2011 jyldyng 4 aqpanynda Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti merziminen búryn preziydenttik saylau 3 sәuirde ótkiziletindigin mәlimdedi. Búl mәlimdeme azamattar Preziydentting merzimin  2020 jylgha deyin úzartu turaly referendum ótkizuge bastama kótergennen keyin jasaldy.

Saylaugha bastapqy 22 ýmitkerding ishinen tórt kandidat qatysatyn boldy. Birqatar oppozisiyalyq partiyalar men kóshbasshylar talapqa say saylau ótkizuge mýmkindikterding joqtyghyn jәne saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizuge uaqyttyng tarlyghyn negizgi sebepter retinde keltirip, saylaugha qatyspau turaly sheshim qabyldady jәne/nemese baykot jariyalaugha ýndeu tastady.

Qazaq tili boyynsha mindetti synaq tapsyrudy qoldanuda kriyteriyler anyq bolmady jәne ýmitkerlerdi qoldaytyn qoltanbalardy tekserude ashyqtyq talaby saqtalmaghan.

Saylau turaly zangha jaqynda, 2009 jyly jәne 2011 jyldyng aqpanynda týzetuler engizildi. EQYÚ/DIAQB aldynghy kóptegen kenesteri jauapsyz qalyp otyr jәne qúqyqtyq bazada manyzdy kemshilikterding boluy jalghasuda.

2011 jyldyng 4 aqpanynda Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti merziminen búryn preziydenttik saylau 3 sәuirde ótkiziletindigin mәlimdedi. Búl mәlimdeme azamattar Preziydentting merzimin  2020 jylgha deyin úzartu turaly referendum ótkizuge bastama kótergennen keyin jasaldy.

Saylaugha bastapqy 22 ýmitkerding ishinen tórt kandidat qatysatyn boldy. Birqatar oppozisiyalyq partiyalar men kóshbasshylar talapqa say saylau ótkizuge mýmkindikterding joqtyghyn jәne saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizuge uaqyttyng tarlyghyn negizgi sebepter retinde keltirip, saylaugha qatyspau turaly sheshim qabyldady jәne/nemese baykot jariyalaugha ýndeu tastady.

Qazaq tili boyynsha mindetti synaq tapsyrudy qoldanuda kriyteriyler anyq bolmady jәne ýmitkerlerdi qoldaytyn qoltanbalardy tekserude ashyqtyq talaby saqtalmaghan.

Saylau turaly zangha jaqynda, 2009 jyly jәne 2011 jyldyng aqpanynda týzetuler engizildi. EQYÚ/DIAQB aldynghy kóptegen kenesteri jauapsyz qalyp otyr jәne qúqyqtyq bazada manyzdy kemshilikterding boluy jalghasuda.

Saylaudy Ortalyq Saylau Komissiyasy (OSK), 16 Territoriyalyq (oblystyq) Saylau Komissiyalary (TSK), 207 Audandyq jәne Qalalyq Saylau Komissiyalary (ASK) jәne shamamen 9,725 Uchaskelik Saylau Komissiyalary (USK) basqarady. OSK osy saylaugha belsendi týrde dayyndyq ótkizude  jәne ózine tikeley baghynyshty saylau komisssiyalaryna núsqaular berude. Saylau komissiyalarynda sayasy partiyalardyng ókilderi boluyna, sonymen birge kóp jaghdaylarda komissiya mýshelerining kópshiligi bir úiymnan alynuyna qatysty alandaushylyq ósti.

Tirkelgen saylaushylar sany shamamen 9.1 milliondy qúraydy. Saylaushylar ózderining tirkelgendigi turaly mәlimetterin saylaushylar tiziminen, sonymen birge  elektrondyq pochta arqyly teksere alady.

Resmy saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizu 3 nauryzda bastaldy. Ózi saylaualdy ýgitke qatyspay otyrghan qyzmettegi Preziydentting atynan saylaualdy ýgit jýrgiziluin aitpaghanda, osy uaqytqa deyin saylaualdy ýgit júmystary óte ústamdy týrde jýrgizilude. Shabuyl jasau oqighasyn qospaghanda, rúqsat berilgen baykot jariyalaugha shaqyrghan mitingter tynysh ótti.

Óz qyzmetine ózi senzura jýrgizuge әkeletin qúqyqtyq erejelerge baylanysty, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary mýmkindikteri shektelgen jaghdayda júmys isteude. Saylau turaly zang kandidattargha memleket esebinen bólinetin jәne tólenetin efir uaqyty jәne baspasóz betinen oryn beru arqyly tikeley habarlama jasaudy qamtamasyz etedi, alayda búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda, sonyng ishinde janalyqtar men aqparattyq baghdarlamalarda, saylau turaly aqparat habarlauyn tiyisti týrde rettemeydi.

OSK jәne sottar olargha týsken birneshe shaghymdardy qabyldamady nemese qarastyrudan bas tartty. Sottardyng shaghymdardy qarastyruy osy uaqytqa deyin ashyqtyq talabyna say emes bolyp keldi. Shaghymdardy qarastyru ýshin OSK taghayyndaghan júmys toby ýsh shaghymdy zang boyynsha talap etiletin OSK sheshiminsiz qabyldaudan bas tartty.

1 nauryzda EQYÚ/DIAQB Astanada Saylaudy baqylau missiyasyn ashty, onyng qúramyna 16 negizgi top mýshesi jәne eldegi 14 oblysqa joldanghan 28 úzaq merzimdi baqylaushylar kiredi.

II. kirispe

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaev, 2011 jyldyng 4 aqpanynda merziminen búryn preziydenttik saylaudy  3 sәuirde ótkizu turaly jarlyqqa qol qoydy. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Syrtqy Ister Ministrligining shaqyruyn alghannan keyin, EQYÚ Demokratiyalyq Instituttar jәne Adam Qúqyqtary boyynsha Burosy (EQYÚ/DIAQB) 1 nauryzda Saylaudy baqylau missiyasyn (SBM) qúrdy. Elshi Daan Everts basqaratyn EQYK/DIAQB SBM Astana jәne Almaty qalalarynda ornalasqan 16 negizgi top mýshesinen jәne 5 nauryzda  eldegi 14 oblysqa joldanghan 28 úzaq merzimdi baqylaushylardan túrady. EQYK/DIAQB SBM mýsheleri 27 EQYÚ-na mýshe memleketterden kelgen. Mýshe memleketterge dauys beruge, dauystardy sanaugha baqylau jasau ýshin 400 qysqa merzimdi baqylaushylardy jiberu turaly ótinish jasaldy.

III. Alghysharttar

Merziminen búryn preziydenttik saylau qyzmettegi Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng merzimin 2020 jylgha deyin úzartugha baghyttalghan jәne Parlament qoldaghan referendum ótkizu turaly azamattardyng bastamasy kóterilgendikten ótkiziletin bolyp otyr. Habarlanghan mәlimetter boyynsha 2010 jyldyng 26 jeltoqsany -  2011 jyldyng 14 qantary aralyghynda referendumdy qoldaytyn azamattardyng bes millionnan astam qoltanbalary jinalghan. 7 qantarda Preziydent Parlamentting referendum ótkizu turaly úsynysyn qabyldaudan bas tartty, biraq 14 qantarda Parlamentting palatalarynyng ekeui de Konstitusiyagha týzetu engizu turaly alghashqy Preziydentting lauazymdaghy merzimin úzartu turaly referendumdy ótkizuge negiz bolatyn zang qabyldady. Preziydent osy týzetulerding Konstitusiyagha sәikes bolu-bolmauy turaly alandaushylyq tanytyp, olardy Konstitusiyalyq Keneske joldady. 31 qantarda Konstitusiyalyq Kenes, zanda Preziydentting ókilettigining úzartylu merzimi anyq belgilenbegendikten, zang Konstitusiyagha sәikes emes degen qauly qabyldady. Osy qauly qabyldanghannan keyin Preziydent merziminen búryn saylau ótkizu turaly úsynys jasady. 3 qantarda Parlament Konstitusiyagha Preziydentke merziminen búryn saylaudyng kýnin belgileuge mýmkindik beretin týzetuler engizdi jәne kelesi kýni Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaev saylau kýnin 3 sәuirge belgiledi.

2005 jyly 4 jeltoqsanda ótkizilgen songhy preziydenttik saylauda qyzmettegi Preziydent 91.15 payyz dauys jinap jengen bolatyn, dauys berushilerding qatysuy 76.78 payyzdy qúrady. EQYK/DIAQB osy saylau turaly ózining qorytyndy esebinde «Saylaualdy kezende osy saylaudy ótkizu júmystaryn basqarudyng azdap jaqsartyluyna  qaramastan, saylau demokratiyalyq saylau ótkizuge qoyylatyn birqatar EQYÚ mindettemeleri jәne basqa halyqaralyq talaptargha say bolmady» degen qorytyndy shyghardy.

IV. QÚqyqtyq baza jәne saylau jýiesi

Saylau boyynsha qúqyqtyq bazagha Konstitusiya, Saylau turaly konstitusiyalyq zang (Saylau turaly zan), OSK sheshimderi jәne qaulylary kiredi. Basqa saylaugha qatysty zandargha, basqalarmen qatar, Sayasy partiyalar turaly zan, Qylmystyq kodeks, Ákimshilik qúqyq búzushylyq boyynsha kodeks, Azamattyq prosessualdyq kodeks jәne Beybit jinalystar turaly zang jatady. Konstitusiyademokratiyalyq saylaudy ótkizuge qajetti negizgi  azamattyq jәne sayasy qúqyqtardyng saqtaluyna kepildik beredi.

2011 jylghy aqpanda Konstitusiyagha jәne Saylau turaly zangha Preziydentke merziminen búryn saylaudy qysqa uaqyt ishinde jәne eshqanday tynghylyqty qoghamdyq talqylau ótkizbesten úiymdastyrugha mýmkindik beretin týzetuler engizildi. Saylau osy týzetuler qabyldanghannan song tek eki ay ghana ótkennen keyin ótkizilmek.[1]Saylau turaly zangha jaqynda, 2009 jyldyng aqpanynda engizilgen preziydenttik saylaugha qatysty basqa týzetuler, negizinen, bolmashy boldy.

Qúqyqtyq bazany jaqsartugha baghyttalghan EQYK/DIAQB birqatar aldynghy kenesteri  jauapsyz qalyp otyr. Manyzdy kemshilikterge kandidattardyng saylanu qúqyghyna shekten tys shekteuler qoyyluy, kandidattardyng qazaq tilin bilu dengeyin anyqtaugha baylanysty obektivti kriyteriylerding bolmauy, saylau komissiyalaryna tolyq jәne pluralistik týrde ókildikting kepildikterining bolmauy, saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizuge teng mýmkindikter boluyna kepildikter jetkiliksiz boluy, mitingter ótkizu bostandyghyna negizsiz shekteuler qoyyluy, sóz bostandyghyna shekten tys shekteuler qoyyluy, sonyng ishinde diffamasiya  men jәbirleuding qylmystandyryluy, anyqtyqtyng bolmauy, saylaudy ótkizu kezinde payda bolatyn dau-damaylardy sheshude tiyisti týrde qarastyru kepildikterining bolmauy.

Preziydent eki ainalymdyq majoritarlyq saylauda bes jyldyq merzimge saylanady. Birinshi ainalymda kanditattardyng eshqaysysyna 50 payyzdan joghary dauys berilmese,  eki aidyng ishinde saylaudyng ekinshi ainalymy ótkiziledi. Saylanghan túlgha eki kezekti merzimnen asa Preziydent lauazymynda qyzmet ete almaydy, alghashqy Preziydentting qyzmet ete alatyn merzimderining sany shekteusiz.

V. saylaudy basqaru

Saylaudy tórt dengeyli saylau komissiyalarynyng jýiesi basqarady, búl jýiege OSK, 16 TSK,[2] 207 ASK jәne 9,725 USK jatady. Saylau komissiyalarynyng әrqaysysy jeti mýsheden túrady jәne bes jylgha taghayyndalady, TSK, ASK jәne USK tek saylau kezenderi kezinde júmys isteydi. OSK Tóraghasy jәne eki mýshesi Preziydentpen taghayyndalady, al Senat jәne Mәjilis (Parlamentting tómengi palatasy) әrqaysysy eki OSK mýshesin taghayyndaydy. TSK, ASK jәne USK mýshelerin sayasy partiyalar úsynystary negizinde tiyisti Mәslihattar (Munisipaldyq kenester) taghayyndaydy.  Eger partiyalar úsynystaryn zandy merzim ishinde jasamasa, Mәslihattar qoghamdyq birlestikterden nemese jogharghy dengeyli saylau komissiyalarynan úsynylghan túlghalardy taghayyndaydy. Birqatar partiyalar EQYK/DIAQB SBM-na saylau komissiyalarynda ózderining ókilderining azdyghy turaly alandaushylyqtaryn  bildirdi. Saylau komissiyasynda ókilderi joq әrbir kandidat, sonymen birge partiyalar dauys beru qúqyghy joq mýsheni sәikes komissiyagha saylau merzimi ishinde jolday alady.

Zang boyynsha saylau komissiyasyna bir úiymnan alynghan túlghalardy engizuge bolmaydy. OSK osy erejeni tek jeti mýshening barlyghynyng bir úiymnan boluyna tyiym salu retinde týsindiredi. EQYK/DIAQB SBM saylau komissiyalarynyng sheshim qabyldaytyn manyzdy mýshelerining kópshiligi bir úiymnan boluy oryn alghan birqatar oqighalardy bayqady.

OSK saylaugha belsendi týrde dayyndyq jýrgizude, jalpy qauymgha ashyq jәne búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary ókilderi jәne baqylaushylar qatysatyn uaqytyly otyrystar úiymdastyrady, apta sayyn baspasóz mәslihattaryn ótkizedi jәne aqparattyq vebsaytty jýrgizedi. OSK tikeley baghynyshty komissiyalardyng dayyndyqtaryn ótkizdi jәne TSK, ASK jәne USK mýshelerine núsqaulyqtar men anyqtamalyqtar berdi. Sonymen birge OSK saylaushylardy saylau turaly habardar etuge baghyttalghan keng kólemdi sharalardy ótkizude.

VI. saylaushylardy tirkeu

Ákimdikter (Jergilikti atqarushy organdar) túrghyndardy esepke alugha jauap beretin organdardan týsken mәlimetter negizinde saylaushylardyng tizimderin jinaqtaugha jәne olardyng dәldigine jauapty. Ákimdikter jylynda eki ret 1 qantargha jәne 1 shildege qaray sәikes TSK-na elektrondyq nemese  jazbasha týrde  tirkelgen saylaushylar turaly mәlimetterdi tapsyrady. 2011 jyldyng 1 qantarynda shamamen 9 101 000 dauys qúqyghy bar saylaushylar tirkelgen.   OSK saylaushy azamattardyng birynghay elektrondyq Tirkeu tizilimin jýrgizedi, ony qosarlanghan tirkeu jazbalaryn anyqtaugha qoldanady. Qosarlanghan tirkeu turaly aqparat jәne basqa qateler әkimdikterge jiberiledi. Ákimdikter olardy mәlimetterdi tekseru jәne jóndeu ýshin qoldanady. Saylaushylardyng tizimderining dәldigin ósiru ýshin qosymsha әreketter jasaluda, OSK bastamasymen saylaushylar óz tirkeu mәlimetterin elektrondyq pochta arqyly teksere alatyn boldy. Saylau kýni túrghylyqty mekenjaylarynan alysta bolatyn saylaushylar syrttay dauys beru kuәligin alugha ótinish bere alady.

VII. kandidatty úsynu jәne tirkeu

Kandidat ózin ózi  úsynuyna bolady nemese ony qoghamdyq birlestik, sonymen birge sayasy partiya úsyna alady. Eger úsynylghan ýmitker Qazaqstanda tuyp ósken, eng keminde 40 jastaghy, qazaq tilin tolyq mengergen jәne Qazaqstanda songhy 15 jyl ishinde resmy týrde túrghan qazaqstandyq azamat bolsa,  úsynysty  OSK bekitedi. 16 kýndik úsynu kezeninen song úsynylghan kandidattar tirkelu ýshin 10 kýn ishinde qoldaushy azamattardyn, eng keminde, 91 010 zandy kýshi bar qoltanbalaryn tapsyrugha, shamamen 4000 Evrony qúraytyn saylau jarnasyn tóleuge jәne ózderining jәne júbaylarynyng salyq mәlimdemelerin tapsyrugha  tiyis boldy.

2 nauryzgha deyingi zandy merzimning sonyna deyin  OSK tórt kandidatty tirkedi. Bastapqy úsynylghan 22 ýmitkerlerding ishinen 5-i qazaq tili boyynsha synaqtan ótpedi jәne 4-i oghan qatystyrylmady, al taghy 5 ýmitker tirkeu merzimi sonyna deyin saylaugha qatysudan bas tartty. 2 nauryzda OSK tórt ýmitkerdi tirkeuden bas tartty, sebebi olar  qoldaushy azamattardyng zandy kýshi bar qoltanbalarynyng jetkilikti sanyn, salyq turaly mәlimdemelerin tapsyrmaghan jәne/nemese saylau jarnasyn tólemegen.

Kandidattardy tirkeu boyynsha qúqyqtyq erejelerdi aiqyndau turaly berilgen aldynghy EQYK/DIAQB kenesteri jauapsyz qalyp otyr. Sonymen qatar senimdi túlghalardy tirkeu mehanizmderining anyq emestigi qoltanbalardy jinastyru merzimin is jýzinde qysqartty.  Mysaly, keybir TSK ýmitkerlerden óz senimdi túlghalaryn tirkeu ýshin notarialdy týrde rastalghan ótinishter tapsyruyn talap etti, al basqalary әdettegidey jazylghan ótinishterdi qabyldady.

Qoltanbalardy tekseru erejelerining anyq emestigi  olardy oryndaudyng әrkelki boluyna әkelip soqty. TSK tekseru protokoldarynda qoltanbalardy zansyz dep tanu sebepteri kórsetilmegen jәne kandidattar nemese olardyng senimdi túlghalary kóp jaghdayda tekseru rәsimderine qatysugha shaqyrylghan joq. Bir ýmitker EQYK/DIAQB SBM-gha bir TSK-nyng qoltanbalar qoyylghan tizimdi tehnikalyq qateler[3]boluyna baylanysty qabyldaudan bas tartqandyghy turaly habarlady.

Qazaq tili synaghy keybir kandidattar ýshin saylaugha qatysugha kedergi boldy. EQYK/DIAQB aldynghy kenesterine qaramastan, synaqty ótkizu ýshin eshqanday anyq kriyteriyler belgilenbegen jәne OSK-men taghayyndalghan Lingvistikalyq komissiya óz qorytyndylaryn qanday negizde shygharghany jartylay týsiniksiz bolyp qalyp otyr.[4]

VIII.  saylaugha qatysushylar jәne saylaualdy ýgit jaghdaylary

Aldaghy preziydenttik saylaugha tórt kandidat qatysady: Núrsúltan Nazarbaev, qyzmettegi Preziydent jәne biyleushi Núr Otan partiyasynyng kóshbasshysy, Ghany Qasymov, Senat deputaty jәne Qazaqstan patriottary partiyasynyng kóshbasshysy, Jambyl Ahmetbekov, Qazaqstan Kommunistik halyqtyq partiyasynan jәne Mels Eleusizov, Qazaqstannyng «Tabighat» ekologiyalyq odaghynyng tóraghasy.

Birneshe oppozisiyalyq partiyalar jәne olardyng basshylary,  talapqa say saylau ótkizuge mýmkindikterding joqtyghyn jәne saylau turaly mәlimdemening qauyrt bolghandyghy jәne  merzimning qysqalyghy saylaualdy ýgit mýmkindikterining tensizdigine әkelgendigin algha tartyp,  saylaugha qatyspaytyndyghyn jariyalady. «Azat», «Aq jol», jәne «Ruhaniyat» siyaqty partiyalar saylaugha qatyspau turaly sheshim qabyldady, alayda  baykot jariyalaudan da tartyndy. «Narodovlastiye» (Halyq biyligi) blogyna birikken Kommunistik partiya jәne tirkelmegen «Algha» partiyasy, azamattyq qoghamdarmen birge saylaudyng zandylyghyna kýmәn keltirude jәne saylaugha baykot jariyalaugha shaqyruda. Olar Internetti jәne, sonyng ishinde, qoghamdyq toraptardy óz oilaryn halyqqa jetkizuding jәne narazylyq mitingterin úiymdastyrudyng qúraly retinde qoldanyp otyr.

Qyzmettegi Preziydent saylaualdy ýgitke jeke ózi qatyspau turaly niyetin jariya etti, búnyng sebebi retinde ózining 28 qantardaghy Halyqqa joldauynda onyng saylaualdy baghdarlamasy bayandalghandyghyn kórsetti. Ol ózining ýgit jýrgizu mindetin Núr Otan partiyasyna jýktedi. Osy uaqytqa deyin tek qyzmettegi Preziydent ýmitkerge baylanysty ýgit sharalary ghana kózge aiqyn týsip otyr. Preziydentting beynesi kórsetilgen bilibordtardy ilu arqyly azamattardy saylaugha shaqyrudyng әreketteri jasaluda jәne tanymal әnshiler Preziydentti qoldap sahnada óner kórsetude. Basqa kandidattardyng saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizui, olardyng óz sharalaryn ótkizudi bastaghanyna jәne bilibordtar men plakattar ilgenine qaramastan, kózge azyraq týsedi.

11 nauryzda Pavlodardaghy saylaugha baykot jariyalaugha baghyttalghan mitingterge qatysushylargha eki ret belgisiz túlghalar shabuyl jasady. Polisiya osy oqighany tergeu júmystaryn jýrgizude. 13 nauryzda «Algha» jәne Kommunistik partiya jergilikti basqaru organdarynyng rúqsatymen saylaugha baykot jariyalaugha baghyttalghan mitingter ótkizdi: Shymkentte shamamen 80 adam, Óskemende 60 adam, Pavlodarda 50 adam jәne Almatyda 400-den astam adam qatysty, búl mitingter tynysh ótti. Taldyqorghan jәne Qaraghandy qalalarynda saylaugha baykot jariyalaugha baghyttalghan mitingterdi ótkizuge jergilikti basqaru organdary rúqsat bermegen.

Barlyq kandidattar ózderining saylaualdy ýgit sharalaryn qarjylandyru ýshin jalpy somasy shamamen 1.6 milllion Evrony  qúraytyn óz qarjylaryn jәne azamattardan jәne úiymdardan sadaqa retinde týsken qarjyny qoldana alady.  Partiyalar men basqa qoghamdyq birlestikterden úsynylghan kandidattar sonymen birge úsynushy úiymnan 560 000 Evrogha juyq qarjy alady, búl jaghday ózin ózi úsynatyn kandidattardy basqalarmen salystyrghanda tiyimsiz jaghdaygha qoyady. Sonymen birge barlyq kandidattar saylaualdy ýgit jýrgizuge memlekettik budjetten bólinetin qarjyny (shamamen  31 500 evro) alady.

IX. Búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary

Konstitusiya senzuragha tyiym salady, sonymen birge sóz bostandyghyna jәne erkin týrde zanmen tyiym salynbaghan kez kelgen qúraldardyng kómegimen aqparat qabyldau jәne taratu qúqyghyna kepildik beredi.               Alayda, diffamasiya jәne jәbirleu әli de qatang jazalanatyn qylmystyq qúqyq búzushylyq bolyp tabylady. Qylmystyq kodeks Preziydentti jәne memlekettik qyzmetkerlerdi arnayy qorghau sharalaryn qamtamasyz etedi. Sonymen birge, Azamattyq kodekste diffamasiyanyng jazasy retinde asa joghary aiyppúl qarastyrylghan. Osy erejeler kóp jaghdaylarda biylik basyndaghylardy syngha alghan jurnalistterge jәne redaktorlargha qarsy qoldanylyp jýr jәne BAQ-nyng óz qyzmetterine ózderi senzura jasaugha әkeledi. Osyghan qosa, Qazaqstan aqparat turaly zang qabyldanbaghan birshene EQYÚ-na qatysushy memleketter qataryna kiredi. Internetti balamaly aqparat kózi retinde qoldanatyn adamdar sany ósude, alayda kóp jaghdayda Qazaqstan aumaghynda keybir sayttargha kiruge mýmkindik joq  jәne Internet teleradiohabarlardy taratu jәne baspasóz qúraldary turaly zannamamen shektelgen.[5]

Saylau turaly zannyng 28-baby kandidattardyng búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryna  teng týrde shyghu mýmkindigin beretin saylaualdy ýgit sharalaryn jýrgizu qúqyghyna kepildik beredi. Zang kandidattar satyp alatyn jarnamagha tólenetin somany shektemeydi, ol tek saylaualdy ýgit sharalaryna bólinetin jalpy qarjy kólemimen shekteledi. Kandidattardyng әrqaysysyna memlekettik budjetten baspasóz betinen oryn jәne teledidar men radiodan efir uaqytyn satyp alugha qarjy beriledi. Tikeley shyghu baghdarlamalarymen birge, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda, atap aitqanda janalyqtar men aqparattyq baghdarlamalarda, saylaualdy ýgit sharalarynyng bayandaluy Saylau turaly zanmen tiyisti týrde rettelmey otyr. Zannyng 27.7-baby búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryn kandidattardyng jәne sayasy partiyalardyng saylaualdy ýgit sharalaryn tek «beytarap» habarlaudy qamtamasyz etuge mindetteydi.

OSK jәne Aqparat jәne Baylanys Ministrligi mәlimetteri boyynsha memlekettik jәne jeke BAQ kandidattar turaly janalyqtarda birdey úzaqtyqpen jәne birdey sarynmen habarlaugha mindetti.  Saylaualdy ýgit turaly janalyqtan tys baghdarlamalarda habarlau saylaualdy ýgit sharasy nemese sayasy jarnama dep sanaluy tiyis jәne aqysy kandidattyng saylaualdy qarjysynan tólenui tiyis.  Kandidattar turaly olardyng instusionaldyq rólinde habarlau saylaualdy ýgit nemese sayasy jarnama dep sanalmaydy.[6]

OSK BAQ-na qatysty saylaualdy ýgit erejelerin jýzege asyrudy qadaghalau ýshin «BAQ-na qatysty dau-damaylardy sheshu boyynsha Qoghamdyq kenesti» taghayyndady. 14 nauryzgha deyin osy organ eshqanday ereje búzushylyq tirkegen joq nemese oghan eshqanday shaghym týsken joq. Tәuelsiz retteushi organnyng joqtyghy jaghdayynda Aqparat jәne Baylanys Ministrligi 3 nauryzda óz BAQ-yn baqylauyn bastady.

EQYÚ/DIAQB SBM BAQ-daghy Saylaualdy ýgit sharalaryn jýrgiziluine jәne habarlanuyna qol jetkizu ýshin 3 nauryzda qazaq jәne orys tilderindegi alty teledidar stansiyalaryna jәne alty gazetke sandyq jәne sapalyq baqylau jýrgizudi bastady.[7]

X.  shaghymdar jәne apellyasiya

Saylau turaly zanda shaghymdar men apellyasiyalardy qarastyrudyng jauapkershilikting jalghyz iyerarhiyalyq qúrylymy bar anyq kórsetilgen prosesi belgilenbegen. Saylau komissiyalarynyng sheshimderi men is-әreketteri (әreketsizdigi) turaly shaghymdardy joghary túrghan saylau komissiyasyna nemese audandyq sotqa (jogharghy dengeyli sottargha apellyasiya jasau mýmkindigimen) nemese osylardyng ekeuine de[8]jazugha bolady, búghan eki naqty jaghday jatpaydy.[9]Saylau turaly zandy búzyluyn bayandaytyn kez kelgen basqa shaghymdardy saylau komissiyalaryna, audandyq sottargha nemese prokuratura kensesine[10] tapsyrugha bolady. OSK saylau turaly shaghymdardy «jeke is» retinde qarastyrady, sondyqtan shaghymdardyng kóshirmelerin jәne OSK jauaptary men sheshimderin EQYÚ/DIAQB SBM-na bermeydi.[11]Jogharghy sot sottardyng sheshimderine qol jetkizuge mýmkindik beredi, biraq shaghymdardy kóruge mýmkindik bermeydi.

1 nauryzda OSK óz mýshelerinen jәne qyzmetkerlerinen, sonymen birge týrli zang organdardyng ókilderinen túratyn júmys tobyn qúrdy. Talaptargha sәikes, júmys toby OSK-n «jii qabyldanghan shaghymdar» boyynsha kenestermen qamtamasyz etui tiyis, alayda onyng jekelegen shaghymdar boyynsha sheshim qabyldau  ókilettigi joq. Osyghan qaramastan, osy topty basqaratyn OSK tóraghasy orynbasarynyng mәlimdeui boyynsha is jýzinde osy top negizsiz dep tapqan shaghymdardy qabyldaudan bas tartatyn bolady jәne OSK-na tek zang búzushylyq oryn aldy dep sanaugha negiz bar shaghymdardy ghana joldaydy.

14 nauryzda OSK  júmys tobyna ýsh shaghym týsti, olardyng barlyghyn qabyldaudan bas tartty, alayda, zangha sәikes, OSK-nyng organ retinde sheshimi shygharylghan joq jәne ashyqtyq talabysyz. Osy jaghdaylarda shaghym berushilerge shaghymdy qarastyrudyng tolyq jәne oryndy is jýzindegi qúqyqtyq  negizi keltirilmedi.

Almaty qalasyndaghy audandyq sottargha Ýkimettik emes úiymdardan Almaty qalasynyng Mәslihaty taghayyndaghan jәne sonynan ózgertken 18 USK-nyng qúramynyng zansyzdyghyn bayandaghan jeti shaghym kelip týsken. Sottar osy shaghymdardy qarastyrudan bas tartty, olardyng eng keminde beseui atalghan Mәslihat sheshimderine qarsy shaghym beru merzimining ayaqtalghandyghyn mәlimdedi.[12]

Jogharghy sotqa saylaugha qatysty tórt shaghym kelip týsken, sot olardyng ýsheuin qarastyrudan bas tartty jәne bireui qabyldanbay qaytaryldy. Songhy shaghym boyynsha, shaghym berushi OSK onyng qazaq tilin tolyq mengermegendigine baylanysty kandidat retinde tirkeuden bas tartqan sheshimine shaghymdandy. OSK ýmitkerge qazaq tili boyynsha synaq qorytyndylaryn beruden bas tartyp, osylaysha onyng apellyasiya beru qúqyghyn shektegen. Qazaq tilin mengeru dengeyin anyqtaugha arnalghan anyq qúqyqtyq normalar bolmaghandyqtan, sot OSK sheshimining zandy kýshi bar-joqtyghyn anyqtaudyng anyq qúqyqtyq negizin keltire almady.[13]Sonymen birge sot, OSK lingvistikalyq komissiyasy shaghym berushiden kandidattyng qazaq tilin mengeru dengeyin anyqtau ýshin 2005 jyly qabyldanghan OSK qaulysymen belgilengen synaqtar ótkizuding rәsimderine qosymsha synaq ótuin talap etkende, orynsyz әreket jasaghan joq degen sheshim shyghardy.[14]

Jogharghy sot, OSK saylau turaly zandy búzushylyqtardy anyqtaudyng jәne kandidattardy qayta tirkeuding airyqsha qúqyghyna sottargha qatyssyz jalghyz ie boluy sebebin algha tartyp,  bir shaghymdy qarastyrudan bas tartty.[15]Alayda, Saylau turaly zannyng 49-babynyng 1-abzasynda «Sottar... azamattardyn... dauys berudi ótkizuge qatysty, sonday-aq saylau turaly zandardyng búzyluy jónindegi saylaudy әzirleu men ótkizu kezeninde kelip týsken aryzdaryn qabyldaugha mindetti» dep kórsetilgen. OSK-nyng kandidatty tirkeuden zandy merzim ishinde bas tartuyn bayandaghan taghy bir shaghym boyynsha, Jogharghy sot shaghymdy prosessualdyq sebepter keltirip qabyldamay qaytardy.[16]

XI.  әielderding jәne últtyq azshylyq ókilderining qatysuy

Konstitusiya jәne Saylau turaly zang әielder men erlerding saylau prosesine teng týrde qatysuyna negiz beredi. Osy saylaugha eshqanday әiel kandidat qatyspaytyn boldy, úsynys bildirgen 22 kandidattyng tórteui әiel adamdar bolghan. Áyel qauymynyng ókilderi saylaudy basqarugha qatysady: OSK 7 mýshesining 2-i, 16 TSK tóraghalarynyng 3-i jәne  of 207 ASK-nyng 44-i ­­- әiel adamdar.

2009 jylghy  Halyq sanaghy[17]boyynsha halyqtyng 63.1 payyzynyng últy qazaq. Eng qomaqty últtyq azshylyqty qúraytyn orystar halyqtyng 23.7 payyzyn qúraydy. Basqa últtyq azshylyqtargha ózbekter (2.9 payyz), ukrainder (2.1 payyz), úighyrlar (1.4 payyz), tatarlar (1.3 payyz), nemister (1.1 payyz), koreyler, belorustar jәne polyaktar jatady. Konstitusiyagha sәikes orys tilin resmy til retinde qazaq tilimen teng dәrejede memlekettik úiymdardajәne jergilikti ózindik basqaru organdarynda qoldanugha bolady.

XII. Jergilikti baqylaushylar

Jergilikti baqylaushylardy sayasy partiyalar, basqa qoghamdyq birlestikter jәne beykommersiyalyq birlestikter úsyna alady. Jergilikti baqylaushylar resmy týrde akkreditasiya ótui mindetti emes, biraq baqylau jýrgiziletin saylau komissiyasyna úsynushy úiymnyng resmy hatyn jәne jeke kuәlikterin  tapsyruy tiyis. Osyghan qosa, kandidattar baqylaushylarmen birdey qúqyqtargha jәne mindetterge ie bolatyn óz senimdi túlghalaryn taghayynday alady, alayda olardan resmy akkreditasiya rәsimderinen ótu talap etiledi. Birneshe sayasy partiyalar jәne jergilikti Ýkimettik emes úiymdar saylaugha baqylau jasaugha óz niyetterin bildirdi jәne keybiri baqylaushy bolugha ótinish bildirdi.

XIII.   EQYÚ/DIAQB SBMqyzmeti

EQYÚ/DIAQB SBMashylghandyghy turaly Astana qalasynda 1 nauryzdaghy baspasóz mәslihatynda  resmy týrde jariyalandy. Missiyanyng basshysy osy uaqytqa deyin OSK Tóraghasymen, Memlekettik Hatshy jәne Syrtqy Ister Ministrimen, Syrtqy Ister Ministri Orynbasarymen, Jogharghy Sot jәne Konstitusiyalyq Kenes Tóraghalarymen, tórt preziydenttikke kandidattyng ýsheuimen, sayasy partiyalardyng basshylarymen, EQYÚ-na qatysushy elderding elshilerimen, Astana qalasyndaghy EQYÚ ortalyghynyng basshysymen jәne taghy basqa halyqaralyq úiymdardyng úiymdardyng ókilderimen kezdesti.  EQYÚ/DIAQB SBM OSK-men, saylau prosesine qatysty memlekettik úiymdarmen, sayasy partiyalarymen, azamattyq qoghamdar jәne búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarymen qarym-qatynas ornatty. 11 nauryzda diplomatiyalyq qauym ókilderine arnalghan alghashqy baspasóz mәslihaty ótti.

EQYÚ Parlamenttik Assambleyasy (EQYÚ PA) jәne Evropa Kenesining Parlamenttik Assambleyasy (EK PA) saylau kýngi baqylaudy jýrgizu ýshin baqylaushy delegasiyalardy joldaydy. EQYÚ lauazymdaghy tóraghasy Tonino Pisula myrzany osy saylaugha arnalghan EQYÚ qysqa merzimdi baqylau missiyasyn basqaratyn Arnayy koordinator retinde taghayyndady.

[1] Saylau turaly zannyng negizgi bólikterine saylaugha deyin bir jyldan kem uaqyt qalghanda ózgertu engizuge tyiym salynuy jaqsy halyqaralyq tәjiriybe bolyp tabylady.

[2] 14 oblystyng әrqaysysyna ­- bir, Astana qalasyna bir jәne Almaty qalasyna - bir.

[3] Shyghys Qazaqstan TSK Músaghaly Duambekovty qoldaghan qoltanbalar qoyylghan tizimdi qabyldamaghan, sebebi keybir saylaushylardyng aty-jónderi tolyq emes nemese qateleri jóndelgen  nemese keybir mәlimetter basqa týsti siyamen jazylghan.

[4] Mysaly Uәlihan Qaysarov, ózin ózi úsynghan kandidat jәne Azat partiyasynyng mýshesi, synaqty 2005 jyly tapsyryp ótkenine jәne Senatta qazaqsha sóz sóilegendigi belgili ekendigine qaramastan, synaqty tapsyra almady.

[5] 2009 jyldyng shildesinde Qazaqstanda Internetti qoldanu erejeleri turaly zang qabyldandy. Búl zang forumdardy, blogtardy, chattardy jәne taghy basqa internet aqparat kózderin dәstýrli BAQ-men tenestiredi.

[6] 10 nauryzda Aqparat jәne Baylanys Ministrliginde ótken «seminarda» úsynylghan Saylaualdy ýtit sharalaryn habarlau boyynsha osy núsqaulyqtar jazbasha týrde berilmegen.

[7] Baqylau jýrgizilip otyrghan teledidar stansiyalary: Qazaqstan TV, Habar TV, KTK, 7 arna, Astana TV jәne 31 arna. Sonymen birge EQYÚ/DIAQB SBM kelesi gazetterge baqylau jasauda: Vremya, Kazahstanskaya pravda, Panorama, Svoboda slova, Jas Alash jәne Respublika.

[8] Jogharghy saylau komissiyasy jәne sottyng ekeuine de apellyasiya berilgende saylau komissiyasy qarastyrudy sot sheshimi shygharylghansha kidirtui tiyis.

[9] OSK-nyng kandidatty tirkeui nemese qayta tirkeui jәne OSK-nyng saylanghan Preziydentti jenimpaz retinde mәlimdeuden bas tartuy nemese mәlimdemeui turaly sheshimderine qatysty shaghymdar tikeley Jogharghy sotqa beriledi.

[10] Memlekettik prokurorlar saylau prosesining zandylyghyn qadaghalaugha jauapty.

[11] EQYÚ/DIAQB SBM  OSK júmys tobynyng sheshimderine OSK ghimaratynda sholu jasaugha mýmkindik aldy.

[12] Sottar qoldanystaghy jergilikti memlekettik organdardyng sheshimderine qarsy shaghym beru turaly Azamattyq Prosessualdyq kodekstegi ýsh ailyq merzimning ornyna saylau turaly zandaghy saylau komissiyasynyng sheshimderine nemese is-әreketterine (is-әreket jasamauyna) qarsy shaghymdardy beruge belgilengen on kýndik merzimdi keltirdi.

[13] Sot taghayyndaghan ekspert anaghúrlym azyraq synaq qatelerin anyqtady (17), OSK lingvistikalyq komissiyasy tapqan qateler sany - 28. Sot sheshiminde qazaq tilin mengeruge talaptar «Songhy jyldarda qabyldanghan qúqyqtyq aktilerde kórsetilgendey qazir uaqytta kýsheytilgen» dep bayandaldy, alayda naqty qúqyqtyq aktilerge silteme jasalmady.

[14] Sot sheshim qabyldaghannan song OSK-na 2011j. 19 aqpandaghy qaulysyna qosymsha synaq tapsyrugha rúqsat beriletindigin aiqyndau ýshin týzetu engizuge kenes berip hat joldady.

[15] Shaghymda qyzmettegi Preziydentting saylaugha qatysty qyzmet babyn teris paydalanghany mәlimdelgen jәne ony tirkeuden shygharugha ótinish jasalghan. Osydan búryn OSK osy shaghym berushining shaghymyn qabyldaudan bas tartqan bolatyn.

[16] Sot sheshimi boyynsha, shaghym berushi apellyasiyanyn  týpnúsqasyn emes, kóshirmesin tapsyrghan.

[17] Qazaqstan Respublikasy Statistikalyq agenttigin qara: http://www.eng.stat.kz/perepis_nasl/Pages/n1_12_11_10.aspx.

EQYÚ Demokratiyalyq Instituttar jәne Adam Qúqyqtary boyynsha  Burosy

Saylaudy baqylau missiyasy

Qazaqstan Respublikasy

Merziminen búryn preziydenttik saylau 2011j.

Aralyq esep № 1*

1-14 nauryz 2011 jyl

21 nauryz 2011 jyl

www.masa.kz internet gazeti