdyq-sayasy oidy janghyrtuymen, tiyisinshe, oqyrmangha otan tarihynyng belgili de belgisiz betterinen tanymdy maghlúmattar beruimen baghaly dep oilaymyz.
Jaqynda «QazAqparat» baspasynan jazushy Beybit Qoyshybaevtyng «Ruh-Saray» tanymdy tuyndylar toptamasynyng kezekti 4-shi tomy shyqty. Oghan «Jekpe-jek» jәne «Mәngi bastau» atty eki derekti shygharma enipti. Ghylymiy-kórkem janrda jazylghan osynau qos hikayada monarhiyanyng qúlauy qarsanyndaghy qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng key qyry, atap aitqanda, últ ziyalylarynyng sol tústaghy el qorghany bolugha tyrysqan әreketteri, sonday-aq imperiya biyligining jogharghy eshalonyndaghy tartystar jәne Aqpan revolusiyasynan bastap túnghysh Qazaq avtonomiyasy jariyalanghangha deyingi uaqyttarda oryn alghan manyzdy oqighalar bayandalady.
Qazaqtyng azattyq jolyndaghy qozghalysynyng tarihyn, әsirese Alash kýreskerlerining ómir jolyn býginde júrtshylyqtyng birshama biletinine kýmәn joq. Degenmen búl kitap edәuir tyng janalyghymen erekshelenedi. Ol últtyq qozghalys janasha óristegen 16-17-shi jyldardaghy qiyn-qystau zamannyng naqty kelbetin oqyrmannyng kóz aldyna әkelip, sayasy tynys-tirshilikting bel ortasynda jýrgen tarihy qayratkerlermen jýzdestiredi. Kitap tarihy qayratkerlerding eldik múratty kózdegen isterin jәne olar tújyrymdaghan qoghamdyq-sayasy oidy janghyrtuymen, tiyisinshe, oqyrmangha otan tarihynyng belgili de belgisiz betterinen tanymdy maghlúmattar beruimen baghaly dep oilaymyz.
Kitapqa engen tuyndylardyng alghashqysynda - «Jekpe-jekte» - imperiya biyligining ókili men otar el azamaty 1916 jylghy halyq narazylyghynyng sebep-saldarlary jayynda súhbattasady. Múnda IV Memlekettik duma tóraghasy Rodzyanko aldyna kelgen qazaq zangeri, II Memlekettik duma mýshesi Qarataevtyng ýkimetke qatysty syny sózderinen onyng kózqarasynda óz oiymen ýndestik baryn tanyrqay andap, biylikting irip-shiru tabighatyn qynjyla payymdaydy. Sóitip, shet aimaqtaghy qazaqtar ereuilining patsha taghyn shayqay týskenin imperiya shonjary aiqyn týisinedi...
Qazaq halqynyng 16-shy jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisi imperiyadaghy Aqpan revolusiyasyna úlasqany mәlim. «Mәngi bastauda» samoderjaviyeni tarih qoqysyna ysyrghan sol úly tónkeriste joghary biyliktegi sheneunikter bastan keshken ahual әngimelengen. Onan Rodzyankonyng imperiyalyq biylik qúrylymyna týbegeyli ózgeris jasaudy kýittegen solshyl deputat Kerenskiy sekildi ózge de belgili sayasatkerlermen birge, II Nikolaydy taqtan týsiru әreketterining alghy sapynda túrghanyn kóremiz.
Jalpy, orys demokratiyasynyng biylikke jeter joldaghy is-qimyldary men Álihan Bókeyhanov, Mústafa Shoqaev syndy qazaq qayratkerlerining olargha barynsha senip, birge әreket etken kezenderi, últtyq qozghalystyng samoderjavie qúlaghannan keyingi janasha óristeui, sonyng nәtiyjesinde Týrkistan jәne Alash avtonomiyalary sekildi últtyq memlekettik qúrylymdardyng ómirge kelui «Mәngi bastauda» tartymdy da qyzyqty suretteledi. Sayasy oqighalarmen buyrqanghan Petrograd, Omby, Orynbor, Oral, Tashkent, Qoqandaghy revolusiyashyl qayratkerler, batystaghy maydan shebinde soghystyng qara júmysyn istep jatqan júmysshylar men olargha qyzmet kórsetuge kelgen últtyq intelliygensiya ókilderi jayynda tanymdy oilar aitylady.
Toptamanyng birinshi kitabyndaghy (2004) «Ansau» romany otar eldegi últtyq qozghalystyng alghashqy qadamdaryn, ekinshi tomyndaghy (2007) «Tamyr» - birinshi orys revolusiyasynyng dýmpuimen Resey imperiyasynda tughan músylman qozghalysy jәne oghan qazaqtardyng qatysuyn, «Aybat» - alghashqy halyqtyq revolusiyany quana qabyldaghan últ qayratkerlerining qazaq dalasynda qoghamnyng bolashaq ýlgisin qúrudaghy is-әreketterin, ýshinshisindegi (2008) «Aq bata» - túnghysh Memlekettik Dumagha júrt qatarly qazaqtyng da ýlken ýmit artuyn, «Múnara» - jer-jerden kelgen halyq ókilderining jasampaz ózgeristerdi parlamenttik jolmen jýzege asyrugha úmtyluyn beyneleytin. Yaghny «Ruh-Saraydyn» atalghan etudteri Alash qozghalysynyng dýniyege kelu jәne óristeu baghyttaryn kórsetetin. Al tórtinshi tomgha (2010) engen «Jekpe-jek» últtyq qozghalystyng 1916 jylghy 25 mausym jarlyghyna oray shiryqqan bir sәtin, «Mәngi bastau» onyng 17-shi jyldyng úzyna boyynda kýrdeli damu soqpaqtarynan ótip, qily aitys-tartys, kýresten song túnghysh últtyq avtonomiya qúrumen týiindelgenin suretteydi.
«Ruh-Saray» toptamasynyng atalghan shygharmalarynda Ismayyl Gaspraly, Rashid Ibragimov, Serәli Lapiyn, Sәlimgerey Jantóriyn, Ghúbaydolla Jәngirhanov, Timofey Sedelinikov, Jaqyp Aqbaev, Álihan Bókeyhanov, Baqytjan Qarataev, Kólbay Tógisov, Ghayaz Ishakov, Zәky Validov, Mústafa Shoqaev, Jansha Dosmúhamedov, basqa da kóptegen tarihy túlghalardyn uaqyt talabynan tuyndaghan kózqarastary, sayasy arenadaghy is-әreketteri men pikir qaqtyghystary, ozyq qoghamdyq-sayasy oy ýlgileri jәne qogham kelbetin ózgertip jibergen irgeli oqighalar algha tartylady. Oily oqyrmandy, tәuelsiz el intelliygentin atalghan toptama etudteri, әsirese, baspadan biyl shyqqan kitaptaghy «Jekpe-jek» pen «Mәngi bastau» tarihymyzdy býgingi kýnmen sabaqtastyryp qaraugha jetelep, qazirgi jәne keleshektegi damu jayynda tolghantary sózsiz. Alash-Orda haqynda tereng biluge septesetin búl shygharmalardy avtor alghysózinde jana seriyanyn etudteri retinde ataghanmen, olar toptamanyng alghashqy seriyasyndaghy Alash qozghalysynyng bastapqy kezenderin tilge tiyek etken әngimelerining zandy qorytyndysy ispetti әser etedi.
Alash avtonomiyasyn jazushy «Mәngi bastaudyn» epiloginde «úzaq ta kýrdeli, qiyn-qystauly damu joly bastalghan búlaq», bizding býgingi zamandastarymyz ýlgi alatyn «otanshyldyqtyng әlippesi, otansýigishtikting qaynar kózi» dep baghalaydy. Toptama bederlep kele jatqan Alash qozghalysy epopeyasymen tanysqan sayyn onyn, shynynda, avtor aitqanday, el mýddesin kózdegen keyingi dәuirdegi kýlli ózgeristing tamyzyghy ekenine kózing jete týsedi.
«Abay-aqparat»