Konstitusiyamen 30 tamyz qarsanynda ghana emes, ýnemi “qauyshyp” otyruymyz kerek
Hamurapiyden qazirgi Qazaqstannyng Ata Zanyna deyin júmyr jer betinde qanshama zandar jasalyp, qanshasy kýshin joydy. Tipti, memleketterding ózderi de ózgeris ýstinde ómir sýredi. Kez-kelgen el halqynyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdayyn, el qorghanysyn nyghaytu maqsatynda zang qabyldaydy, alayda uaqyt ótuimen ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engiziledi. Búl da tarihy qajettilik. Alayda, әr kezende jasaghan adamdar sol zamannyng zanyn bilse, paydalansa útylmasy anyq.
Qazaq memlekettigining tarihynda dәstýrge negizdelgen, kóshpeli ómir mәdeniyetine ýilesimdi, qoghamynyng patriarhattyq-feodaldyq qúqyghynyng basty ústanymdary men normalaryn basshylyqqa alghan Qasymhannyng “Qasqa joly”, Esim hannyng “Eski joly” jәne “Jeti jarghynyn” qay-qaysy da zamanalardyng kýrmeui kóp mәselelerin sheship, el irgesin bekemdeude manyzdy ról atqardy. Osy tarihy kezenderde jasalghan dala zandary bir-birimen tamyrlas, mәndes bolyp, negizinen jer men jesir, әskery jәne qylmys, mýlik pen sharuashylyq ayasynda bolyp, el ishi men syrtyndaghy asa kýrdeli geosayasy jaghdayda memleketting ómir sýruin saqtap qaldy. Al qazirgi tanda elimizde 1400 shamasynda zandar men qúqyqtyq normalar bar. Qogham damydy, óndiristik jәne әleumettik, sayasiy-mәdeny qarym-qatynastar ózgerdi degenimizben, adamzattyng basty qúndylyqtarynyng ózgermeytinin eskergende, toqsan auyz sózdi tobyqtay týiinge syidyrghan ata-babalarymyzdyng danalaghy men daralyghyna tamsanamyz.
Zandardyng týp atasy sanalatyn - Konstitusiya memleketting tәuelsizdigi men demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtaryn aiqyndap, memleket qúrylymdarynyn, azamattardyn, últ pen úlystardyn, әleumettik toptardyng maqsat, mindetterin jәne qúqyqtaryn kórsetetin elding basty qújaty. Kenester Odaghy qúlaghannan keyin qazaq eli ózining eng alghashqy konstitusiyasyn 1993 jyly 28 qantar kýni qabyldaghan bolatyn. Alayda 1995 jyly 30 tamyz kýni onyng ornyna referendum ótkizu arqyly jana Ata Zang qabyldandy. Sodan býginge deyin Ata Zanymyzgha 1998, 2007 jәne 2011 jyldary ýsh ret ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizildi. Key azamattar AQSh pen salystyryp “Ata Zanymyz tym kóp ózgeredi” - dep aityp jatady. AQSh konstitusiyasy 1787 jyly 17 qyrkýiek kýni qabyldanghannan beri túraqty ómir sýrgenimen, ózgertuge qatysty myndaghan úsynystar men 27 ózgeristing oryn alghanyn bilemiz. Olardyng konstitusiyasyndaghy songhy ózgeris 1992 jyly engizildi. Biraq bir tanqalarlyghy búl úsynys sonau 1792 jyly Kongresske talqylaugha jiberilgen úsynyspen mәndes boldy. Búl kezdeysoqtyq pa әlde "Jogharghy biylik Qúdaydyng biyligimen daridy" - degen kózqarasty qúlatqan Tomas Djefferson men onyng serikterinin danalaghy ma?
Bizding aitpaghymyz, egemendigimizding aiqyn kuәsi әri nәtiyjesi bolghan, biz ýshin asa mәrtebeli osy konstitusiya kýnining qadir-qasiyeti turaly. Býgin, 30 tamyz “QR-nyng Konstitusiya kýni”. Ár bir azamat ózimiz oilanayyqshy, osy bir últ taghdyry men memleket mýddesin ardaq tútqan merekeni qalay qarsy alyp jýrmiz? Búl kýndi jәy demalys kýnderinen nesimen artyq kóremiz? Osy kýni ne isteuimiz kerek? “Mereke” - dep bekitilgen kýnderding bәrin toy-dumangha ainaldyryp jiberetin nemese ony jogharygha esep beruding nauqany retinde qabyldaytyn әdetimiz taghy bar. Sondyqtan әr dәrejeli atqarushy biylik óz dengeyinde osy merekening mәn-manyzyn, tarihyn, el tәuelsizdigindegi orny men rólin barynsha dәripteytin is-sharalardy túraqty týrde ótkizudi dәstýrge ainaldyru kerek. Oghan búqaralyq-aqparat pen mәdeniyet, sport salalary da at salysuy tiyis. Al mektepterde “Konstitusiya kýni” nemese “Konstitusiya jәne mәngilik el”, “Konstitusiya jәne ruhany janghyru” sekildi fakulitativtik sabaqtar men aptalyqtardy ýnemi úiymdastyryp otyrghany jón. Joghary oqu oryndarynda, barlyq mamandyqtargha “Memleket jәne Konstitusiya” - atty pәndi oqytudy qolgha alsa jaqsy bolar edi. Al әr-bir otbasy óz úrpaqtaryna Ata Zang ayasynda әngime qozghaudy әdetke ainaldyru da artyqtyq etpeydi. Mysaly, AQSh 1955 jyldan beri qyrkýiekting 17-23 aralyghyn “Konstitusiya Aptasy”, 2001 jyly 17 qyrkýiekti “Konstitusiya jәne Azamattyq kýni” retinde belgileui onyng manyzdylyghyn kórsetip otyr.
Memleket pen jeke azamattar Ata Zandy jәne ózge de manyzdy zandar men qúqyqtyq-normalardy mýmkindiginshe bildiru men biluge talpynuy qajet. Sonda ghana, óz qúqyghyn talap etetin azamattar, elding qúqyghyn saqtaytyn jәne qúrmet etetin atqarushy biylikting qyzmetkerleri men qúqyqqorghaushylar, adal kәsiby mamandar men bilikti basshylar, bәsekege qabiletti jas úrpaq qalyptasady. Eger olay bolmaghanda, qoghamda zansyzdyq oryn alyp, týbi elding kýireuine bastaydy. Joghary da aitqanymyzday, babalarymyz az sózben kóp týitkilding jónin taba bilgen. Sebebi, ol kezde “úyat, obal jәne sauap” - degen ýsh úly ruhany úghym әr qazaqtyng jýregine jazylyp, sanasynda saqtalghany sonsha, býgingining ata zanynan esh kem әser etpegen. Qazirgi ruhany qúndylyqtar qúldyraghan kezende, Hakim Abaydyng “Egerde esti kisilerding qatarynda bolghyng kelse, kýninde bir mәrte, bolmasa júmasynda bir, eng bolmasa aiynda bir, ózinnen ózing esep al”-degen danalyghyn basshylyqqa alyp, konstitusiyamen tek, jylyna bir ret, 30 tamyz qarsanynda ghana emes, ýnemi “qauyshyp” otyruymyz kerek. Búl bizding ózimizding de, ózgening de qúqyghy men mýddesin zandyq túrghyda qorghauymyz ben saqtauymyzgha iygi әser etip, sol babalar biyiginen kórinuimizge mýmkindik beredi. Basqa emes, Konstitusiyamyzdyng tek, birinshi bólim, birinshi babyna nazar salynyzshy, onda bylay jazylghan:
1. Qazaqstan Respublikasy ózin demokratiyalyq, zayyrly, qúqyqtyq jәne әleumettik memleket retinde ornyqtyrady, onyng eng qymbat qazynasy — adam jәne adamnyng ómiri, qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary.
2. Respublika qyzmetining týbegeyli prinsipteri: qoghamdyq tatulyq pen sayasy túraqtylyq, býkil halyqtyng iygiligin kózdeytin ekonomikalyq damu, qazaqstandyq patriotizm, memleket ómirining asa manyzdy mәselelerin demokratiyalyq әdistermen, onyng ishinde respublikalyq referendumda nemese Parlamentte dauys beru arqyly sheshu.
Mine, Konstitusiya bizge bәrin berip otyr. Osylardy sanana jazyp al da, óz qúqyghyndy qorghay bil, ózgelerding qúqyghyna qúrmetpen qara. Sonda ruhymyz da, janymyz da, tәnimiz de janghyrady.
Qaster Sarqytqan, Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU, Eltanu jәne turizm kafedrasy ústazy
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