Býgingi kýni shet elderde alty milliongha juyq qazaq bar bolsa, sonyng bir milliongha juyghy Resey Federasiyasynda túrady. Reseyding Qazaqstanmen shekaralas oblystarynda túratyn qazaqtardy diaspora emes, irredent dep ataghanymyz jón. Sebebi, demografiya ghylymy boyynsha óz elinen ózge jerlerge qonys audarghan shashyranqy nemese top bolyp otyrghan etnostordy diaspora dep ataytyn bolsaq, al irredent dep ózge memlekette túrghanmen, ózining tarihi  atamekeninde otyrghan últ shoghyryn aitamyz. Endeshe ózining bayyrghy ata qonysynda otyrghan Reseyding Astrahani, Saratov, Orynbor, Samara, Chelyabi, Qorghan, Omby oblystarymen birge, Tauly Altaydaghy Qosaghash audanyn meken etken qazaqtar diaspora emes, irredent bolyp tabylady. Biz býgingi shygharmamyzda Tauly Altay Respublikasyndaghy Qosaghash audanyndaghy qazaqtardyng ótken tarihy men býgingi tynys-tirshiligi haqynda sóz etpekpiz.

Býgingi kýni shet elderde alty milliongha juyq qazaq bar bolsa, sonyng bir milliongha juyghy Resey Federasiyasynda túrady. Reseyding Qazaqstanmen shekaralas oblystarynda túratyn qazaqtardy diaspora emes, irredent dep ataghanymyz jón. Sebebi, demografiya ghylymy boyynsha óz elinen ózge jerlerge qonys audarghan shashyranqy nemese top bolyp otyrghan etnostordy diaspora dep ataytyn bolsaq, al irredent dep ózge memlekette túrghanmen, ózining tarihi  atamekeninde otyrghan últ shoghyryn aitamyz. Endeshe ózining bayyrghy ata qonysynda otyrghan Reseyding Astrahani, Saratov, Orynbor, Samara, Chelyabi, Qorghan, Omby oblystarymen birge, Tauly Altaydaghy Qosaghash audanyn meken etken qazaqtar diaspora emes, irredent bolyp tabylady. Biz býgingi shygharmamyzda Tauly Altay Respublikasyndaghy Qosaghash audanyndaghy qazaqtardyng ótken tarihy men býgingi tynys-tirshiligi haqynda sóz etpekpiz.

Qosaghash Ontýstik Sibir aimaghyna jatatyndyqtan tabighaty qatal ónir sanalady. Qys mezgilinde ortasha suyqtyq 32 gradus 0 tómen bolady. Al, kýnning suyqtyghy qaharyna mingende 50-60 gradusqa deyin tómendeydi. Klimaty qonyrjay kontiynenttik. Jazy qysqa jәne salqyn. Búl ónir Altay tauynyng eng biyik shyny Múztaudyng teriskeyinde bolghandyqtan, shamamen teniz dengeyinen 2000-2500 metr biyiktikte ornalasqan («Kazahy Altaya». O.V. Nechiporenko, D.D. Eshpanova). Qosaghash - Tauly Altay Respublikasynyng ontýstik shyghysyndaghy Shýy men Ýkók jazyghyna ornalasqan audan. Soltýstik shyghysy Tuva Respublikasy, tu shyghys beti Mongholiyanyng Bayan Ólgey aimaghy, ontýstigi Qytaydyng Altay ólkesi men Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysymen shektesedi. Halqynyng sany 17,5 myn. Onyng shashamen 60 payyzyn qazaqtar qúraydy.

Qosaghash ónirinde qazaqtardyng qay uaqyttan beri túratyndyghy turaly naqty tarihy derekter joqtyng qasy. Qosaghash audandyq últtyq-mәdeny ortalyqtyng tórayymy Besaydar Alashqyzynyng «Shýy jerindegi qazaqtar» atty maqalasynda: «Tauly Altay ónirining Ontýstigi sanalatyn Shýy alqabyna qazaqtar HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghynda yaghni, 1870 jyly kóship kelgen» («Altyn Besik» jurnaly. 2/2004) degen derekti aityp ótedi. 2007 jyly Novosibirski qalasynan shyqqan «Tauly Altay Qazaqtary» atty mәdeniy-tanymdyq ensiklopediyada: «...1860 jyldyng ayaq sheninde ór Altaydaghy Qaratay atanyng mekeni Shabanbaydy, Marqakóldi patsha ýkimeti menshiktegennen keyin Shәkirtting úly әkesi Qaldeke, óz әkesi Abdollalar 300-400-dey týtin aghayyndaryn bastap qәzirgi Qytay jerindegi qazaqtardyng arasyna baryp Shingil boyyn birer jyl panalaydy. Ol jerding tarlyghynan Mongholiya jaqtaghy qazaqtar arasyna ótip, onan ainalyp Tauly Altaydaghy ózderi biletin Ýkók dalasyna kórshiles Shýy ózenining teriskey jaghasyndaghy jazyqqa kelip oryn tebedi» degen mәlimet aitylady. Búl songhy mәlimet te, qazaqtardyng Qosaghashqa kóship kelu tarihyn tolyq qamty almaydy. Degenmen, búl derek múndaghy qazaqtardyng bir bóligining Qosaghashqa Batys Mongholiya arqyly kóship kelgendigin bildiredi. Belgili tarihshy G.E. Grumm-Grjimaylo: «Qytaydaghy 1850 jylghy Taypin jәne 1862 jylghy Dýngen kóterilisining janshyluynan keyin Shynjan qazaqtarynyng bir bóligi Batys Mongholiyagha qonys audarugha mәjbýr boldy. Sebebi, Sini ýkimeti «Janadan qoldanatyn jer» reforamsy boyynsha kóterilisshilerge batys ólkeden jer bólip berdi. Osydan keyin Shynjandaghy qazaqtar mekendeytin keybir jerlerge qytay, dýngen, sarttardy qonystandyrdy. Olardyng kóship keluimen qazaqtargha mal jayylymy tarlyq etip, olardyng bir bóligi Batys Mongholiyagha qonys audardy» (G.E. Grumm-Grjimaylo «Zapadnaya Mongoliya». Aud: M.I) degen mәlimetti keltiredi. Búl derekti Z. Qiyanattyng «Monghol qazaqtary» atty ghylymy maqalasy quattay týsedi. Z. Qiyanat aghamyz jogharydaghy Grum-Grjimaylonyn   deregin qolday kele qosymsha mynanday derekterdi algha tartady: «1791 jylghy Abaq Kereyding hany Kógeday men Sini patshasynyng arasyndaghy «Sary noqtanyng aty» kelisimsharty boyynsha jylyna qazaqtar Sini ýkimetine 1000 jylqy kóleminde salyq tóleytin. Búdan basqa belgili adamdardyng asyn beru jәne el biyleushilerge tartu-taralghy, sonday-aq, rulastarynyng aiyp qúnyn kóteru sekildi salyq týrleri bar bolatyn. Búl jaghday kýngey Altaydy mekendeytin qazaqtargha auyr tiyip, múndaghy keybir rular Batys Mongholiyagha qonys audardy. Sonday-aq, 1850 jyldardan bastap Sini ýkimeti kýngey Altaydaghy qazaqtargha Uan, Tәiji, Ýkirday, Zalyn, Zәngi degen bes satydan túratyn әkimshilik jýieni engizdi. Osy jýiemen keliskisi kelmegen keybir qazaqtar Batys Mongholiyagha aua kóshti. Búdan basqa 1869 jyly kýngey Altay ónirinde qys qatty bolyp búnyng ayaghy jútqa ainaldy. Júttan aman qalu ýshin qazaqtardyng bir bóligi teriskey Altaygha qonys (Batys Mongholiya) audarghan».

Tauly Altay qazaqtary ensiklopediyasyndaghy: «1860 jyldary ór Altaydaghy Naymannyng Sarghaldaq-Qaratay atasynyng 300-400-dey týtini Mongholiyany basyp ótip Tauly Altaydaghy ózderi biletin Ýkók jәne Shýy ózenining teriskey jaghasyndaghy jazyqqa kelip oryn tepti» degen mәlimet, Z. Qiyanat aghamyzdyng «Monghol qazaqtary» atty maqalasynda kórsetip otyrghan deregimen uaqyt jәne sayasy ahual túrghysynan  da tolyghymen sabaqtasady. Bizding búl derekti qoldaumyzdyng sebebi de, býgingi Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng basym kópshiligi jogharyda aitylghan Naymannyng Sarghaldaq-Qaratay atasy bolyp tabylady.

Al, Qosaghashqa Abaq Kereyding keybir rularynyng kóship kelui Batys Mongholiyada bolghan ataqty 1912 jylghy «Jalama aidaghan» oqighasyna baylanysty bolghan. Búghan terenirek toqatalatyn bolsaq. Resey patshalyghy 1911 jylghy Qytay reformatory Sun Yasinining otarshyldyghyna qarsy syrtqy Mongholdyng últ-azattyq qozghalysyn óz paydasyna sheshkisi keldi. Edil boyyndaghy qalmaqtardan Dambiyjansan degen arnayy oqudan ótken ózderining tynshysyn Jonghar handyghynyng eng songhy qontayjysy Ámirsananyng úrpaghy degen daqpyrt taratyp, ony Batys Mongholiyagha attandyrady. Mongholdardyng lamaizm nanymy boyynsha renkornasiya (qayta tuu) senimi bar bolatyn. Batys monghol halqy osy senimining negizinde Dambiyjansannyng payda boluyn Ámirsananyng qayta tuyluy dep qabyldap, onyng sonynan eredi. Monghol arasynda Dambiyjansan Ja¢lama (bas molda) degen diny atty iyelenip, Batys Mongholiyada Reseyge vassal bolatyn jana memleket qúrmaqshy bolady. Jalama 1912 jyly Ýsh Sengirge kelip múndaghy qazaqtyng iygi jaqsylary Qylan, Arsalan, Orazbek, Barlam, Kýlketaylarmen jiyn ozdyrady. Ondaghy maqsaty Batys Mongholiyada ózi qúrmaq bolghan memleketke Altaydaghy Abaq Kerey men Naymannyng keybir rularyn qosyp alu bolatyn. Jalama ózine qarsy shyqqqan Arsalan, Aqymbek, Ýmitaylardy qatang jazalaydy. Qylandy qazaqtargha basshy etip taghayyndap, qazaqtardy Batys Mongholiyadaghy Handgayt jәne Tuvagha qarasty Tohlogqa deyingi aimaqqa qonystandyrudy kózdeydi. Qazaq kóshi Órikti kól degen jerge kelgende Kórimbay batyrdyng basshylyghymen tútqiyldan kóterilis jasap, Jalamanyng әskerin tas-talqan etedi. Jalamanyng ózi әzer qashyp qútylady. Kóterilisten keyin Abaq Kereyding keybir rulary Reseyge qarasty Qosaghashtyng bos jatqan Shýi, Jazotyr, Aqsay alqabyna bet búrady» (Ý. Qúrmanbayúly, Sh. Rahmetúly. Mongholiyadaghy Qazaq halqy.). Osylaysha, Mongholiya qazaqtary ýshin «Aqtaban shúbyryndy» bolyp tabylatyn «Jalama aidaghan» oqighasynan keyin Abaq Kereyding keybir rulary Qosaghashqa qonys tepti.

Jogharydaghy derekter Qosaghashqa qazaqtardyng bertindegi qonystanuynan habar beredi. Al, Qosaghashty qazaqtyng ataqonysy deuge búl tarihy mәlimetter jetkiliksiz. Zadynda, Qosaghashty 1801 jyly Biysk qalasynyng orys kópesteri salghan. Qosaghash óniri Batys Mongholiya jәne Qytaymen shektesetindikten Resey patshalyghy múnda shekara zastavasyn qúrghan. Sol kezderi Orys, Qytay, Monghol sauda kerueni Shýy jazyghymen jýrip ótetin. Shýy jazyghy Mongholiya men Qytaygha aparatyn tóte joldardyng biri bolghandyqtan, orys kópesteri Qosaghashty sauda kerueni ayaldaytyn beket retinde tandap alghan. Al, Qosaghash audanynyng Ýkók jazyghyn ejelden qazaqtar mekendeytin. Búl haqynda zerttenushi T. Shanbay: «Ýkók qonys-shatqal kezinde Shynghystay bolysyna, keyinnen Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna qarap túrghan, alayda jer qatynasy qiyn degen jeleumen bir kezderi Altay ólkesine ótip ketipti. Jermen birge ata-baba qonysynda halyq ta qalyp qoyghan» (Tauly Altay Qazaqtary ensiklopediyasy. 550 bet) degen derekti algha tartady. Zertteushining búl mәlimeti ejelden Qosaghashtyng qazaqtardyng ata-mekeni bolyp kelgendigin anghartady.

Qosaghash qazaqtardyng erteden kele jatqan jayylymy bolghanmen, jogharydaghy 1870 jyldardaghy Naymannyng Sarghaldaq-Qaratay atasynyng 300-400-dey týtini, 1912 jylghy «Jalama aidaghan» oqighasynan keyingi Abaq Kereyding keybir rulary kóship kelgen. Sonymen birge, 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilis kezinde Marqakól men Zaysandaghy Naymandar kóship kelip, múndaghy qazaqtardyng sanyn úlghayta týsken. Búlay deytin sebebimiz, Tauly Altay Qazaqtary ensiklopediyasynda 1900 jylgha deyingi tuylghan biraz qazaqtardyng Marqakól men Zaysannan kóship kelgendigi aitylady.

Qosaghash audanyn qazaqtyng ataqonysy deuimizding taghy bir sebebi, Tauly Altay qazaqtarynyng pir tútar azamaty Shәkir qajy Abdollaúly 1911 jyly Batys Sibir generel- gubernatoryna aryz jazyp jýrip P-Bie bolysyn qúrghan (Tauly Altay Qazaqtary ensiklopediyasy. 567 b). Keyin, Qosaghash bolystyghy Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna shalghay ornalasqandyqtan, 1922 jyly Resey Federasiyasy qúrylghanda Tauly Altay Respubliksyna qaraytyn bolyp sheshilgen. Osydan bastap, Qazaqtyng soltýstik shyghysyndaghy tau túrpatty tabighaty kórkem, jer-jayylymy qúiqaly Shýy jәne Ýkók jazyghy jat júrttyqtargha qoldy boldy.

Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng Kenestik Ýkimet kezenindegi ómir tarihy Qazaqstanmen taghdyrlas boldy. Qosaghash qazaqtary da 1918-1920 jyldardaghy aq pen qyzyldyng arasyndaghy qandy qyrghyndy, 1930 jyldardaghy bay-manaptyng mýlkin tәrkileu kezindegi qudalaudy, 1937 jylghy últ ziyalylaryn qynaday qyrghan zobalandy, 1941-1945 jyldar arasyndaghy Úly Otan soghysy kezindegi auyr kýnderdi basynan keshirdi (Qaranyz: Tauly Altay Qazaqtary Ensiklopediyasyndaghy: Jeke adamdar bólimi).

Soghystan keyingi jyldary Qosaghash audanynyng әleumettik jaghdayy birshama týzelip, ayanbay etken qajyrly enbekting arqasynda halyqtyng túrmysy jaqsara týsedi. Qosaghash audanynyng halqy negizinen auyl sharuashylyghymen shúghyldanady. Onyng ishinde qoy, siyr, jylqy, týie sharuashylyghy damyghan. Nobasibir, Tomsk, Omby jәne Qazaqstannyng irgeli oqu oryndarynda oqyghan azamattar Qosaghashtyng auyl sharuashylyghyn órkendetuge óz ýlesterin qosady. Keybir kóktemde su tasqyny jýretin jylghalargha jaqyn ornalasqan Aqtal sekildi auyldardy qauypsyz dónes jerlerge kóshirip Janaauyl, Ortalyq sekildi jana eldi-mekenderding negizin qalaydy. Jalpy audan ortalyghy Qosaghashtan basqa Tóbeler, Tashanty, Jazotyr, Janauyl, Ortalyq, sekildi taza qazaq auyldary bar. Búdan basqa Tólengit-Sarytoghay, Múqyr-Tarqata, Kokorya sekildi auyldarda qazaqtarmen birge altaylyqtar jәne orystar aralas túrady. Audanda ongha tarta orta jәne birneshe bastauysh mektepter bar. Mektepter orys tildi, biraq, qazaq tili men әdebiyeti pәni aptasyna 4-5 saghattan oqytylady. Qazaq diasporasy mәselesimen zerttenip jýrgen mamandardyng aituyna qaraghanda Resey qazaqtarynyng elu jasqa deyingilerining kópshiligi óz ana tilderinde sóiley almaytyn bolsa (A. Aytaly. Resey Qazaqtary.), Qosaghash qazaqtary jýz payyz enbektegen balasynan enkeygen kәrisine deyin óz ana tilderinde erkin sóiley alady. Búl Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng Reseydegi ózge qazaqtardan basty ereksheligi desek bolady. Sonymen birge, Qosaghash qazaqtary últtyq salt-dәstýri men diny senimge óte berik. Qәzirgi tanda Qosaghash, Janaauyl, Tóbeler, Tashanty auyldarynda janadan meshitter boy kótergen. Qosaghash qazaqtary Islam dinin ózderi ghana berik ústanyp qoymay, ózge últtargha da ýlgi bolyp keledi. Búnyng aiqyn kórinisi - býgingi kýni Qosaghashta qazaqtarmen qoyan-qoltyq aralas túratyn jýzge tarta altay últynyng ókilderi Islam dinin qabyldaghan.

Kenes ýkimeti ydyraghannan keyingi ekonomikalyq daghdarys kezinde Qosaghash qazaqtary alghashqyda jana zamangha kóndige almay birshama abdyrap maldyng basyn kemitip aldy. Keyin birtindep naryqqa beyimdelgen qandastarymyz ata kәsip mal sharuashylyghymen qatar Bayan-Ólgey men Sibir qalalarynyng arasynda sauda-sattyq jasaudy qolgha aldy. Sonymen birge, Qosaghash qazaqtary songhy kezderi aghash óndeu jәne maral ósiru sharuashylyghyn damytudy qolgha alyp otyr. Býgingi kýngi Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng jalpy әleumettik túrmysyn týzu deuge bolady.

Qosaghash Qosaghash audanynyng әkimi Áuelhan Jatqambaev syndy últshyl azamattyng bastamasymen 2001 jyly «Dostyq» ýii shanyraq kóterip, keyin ol últtyq-mәdeny ortalyq bolyp qayta qúryldy. Búl ortalyqtyng tórayymy Besaydar Alashqyzy men osyndaghy jýregi últym dep soqqan ózge de azamattardyng últtyq baghytta jýieli týrde jýrgizip otyrghan mәdeny is-sharalary Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng tabighy bolmysynyng saqtaluyna óz septigin tiygizude. Atalmysh últtyq-mәdeny ortalyq Bayan-Ólgey jәne Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysymen tyghyz qarym-qatynas ornatqan. Sonymen birge, Nauryz jәne ózgede últtyq-diny meyramdardy óz dengeyinde ótkizuge úiytqy bolyp keledi.

Qosaghash qazaqtarynyng kóshpendi elding úrpaghy ekenin әrbir ýige bas súqqan sayyn kóz jetkizesiz. Ýileri aghashtan salynghanmen, ishi tús-kiyiz, syrmaq, qúraq kórpe, basqúr, uyq baular, qazaqy oiymen órnektelgen jastyqtar men keste-oramal, qorjyn, kebejemen kómkerilgen. Tórde jogharygha ilingen dombyra men ang terileri, túrmys búiymdarynan samauyryn, keli, kelsap, saptyayaq, torsyq, tútqysh, aghash saba men ojaudy kóresiz.

Qosaghash qazaqtary balany besikke salu, kindik sheshe atau, túsau kesu, til ashar, mýshel jasty toylau, qyz úzatyp, kelin týsiru, jasau beru, dýniyeden ozghan kisilerdi songhy sapargha shygharyp salu sekildi halqymyzdyng salt-dәstýrin erekshe atap ótedi. Jeti atagha deyin qyz alyspaydy. Bir qyzyghy tek Shymkenttikterge tәn dep jýretin qyz alyp qashu ýrdisi búnda keng etek jayghan.

Qosaghashtaghy últtyq-mәdeny ortalyqtyng «Miras» atty qazaq bólimi mәdeny janalyqtardy halyqqa jetkizip otyratyn «Shýy núry» atty gazet shygharuda. Sonymen birge, últtyq-mәdeny ortalyqtyng «Keruen» jәne «Miras» sekildi ansambli júmys isteydi. Songhy jyldary últtyq-mәdeny ortalyq qazaqtyng qólóner sheberligin qayta janghyrtu maqsatynda shaghyn sheberhana ashty. Býginde sheberhananyng shygharghan qólóner búiymdary týrli kórmelerge qoyylyp keledi.

Qosaghashtyqtar ózderining últtyq bolmysyn qaz-qalpynda saqtauymen Reseyding ózge irredent qazaqtaryna ýlgi bolatynday dәrejede. Múrty múzylmaghan kýii últ bolyp úiysyp otyrghan Qosaghash audanyn keshegi Reseymen shekarany delimitasiyalau kezinde Qazaqstangha qaytaryp alatyn-aq jónimiz edi. Endi, әtteng degennen basqa amalymyz joq. Áytse de, Ýkimetimiz Qosaghash degen elining baryn úmytpay, múndaghy qandastarymyzgha qoldan kelgen kómegin ayamaghany abzal. Alla alashqa jar bolyp, din aman bolayyq aghayyn!

«Abay-aqparat»